2020考研英语长难句主要有三类
考研英语的长难句
考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。
例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。
这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。
二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。
三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。
例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。
因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。
四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。
即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。
例如：“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。
考研英语长难句总结
考研英语长难句总结一、定语从句1.The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2.I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sittingCEOs first.3.In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patentedand not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.4.But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives ofthe founding generation.5.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.二、名词性从句1.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappychildless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.2.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and morediverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.3.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing.4.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warmingseriously.三、状语从句1.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Seniorwrites that ―the ve ry things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight.‖2.But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – forinstance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.3.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizationsplace their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.四、后置定语1.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.2.Consumers passionate about a product may create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting itto friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.3.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.4.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in theinstitution of the traditional classical concert.5.Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lumptogether information from different research projects.6.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suitsone to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.7.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed inschool and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.五、伴随状语1.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.2.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider theoriginal Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.3.Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.4.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.5.But particularl y when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardlysuggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.六、形式主语1.But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.2.To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is notnecessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.3.It is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments thatscience can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.4.It’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until w e know for sure.5.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable ofeconomic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.七、形式宾语1.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.2.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier to remember their names.八、长主语1.The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.2.The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministersand political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.3.The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widelymisunderstood by economists and politicians alike.4.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.九、同位语1.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a jobdatabase on the Internet.2.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased inheight by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court ineffect supported the medical principle of ―double effect‖, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.4.Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measurecreativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.十、并列结构1.Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies con cerned.2.Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning thePhilharmonic into ―a markedly different, more vibrant organization.‖3.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mustcompete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.4.Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies.5.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.十一、插入语1.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.2.The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to theproper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.3.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing thebravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.4.The Internet –and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercialpublishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.5.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life theactivity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.十二、比较1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like anopportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.2.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating asmuch on technique as on outcome.3.In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the moreinherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.4.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.5.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct ourown change by consciously developing new habits.6.Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone couldenter, regardless of class or background.十三、倒装1.According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial Americawas ―s o much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.‖2.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for otherthings.3.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased ―opportunities‖ forstress.4.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.十四、强调句1.It was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision.2.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because theyspend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.十五、That1.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led bymusicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.2.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they couldin turn afford more education.。
2020考研英语：语法长难句之强调句型结构篇
2020考研英语：语法长难句之强调句型结构篇考研英语是所有备考科目中比较难的科目，语法长难句部分更是重点，所以拿下这部分很关键。
为此，整理了“2020考研英语：语法长难句之强调句型结构篇”的文章，希望对大家有所帮助。
2020考研英语：语法长难句之强调句型结构篇以下是2020考研英语：语法长难句之强调句型结构篇的具体内容：一、理论常识强调主要有两种形式：1. 强调谓语：Eg1 ： I love you . —> I do love you . —> I did love you .Eg2 ：Cell phone / Internet / computer brings us convenience .—> Cell phone / Internet / computer does bring us convenience .2. 强调句式It is / was + 被强调成分 +that / who + 句子其他成分。
【步骤】a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分（除谓语和补语外）两边添加it is / was 和that / who，其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。
【强调句式特征】去掉it is / was ... that / who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1 ： My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study .—> It is my mother who / that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study .—> It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart .二、试题举例Thus ， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers ，coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it .【重点词汇解析】couple with 与……相结合；maximize，v. 取……最大值、达到最大值【参考翻译】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
2020考研英语：长难句结构分析
2020考研英语：长难句结构分析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：长难句结构分析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：长难句结构分析一、复合从句在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。
复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。
本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴，当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。
这种语法处理，并不是从语言学研究角度进行的，而是从教学角度出发做出的从简处理。
(一)简单复合从句简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。
套用从句，其实是最简单的长难句。
这类句子就像一根锁链，只要抓住句子的各个连接点，理出句子层次，就完全可以把握住。
在翻译定语从句时，“这(些/个)”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。
阅读时，定语从句一般可以跳过，实在不放心可以略读。
一般情况下，考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。
并列从句大致有四种情况：并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。
也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。
其实，并列从句和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同，只不过并列从句一般较长，会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。
并列从句修饰主语，就是说并列从句作状语。
这种句子很简单。
翻译时，可以直译，把从句作定语，直接放在主语前面。
如果从句很长，可以使用复指代词。
另外，翻译从句先行词时，要注意词性的转换，比如hope/suggest之类的词有名动两种译法。
考生要切忌拘于词性。
并列从句修饰谓语就是说这些从句作状语。
一般情况下，这些从句都不完整，多为现在分词短语和过去分词短语。
事实上，现在分词短语和过去分词短语作状语或者定语，都可以看作是从句的一种更加灵活的表达方式。
并列从句修饰宾语。
宾语有两种，一种是单纯宾语，另一种是介宾结构中的准宾语。
单纯宾语指在句中作宾语成分准宾语指在介词后面的宾语。
并列从句修饰单纯宾语的句子结构很清晰，阅读难度不大，但翻译有些难度。
并列从句修饰准宾语的就比较难了。
近几年来关于长难句八大类型的总结
近几年来，考研英语出现了很多难句。
并且这些难句主要是长难句。
英语长难句不限于并列句和复合句，简单句有时也很长。
它的一个重要特点便是修饰语较长，而这些较长的修饰语一般都是短语和从句，它们或是位于名词后面的定语短语或从句，或是位于动词后面的状语短语或从句。
这类修饰语在句子中还可以一个套一个连用，甚至一连套上好几个也很普通。
于是，英语文章中出现的长句少则四、五行，多则十余行，甚至整个一段就是一个长句。
对于考研英语的考生来说，英语长句的理解，关键在于语法分析。
具体地说，理解长句大体可以分两个步骤进行：(1)判断出句子是简单句，并列句，还是复合句；(2)先找出句中的主要成分，即主语和谓语动词；然后再分清句中的宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语、定语等。
一般说来考研英语的句式往往具有以下特点：1)句子偏长，多为复杂句。
2)句子修饰语多，层次复杂。
3)使用插入语和分隔结构4)成分省略5)多枝共干6)改变语序7)否定结构8)比较结构这八种方式往往可以相互结合．从而形成更长的难句。
形成长难句的目的却只有一个。
就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯。
从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。
下面分别对这八种方式一—解析。
第一节：句子偏长，多为复杂句具体表现在以下几点：I. 主语为长句，且放在前面如果句子的主语比谓语长许多，可用各种修饰手段变成主谓语两头基本平衡。
阅读理解短文中大多数也是这种句子。
但是，也有相当一部分长句不是这样，而是头顶一个长长的主语，其后的谓语却非常短。
例如：【例1】Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science.【简析】本句的主语部分是: Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", 长达24 个单词，而谓语只是一个词make.对中国学生来说，这样长的主语往往会打乱我们的思维习惯，使我们摸不清句子结构关系，导致理解错误。
2020考研英语：重点长难句解析3
2020考研英语：重点长难句解析3考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：重点长难句解析3”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：重点长难句解析315. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.【词汇进步】glimpse 快速的看一眼disregard 抛弃，丢弃irrelevant 不相干instantaneously 立即winding 蜿蜒曲折的suspicious 可疑的【主干识别】the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的两个动词glimpse和disregard【其他成分】that is irrelevant 修饰 the 98percent focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 现在分词短语作状语，focus 的动作发出者就是句子主语human mind。
【微观解析】the monkey or the single suspicious face 为focus on 的并列宾语【难点揭秘】动词的并列在主句中出现而在现在分词短语中出现并列宾语【译文赏析】但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98%的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。
2020考研英语长难句翻译：定语从句3大译法
2020考研英语长难句翻译：定语从句3大译法一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号分开。
翻译这类句子时往往能够用：(一)前置法把英语限制性定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复合句译成汉语单句。
1)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.译文：在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
2)There will come a day when people around the world will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.译文：全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天会到来的。
(二)后置法上述译成前置定语的方法大都适用于限制性定语从句，但一般用于译成比较简单的英语定语从句;如果从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往能够译成后置的并列分句。
1、译成并列分句，重复英语先行词1)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.译文：他们正在为这样一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，很多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。
2)They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that he had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a unclear war.译文：他们可能不得不蒙着臭名而终其余生，这个臭名就是：它曾贸然采取了一项行动，这项行动破坏了峰会，并且能够设想，这可能已触发一场战争。
2020考研英语长难句详解（1）
【导语】学⽽不思则罔，在掌握知识点之后将其运⽤在解题中才是备考的好⽅法。
备考需要⼀点点积累才能到达效果，⽆忧考为您提供2020考研英语长难句详解，巩固所学知识并灵活运⽤，考试时会更得⼼应⼿，快来看看吧！1. that sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同）译⽂：那种性别⽐例能在程度上增加⼀个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在程度上增加所传递到后代⾝上去的基因复制品的数量。
难句类型：倒装、省略a本句的正常语序应当是：that sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语that sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。
所以原⽂将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
b在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第⼀处在maximize的第⼀个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。
第⼆处省略是在第⼆个the number of 之前，省略了与前⾯⼀样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. and hence在此表⽰后⾯的成分作为前⾯“化⼀个个体的后代的数⽬的”结果。
2020考研英语一长难句翻译技巧分析
2020考研英语一长难句翻译技巧分析今年的英语(一)翻译真题是关于历史的，文章来源于An Outlineof American History，《美国历史纲要》。
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念，而汉语则不同，常常使用若干短句作层次分明的叙述。
所以，我们在实行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的三大差异，将英语的长句分别分解翻译成汉语的短句，并根据其在主从句中的位置按照汉语的习惯破译。
第一，汉语没有冠词，英语冠词表示泛指或者特指。
这就要求大家至少要把近十年的真题中出现的(包括划线句子以及上下文中的)主语名词都认真总结一遍，实行重复性的记忆。
在平时的复习备考中，考生应该有意识的系统复习总结最常考的语法点，包括时态、语态、从句、特殊句型、结构及用法、句子的完整性及一致性等，多分析长难句，在实际使用中检查和掌握基础的语法知识，提升实际英语应用水平，以不变应万变。
另外，大家还需要对考研阅读文章里面的长难句实行一个重点的突破。
长难句不但因为句子结构比较复杂、句子和句子之间的逻辑关系比较复杂，而且主从句中的主语是特指还是泛指也会导致我们同学在读文章的时候很多时候造成了理解障碍，甚至理解错误，从而直接影响大家对句子主语的选择和判断。
所以在练习翻译长难句句子结构的分析和解读水平过程中，我们要特别注意主语的准确释义，这也是我们提升考研阅读做题准确率的根本保证。
第二，掌握英、汉语中定语位置的差异。
考研的翻译是英译汉，即在一篇长度大约400个单词左右的文章中，划出五个句子，要求我们用准确的汉语翻译，即：原语言为英语，目标语言为汉语，所以我们一定要弄清楚英、汉语言定语位置的差异，诸如汉语习惯用定语前置，而英语习惯定语后置。
汉语的定语多是形容词，而英语的定语能够是从句，名词，代词，短语还有非谓语动词等。
;汉语是动态语言善用动词词组，英语是静态语言善用介词词组和名词词组;汉语习惯用简短句子，英语习惯用复杂句等等，针对这些语言特点我们都要铭记于心，只有这样我们才能真正做到翻译的“信”、“达”、“雅”。
【2020考研英语】考研英语长难句需重点掌握的两大句型
想要学好长难句，掌握语法是关键。
下面我们将介绍长难句中必须重点掌握的两大句型，以期帮助同学们更好地提高长难句的分析能力。
1.简单句考研英语长难句的翻译中，若是简单句，无非就是考察定语、同位语、插入语和状语。
只要我们能在阅读过程中识别出它们的存在，并分别对症下药，相信一切问题都将迎刃而解。
在这里特别要说几个处理方式：1、定语采取的是前置和拆分；2、同位语和插入语采取的是跳读；3、状语采取的是剥离。
下面一起来看个例子以便大家更好地理解：Eg. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, i covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family”.分析: 本句中，a lateral move 是主语，prompted 是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress 是 a lateral move 的定语， although，... withmy family 是状语，其中逗号之间的 in the manner of a disgraced government minister 是插入语。
译为：一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称“我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起”来掩盖我的退出。
2.非简单句非简单句是指含有一套以上主谓结构且句子中成分是句子构成的，如并列句、主从复合句。
2020考研英语：典型长难句解析（一）
2020考研英语：典型长难句解析（一）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(一)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(一)1. Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future&mdashmore than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物&mdash&mdash占美国近25 000种植物的10%&mdash&mdash将可能灭绝。
2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration， because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits： it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have can improve the nutritional value of products and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征可以改进食物的营养价值可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三
2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三【典型难句一】But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.【结构剖析】主干为science does provide us with guide and it is critical that ....our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments 为主语从句，it指代的内容。
that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.为定语从句修饰judgments.【猜词技巧】critical是多义词，既可以表示批判的，也可以表示评论的，重要的。
因为and 前后连接两个并列的分句，前面的分句里does对谓语动词进行了强调，所以critical在这里处理为“重要的”。
【翻译点拔】由于critical表示“重要的”，那么它后面的从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，base前把should省略掉了，翻译的时候一定要进行处理，把should进行还原。
【参考译文】但是科学确实为我们提供了涉及未来的最佳指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。
2020考研英语：语法长难句之否定句型结构篇
2020考研英语：语法长难句之否定句型结构篇考研英语是所有备考科目中比较难的科目，语法长难句部分更是重点，所以拿下这部分很关键。
为此，整理了“2020考研英语：语法长难句之否定句型结构篇”的文章，希望对大家有所帮助。
2020考研英语：语法长难句之否定句型结构篇以下是2020考研英语：语法长难句之否定句型结构篇的具体内容：一、理论常识1. 部分否定Not both of them are my brothers .Both of them are not my brothers .All is not gold that glitters .2. 双重否定双重否定分为三种：肯定型：There are no roses without thorns .强调型：I just can’t do nothing .委婉型：I can’t hardly read your hand writing .3. 几乎否定She is barely right .I seldom got any sleep last night .Few people can understand why he did it .二、试题举例There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry .【重点词汇解析】methodology，n. 方法论；refer to 参考、涉及、指的是； branch，n. 分支 v. 分支、出现分歧【参考翻译】所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
2020考研英语攻克长难句9大关键词
2020考研英语攻克长难句9大关键词一、长难句常见的五种基本句型考研英语翻译的特点是长难句比较多，体现在两方面：一是修饰成分较多，二是句子结构层次较复杂，从句嵌套现象层出不穷。
由此可见，长难句的结构分析在考研英语翻译中就显得尤为重要。
为了攻克长难句，应该注意以下几点：应熟练掌握英语中的“五种基本句型”。
1. 主语+谓语(谓语为不及物动词)2. 主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语3. 主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语4. 主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+直接宾语+间接宾语5. 主语+系动词+表语在考研英语翻译中，划线部分的句子大多是长难句，但是不管句子有多长，句子结构有多复杂，这些句子都能够回归到英语的“五种基本句型”上，即再复杂的句子，只要提炼出主干或主句，就对句子的基本框架有了一个总体的把握。
而这五种基本句型都必然包含一个谓语动词，所以谓语动词就是抓主干的突破口。
英语句子由短到长，主要借助于连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等手段，其中连词主要是and，but等并列连词和what，which，who等从属连词。
换句话说，这些连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等把句子分成了一个又一个的小意群，因而成了句子结构划分的拆分点。
特别是连词在句子由短变长方面的作用举足轻重，其中，并列连词把两个独立的分句连在了一起，从属连词把一个独立的分句与一个从句连接在了一起。
但是，不管是从句还是分句都有自己的谓语动词，具体说来and，but连接的并列分句中的谓语动词都是主句谓语动词，而从属连词which，that，where等所引导的从句中都各配备有一个属于从句的谓语动词。
所以，在长难句的分析过程中，只要我们找到了这些连词和主从句的谓语动词，句子结构就一目了然了。
二、攻克长难句的9大关键词在切分一个句子前，首先要明确切分的目的：把主句和从句拆分开，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分开，理清句子结构。
其次关于如何拆分句子，在这里介绍一些拆分的“关键词”，它们出现的地方极可能是拆分英语句子时可能断开的地方，但大家要记住并不是绝对的。
2020考研英语：长难句怎样分析？
2020考研英语：长难句怎样分析？小编为大家提供2020考研英语：长难句怎样分析?一起来看看吧！希望大家能集中精力攻破长难句，祝你备考顺利！2020考研英语：长难句怎样分析?2020考研英语长难句怎么分析?下面我们通过两个考研英语长难句分析步骤来给大家讲解下，希望对你们有帮助哦!长难句一New ways of organizing the workplace- all that re-engineering and downsizing- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.词汇：workplace 工作场所; re-engineer 重组;downsize 缩小规模;joint investment 联合投资;machinery 机械装置句型结构：a. 主干：New ways(主语) of organizing the workplace(of介词短语作后置定语)- all that re-engineering and downsizing (同位语)- are (谓语)only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy(宾语).翻译：布置厂房的新方法- 所有的重组，缩小规模- 会影响一个经济体的整个生产力。
b. 修饰成分：The overall productivity of an economy(定语从句先行词), which(定语从句主语) is driven by (谓语)many other factors (宾语)such as joint investment(同位语) in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training(介词短语做后置定语).总结：Which引导的是定语从句，先行词是经济的整体生产力。
2020考研英语《长难句》汇总
3. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 解析：该句主干是 While …, your could-be employer is deciding whether... and your wares and abilities must be displayed...。前一个分句中 while 引导伴随状语从句，whether 引导宾语从句， 该从句中并列主语为 your education, your experience, and other qualifications，谓语部分为 pay him，后面是不定式做的状语。And 后面的并列句是被动语态，其中 in … manner 为方式状 语。 知识点补充：pay sb. to do sth.意思是“干某事对某人有利”。如：It will pay you to be careful.(小 心谨慎对你有好处) ； could-be 意思是“可能的，未来的”；wares 本义为“货物，商品”， 在这里表示应聘者能够展示出来的资格和能力。 译文：在与你面谈时，你未来的雇主将根据你的教育背景、经验和其他的资历来确定雇用你 是否值得，因此你必须把你“待售的物品”和能力以有序而合理连贯的方式呈现出来。
2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三).doc
2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三)考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三)21. Interface with the Business Development Support Group to assist in developing strategic communication plans for new business development， working with government relations and protocol specialist in supporting visits from various external stakeholders.与业务开发支持部门协调，协助制定交际策略方案，开发新业务帮助协调与政府的关系，同礼仪一道负责接待与公司有密切关系的外来造访者。
22. External communications experience in a media，corporate or agency setting， knowledge of media and communications vehicles and the fundamental principles of journalism and public relations， successful project management experience， with excellent communication and interpersonal skills.有在媒体机构、公司或代理机构负责对外交际工作的经验，熟悉各种媒体和交际手段，熟知新闻和公共关系方面的基本原理，具有项目管理的成功经验，具有优良的交际和人际关系处理技能。
23. In many states this year， budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen， while tuition， the share of the cost borne by the students themselves， has gone up&mdashin some cases faster than the rate of inflation.今年，在许多州，州立大学的预算不得不减少或冻结，而学费&mdash&mdash学生所承担的费用&mdash&mdash却上升了，在某些情况下上升得比通货膨胀率还要快。
考研英语长难句分为哪些类别 怎么学好英语长难句
考研英语长难句分为哪些类别怎么学好英语长难句考研英语中，有大量的长难句，让备战考研的同学们感到十分头疼。
下文小编给大家整理了考研英语长难句的归类及学习方法，供参考！ 考研英语长难句常见分类及方法分析一、修饰成分复杂的考研英语长难句 句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;介词短语修饰;不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个。
对于这种长难句，同学们一定要注意抓住句子主干，先把主干给梳理清楚了，在此基础上再进行添枝加叶，这样才能知道这句话在说什幺内容。
例：As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. 分析：主语是the interaction and confrontation，谓语是transforms，伴随状语为As a discovery claim works its way through the community,定语为between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved，修饰主语the interaction and confrontation 二、语序调整或倒装的考研英语长难句 在考研英语中通常会有倒装，主要分两种一种是语法要求必须要倒装，比如：以here , there ,then , now , next引出的倒装句;以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句;以表示方位的副词引出的倒装句;否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首;only置于句首;as / though引导让步状语从句;在虚拟条件句中，连词if。
考研英语长难句学习要点归纳总结
考研英语长难句学习要点归纳总结一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列或平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
一般说来，英语长句有如下几个特点：1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多；2）常须根据上下文作词义的引申；3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断；4）并列成分多；5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；二、考研英语难句分析类别第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句（定语、状语、同位语从句等）修饰；2、介词短语修饰；3、分词修饰；4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个。
例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析：主语：The methods；谓语：come into being；that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句，修饰the methods；不定式to表示目的状语；that community perceives as essential为定语从句，修饰the cultural legacy。
译文：一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。
我们称之为“打岔”。
例：Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.分析：在浏览该句时，发现句子中出现了双逗号，其中间的内容rather than representations 为插入语，浏览的时候先跳过。
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1.含有分隔结构的句子
分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现，它的作用主要是调整语气、
补充信息以及平衡句子结构。
在阅读长难句中出现较多的分隔形式是插入语。
插入语有很多不同的类型，可以是一个词，比如形容词(strange，etc)、副词(personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，etc)
可以是短语，比如形容词短语(worst still，sure enough，etc)、
介词短语(of course，in short，as a matter of fact，by the way，etc)、分词短语、动词不定式(to be sure，to tell you the truth，etc)。
也可以是句子，比如if I may say so，if you don't mind，that is(to say)等都是非常常见的插入语。
通常，去掉句中这些插
入成分不会影响句子的完整性。
如：I say /hear，I think /hope / believe，you know / see，what's more，I'm afraid，do you think / suppose等。
如：His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software pany，he first heard how quickly his employees had
aepted their new electronic-mail system. 这是一个典型的含有多个插入语的长句。
as chairman of Computer Associates International是he
的同位语，a software pany是Computer Associates International 的同位语，它们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。
去掉这些插入语后，这句话的意思就很清楚了。
2.被从句拉长的简单句
这些句子较长，有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。
遇到这种情况时，考生在阅读过程中经常会遗忘前面刚刚读过的内容，往往读了几遍，还搞不清整个句子的结构。
如：Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had oasion to set in motion a plex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon.
事实上，无论多长多复杂的句子，都是由主干和修饰成分这两部分组成的。
主干是整句话的主体框架，主要指主谓宾结构(He plays basketball)或主系表结构(This is an apple)。
修饰成分可以是单词，可以是短语，也可以是从句，无论是何种形式，它在句中都只起到修饰和补充主干的作用。
因此，对于这种类型的长句，我们要做的首先是确定主干，然后理清从句结构，再按照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意，再联系
上下文看是否与语境相吻合。
如果前后文理不通，则可能是分析有误，这时就需要对句子结构重新进行分析。
用上述的方法简化上述的那句话，就会发现，句子的主干是there is not one，后面都是修饰成分。
定语从句who has not…natural phenomenon修饰先行词one，在这个定语从句中，of the very same kind…as that…作为后置定语修饰a plex train of reasoning 句中有一个让步状语though differing in degree作为分隔结构，把the very same…as that分隔开as that which…中的that是先行词，被which所引导的定语从句修饰。
在考研英语阅读中，常用来拉长简单句的就是定语从句和状语从句。
尽管很多考研er对这两种从句并不陌生，但仍然被它们迷惑，分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。
比如分不清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，或者一个从句究竟该在哪里结束。
出现这种情况并不完全是因为对语法不够熟悉，而是因为忘记了一个重要的原则&mdash&mdash在没有列举的情况下，以句号为标记的一句话中一般只能有一个谓语动词。
因此，从句应该在其后的第一个谓语动词和第二个谓语动词之间结束。
如果从句中出现连词and 等，则有可能连接了两个谓语动词，那么从句就应该在第二个和第三个谓语动词之间结束，以此类推。
3.多个并列句构成的长句
这是一种相对简单的情况，我们首先要做的就是找到并列连词(and, so, but, or, etc)，然后将长句分解成多个分句，理清各分
句的内部结构和句意，然后再综合考虑全句，即可明了整句话想表达的意思。
如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy. 需要注意的是，这种类型的句子中常出现省略现象，比如在本例中，第二个并列句即had前面就省去了and he。
对于复合从句，要首先找出从属连词并确定主句，接着按照简单句的分析方法，梳理各分句的结构和意义，然后确定各从句的性质，也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构，最后综合整体考虑全句大意。
如：In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization&mdashwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
在这个句子中，首先确定连词whereas(而)表示对比，确定主句并找出主干结构，也就是the process of
industrialization&mdashwas spread over nearly a century，破折号中间的短语是附加成分，修饰主语中心词process，其中social patterns后面that followed是一个定语从句。
最后需要提醒的是，在进行长难句分析时，还应特别注意以下几点：
(1)是否有省略、倒装等现象
(2)明确替代词的所指对象
(3)判断并列成分的层次
(4)句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将它们归入后文的句法分析
(5)在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，要准确判断状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
内容仅供参考。