-ing形式之现在分词(讲义)

1. 通过学习本课，能够全面掌握现在分词的基本形式及其基本用法。

2. 通过学习本课，能够掌握现在分词作表语、定语和状语等句法功能。

重点：学生能够正确运用现在分词来解决语法填空和短文改错中的问题。

难点：学生能够运用句法功能及固定搭配等选用现在分词的正确形式。

1. 对动词-ing形式的考查历来是高考中的热点。要求考生正确理解分词的句法功能，正确分析句子结构。

2. 高考对于现在分词的考查主要集中在语法填空和短文改错中，要求考生对适用现在分词的情况有足够的认知，能够准确判断出何时需要用现在分词形式。

现在分词的基本形式及其基本用法

现在分词在形式上与动名词相同，由“动词+ing”构成，现在分词可以有不同的时态和

He came up to me, saying, “Glad to see you here.”

他朝我走来，说着“很高兴遇见你。”

The question being discussed is of great importance.

正在被讨论的问题非常重要。

Having been scolded by his mother, he made up his mind to give up smoking.

被母亲责怪过之后，他下定决心要戒烟。

Not knowing her address, I telephoned her to meet me at the airport.

不知道她的地址，我打电话让她到机场接我。

Not having finished his homework, he had to stay up late last night.

因为还没有写完作业，昨夜他不得不熬夜到很晚。

According to the report, people in the __________ areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads __________ to the area have been repaired.

A. flooded; lead

B. flooding; leading

C. flooding; to lead

D. flooded; leading

答案：D

思路分析：句意：据报道，洪灾区的人们正在重建他们的家园，并且很多通往灾区的路也已经修好了。flooded意为“被水淹的”；many roads和lead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用leading。

现在分词作表语

作表语的现在分词多已经演化为形容词，即为-ing形容词作表语，表示“令人……的”。

常见的-ing形容词有：amusing, amazing, boring, confusing, disturbing, exciting, encouraging, frightening, interesting, inspiring, missing, moving, surprising, tiring, puzzling, worrying, sitting 等。

The news that we both have passed the final exam is really exciting.

我们俩都通过了期末考试的消息的确令人激动。

The places where we spent our summer holiday are quite interesting.

去年夏天我们度假的那几个地方相当有趣。

如果该形容词指抽象概念，那么谓语动词则用单数形式。

The true is to be distinguished from the false.

真假必须明辨。

The unexpected has happened.

出乎意料的事情发生了。

The news that her missing daughter had been found was .

A. excited

B. to be excited

C. excitement

D. exciting

答案：D

思路分析：本题中含有一个同位语从句，是news的具体内容。作表语的应该是现在分词exciting，或者称之为ing形容词，译为“激动人心的，令人兴奋的”。

现在分词作定语

现在分词作定语

（1）表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，与被修饰的词是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句，可表示一个正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。

（2）单个现在分词作定语，位于被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语，位于被修饰词之后。

（3）现在分词的完成式having done / having been done通常不用作定语，只用来作状语。

I saw a waiting taxi.= I saw a taxi which is waiting.

我看到一辆正在等人的出租车。

The bird singing in the tree is beautiful.

在树上唱歌的小鸟非常漂亮。

Do you know the man standing over there?

你认识站在那边的那个人吗？

The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. (×)

The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. (√)

被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就会重建。

It’s reported that 289 more trains were added __________ passengers on Sunday to meet the needs of those people __________ home for the Spring Festival.

A. to take; returning

B. taking; returning

C. taken; to return

D. take; returned

答案：A

思路分析：句意：据报道，周日又增开了289趟列车以满足人们回家过年的需求。第一空，不定式作目的状语；第二空，现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰those people。

现在分词作宾语补足语

现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语与它之间是主动关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语，用于以下复合结构中。

（1）感官动词：see, hear, smell, feel, watch, observe, notice, find, catch.

I hear someone knocking at the door.

我听到有人正在敲门。