四级语法(各类从句)
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英语四级语法讲解
从句
根据英语从句在句子中的作用，从句可分为三类：
名词性从句Nominal Clauses
形容词性从句Adjectival Clauses
副词性从句Adverbial Clauses
名词性从句
Including:
主语从句—Subject Clause
宾语从句—Object Clause
表语从句—Predicative Clause
同位语从句—Appositive Clause
形容词性从句
Attributive Clause定语从句Restrictive ～限制性定语从句
Non-restrictive ～非限制性定语从句
副词性从句
Adverbial Clause状语从句
1 of Time （时间）
2 of Place（地点）
3 of Cause（原因）
4 of Result（结果）
5 of Purpose（目的）6of Condition（条件）7 of Concession（让步）
8 of Manner（方式）9 of Comparison（比较）10 of Analogy（类比）
＊从句类型的判定：
看从句在整个句子中处在什么位置上、作什么句子成分。
通常位于句子开头的从句是主语从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从句；系动词后面的从句是表语从句；名词后面的从句只能是同位语从句或定语从句；其它情况则都是状语从句。
☆主语从句引导词
从属连词: that, whether
连接代词: what, which, who, whom
连接副词: when, where, why, how
1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all.
2 In some countries, B is called “equality”doesn't really mean equal right for equal people.
A which
B what
C that
D one
☆宾语从句引导词：
属连词: that, whether, if
连接代词: what, which, who, whom (词尾加-ever加强语气)
连接副词: when, where, why, how
☆表语从句引导词：
从属连词: that, whether, if
连接代词: what, which, who, whom
连接副词: when, where, why, how
The question is whether we shall stay or not.
/ how we can get there.
/ whom he is looking for.
/ who he is.
The reason is (that) he is ill.
That’s what they did. / why I didn't come.
☆同位语从句引导词：
从属连词: that, whether
连接副词:when, where, why, how
that: 无意义,不做成分,但不能省略.
＊同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词. 常见先行词有：idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question,sign, suspect,（以及表示“建议、命令、请求”的词(后者句中要用虚拟语气).
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the results.
There was the question where we were to go. / what we were to do. / when we were to start. / how we could get there. / why we should help them.
☆定语从句引导词：
关系代词: who, whom, whose that, which, as ☆
关系副词: when, where, why = 介词+关系代词☆
1.定语从句引导词在句中起三个作用:
①引导和连接主、从句
②在从句中作某种成分
③替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词）
that, which: 先行词为事、物, 在句中可作主语、宾语；
who, whom: 先行词为人, 在句中可作主语、宾语；
whose: 先行词为人、事、物, 在句中作定语；
as:
①先行词被the same, such修饰或先行词本身就是the same, such;
②引导非限定性定语从句, 代替整个句子, 在从句中作主语或宾语.
It wasn't such a good dinner as she had promised us.
As is well known, Rome is not built in a day.
As we all know, Rome is not built in a day.
① This is the city B
A I like to visit it most
B I like to visit most
C I most like to visit
D I most like to visit it
② Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, A overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.