语法学习--名词性分句(Unit1)

名词性分句

在复杂句中担任主语、主语补语、或宾语功能的限定性分句叫名词性分句。因此，名词性分句可以分为主语分句，主语补语分句和宾语分句。他们通常由从属连词（that, whether, it）连接代词（who, what, which）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）

Ⅰ.名词性分句的位置

1.主语分句处在复杂句中的主语位置：

That they will complete the project ahead of time seems unlikely.

That the earth is round is a fact.

Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.

What he says is true.

Where he is living is not known to us.

在有主语分句的复杂句中，可用先行词it作形式主语，把主语分句置后。其中，that 引导的主语分句通常用先先行词it, 其他连接词引导的主语分句也可以用it.。例如：It seems unlikely that they will complete the project ahead of time.

It is a fact that the earth is round.

It is not clear to me whether she likes the present.

It is not known to us where she is living

主补分句处在连系动词(通常是be)之后：

The first thought was who sent this flower.

The point is whether we should learn a foreign language.

This is where we once lived.

宾语分句有两个位置，

1) 在及物动词之后：

The doctor said (that) we should take no drugs of any kind without first talking to him.

Maria wondered if/whether cleaning the house was considered exercise.

He didn’t know whose book that was’

2)在介词之后：

It all depends on whether they will support us.

They are talking about what they should do next.

Ⅱ.名词性分句的意义

1. “陈述”意义，由that引导：

I t is possible that they can’t afford to buy the apartment. 他们可能买不起房子。

I know that he has gone abroad. 我知道他已经出国了。

2. “一般疑问”意义，或“是否…..”意义，由“whether/if”引导：

I wondered whether/if you’ve got the letter for me.

3. 特殊疑问意义，由“wh-“词引导(whether除外)：

They haven’t decided who should be sent abroad.

4. 确定意义，由wh-词引导(whether除外).。例如：

I’ll tell her what happened. 我要把发生的事情告诉他。

You can take which you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的那一个。

I’m who you are looking for. 我就是你要的那个人。

5. 感叹意义，由what和how引导：

It is unbelievable how fast she can run. 她会跑这么快，真叫人难以相信。

Do you still remember what a good time we had in the country? 你还记得我们在乡下过的是多么愉快吗?

Ⅲ.有关连接词的几点说明

1.that 在分句中不但任何成分，也无意义。引导宾语分句时可省略。但引导主语和主补分句时不可省略，尤其是主语分句置句首是一定不能省略。

2.whether和if在分句中也不担任任何成分，但他们都有词义“是否”。whether能用于所有的名词性分句，if只能用于及物动词后的宾语从句，而不能用于主补分句，介词后的宾语分句及置句首的主语分句。主语分句置后时,有时可以用if。例如：

It’s not clear to me whether/if she likes the present.

3.wh-词本身都有词义(见Ⅱ中所述)，都在分句中担任成分，连接代词在分句中担任主语，宾语，补语，连接副词在句中担任状语。例如：

Who will be in charge has not been decided yet. (主语)

Which of the two TV sets they like is unknown to us. (宾语)

I don’t know who she is. ( 主补)

4.Wh-词引导的名词性分句的词序通常不用于疑问句。其词序为“连接代词/连接副词+主语+动词(+....)”。但当连接代词在分句中作主语时，其词序为“连接代词+动词(+……)”。

I don’t know who she is.

Who is she? 词序不同

Who will be in charge has not been decided yet.

Who will be in charge? 词序相同

5.谓语动词think, believe, expect, suppose 等后的that宾语分句中如果有否定意义，往往把否定词移至主句。

I don’t think that you will soon be back.

I don’t believe he has stolen th e watch.

注意这种结构的附加疑问句：

I don’t think that you will soon be back, will you?

I don’t believe he has stolen the watch, has he?

Ⅳ. 先行词it与宾语分句

1.先行词it 与宾语分句

当宾语分句(通常that宾语分句)有一宾语补语时，常用先行词it作形式宾语，把宾语分句置后，例如：

I think it important that we study English well.

Tom made it clear that he did not agree.

2.形容词与宾语分句

某些形容词后的“that-”和“wh-”分句可以称为宾语分句.

He was sure that she would not satisfy her sister.

I’m glad that you are looking well.

Are you sure how much the TV set costs?