动词-ing形式的被动式

动词-ing形式的被动式

在上个单元我们学习了动词不定式的被动式，今天我们一起来学习动词-ing形式的被动式。[看一看] 请看下列句子，看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分。

1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.

2. He didn‟t mind being left at home.

3. That building being repaired is our library.

4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.

5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

[讲一讲]

动词-ing形式的被动式在句中可以作主语（如句1）、作宾语（如句2）、作定语（如句3）、作状语（如句4和句5）。此外，动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在句中构成复合宾语。如：You‟ll find the topic being discussed e verywhere.

你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。

He often watched the boats being unloaded.

他常常看轮船卸货。

As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.

走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。

此外，在want, need, deserve, require等动词后，尽管表示的是被动含义，我们却用动词-ing形式。如：

My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了。

The point deserves mentioning.

这点值得提一下。

This problem requires studying with great care.

这问题需要仔细研究。

在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样：

Her method is worth trying.

她的方法值得试一下。

[练一练] 将下列句子翻译成英语。

1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。

2. 这问题远远没有解决。

3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。

4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。

5. 既然已做出了决定，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。

Key:

1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.

2. This question is far from being settled.

3. He did it without being asked.

4. You can‟t eat anything before being operated on.

5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.

Unit 3 Under the sea

The use of V-ing

V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。

一、V-ing形式的名词特征

V-ing形式否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Laying eggs is the ant queen‟s full-time job. 主语

Her job is teaching. 表语

He is fond of playing football. 宾语

developing countries 定语

working people 定语

二、V-ing形式作主语

1．V-ing形式作主语表示抽象的经常性的意义。

Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学习一门外语是很重要的。

Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。

V-ing形式在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。

It…s no good waiting here. Let‟s go home. 在这儿等没好处，咱们回家吧。

It is no use you r complaining; the company won‟t do anything about it.

抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。

②V-ing形式在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth等形容词+ doing”结构中作主语。

It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light.

用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。

It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.

很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。

③V-ing形式在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。

There is no joking about such matters.

这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.

不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。

There is no littering about.

不许乱扔杂物。

⒉V-ing作宾语

①有些动词后面要求跟V-ing作宾语。常这样用的动词有：

admit 承认；excuse 原谅；postpone 拖延；anticipate 期望；fancy 想象practice 练习；appreciate 欣赏；finish 完成；prevent 防止；avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；propose 建议；consider 考虑；forgive 宽恕；delay 耽搁；imagine 想象；resent 厌恶；deny 否认；resist 抵制；keep 保留；risk 冒险；dislike 讨厌；mind 在意；miss 错过；suggest 建议；enjoy 喜欢；pardon 原谅；escape 逃避

He managed to escape suffering from the disease.