医学英语 前后缀1

Summary on Medical English

1. word-building:

Prefixes: medical term first

A-C

D-K

Medical terms first

P-Z

These suffixes show the word is a small version of a thing.

numbers:

ONE: un or uni/ mono/ solo

TWO: bi/ di/ du or duo/ do or dou THREE: tri

FOUR: qua or quad or quadr/ tetra or tetr FIVE: quin or quint/ pent or penta SIX: sex/ hex or hexa SEVEN: sept/ hept

EIGHT: oct/ octa or octo NINE: non/ nov

TEN: dec or deca or deci ONE HUNDRED: cent

ONE THOUSAND: mille or milli MANY: multi or poly

colors:

Grey: glauc(o), Red: erythr(o), Black: melan(o), White: leuc(o), leuk(o), Blue: cyan(o), Yellow: cirrh(o), Green: chlor(o)

THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

I. INTRODUCTION

chemical (atomic to molecular), cellular, tissue, organ, organ system and, organism

II. CHEMICAL LEVEL

atoms, molecules, elements or substances, compounds, mixtures, solutions, colloids and suspensions, homogeneous or heterogeneous, inorganic molecules, organic molecules, Biomolecules

III. THE CELL – Structure and Processes

A. The Structure of a Typical Cell

1. Cell membrane or plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles (Mitochondrion, Ribosomes, Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, Lysosomes), Nucleus (Nuclear membrane/envelope, Chromosomes (DNA), Nucleolus, Nucleoplasm)

2. columnar, cuboidal, squamous (irregularly shaped), polygonal, and fusiform (with tapered or tipped ends) cell

B. CELLULAR PROCESSES

adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Passive cellular processes (diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion), Active processes (Endocytosis-Phagocytosis Pinocytosis, Exocytosis, Active transport systems)

C. THE CELL CYCLE

cell cycle, Cell division, Karyokinesis, Meiosis, Mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, Cytokinesis, differentiation (maturation)

IV. THE TISSUE LEVEL

Histology

Epithellial tissues (epithelium)

Connective tissues: Dense and loose connective tissue, Bone (osteo-), Cartilage (chondro-), Blood (hemato/hemo), Fat (lipo-)

Muscle tissues: Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle

Nervous tissues: Neurons, Neuroglial cells (Neuroglia, glial cells)

V. THE ORGAN, ORGAN SYSTEM AND ORGANISM LEVELS

1. organs (organo-), Organology

2. organ system: Circulatory system, Respiratory system, Digestive system, Skeletal system, Muscular system, Endocrine system, Nervous system, Reproductive system, Integumentary system, Hematological system, Lymphatic system, Urinary system

3. organism or individual.

VI. TERMS USED IN STUDYING THE HUMAN BODY

1. anatomical position: standing, arms on the side, feet together, and the head and palms facing forward.

2. body planes or sections. Transverse or cross-sectional plane, Sagittal plane, Coronal plane

3. directional terms.

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