句子成分和结构

history ①Mr. Li teaches teaches us history. ②My father tells us a story story. ③He gave Mary a red pen pen. ④I lend him many books books. bike ⑤She bought me a bike. ⑥He made his wife a kite. kite
5) We are students.
名词、代词、数词、 形容词、介词短语 动词ing 、to+动词原形、 be动词 持续类: keep, remain, stay 连词+句子
“看起来像” seem, appear 感官类: look, smell, taste, sound, feel 变化类: become, grow, get, go, turn, fall
查词典学单词，要看懂和记住什么？ 2) 看例句掌握单词在句中位置 1) 掌握单词词性 主要看数词/冠词外的7大词性 动词v.
数词num. 冠词art. 代词pron. 名词n.
one apple; two little boys 数词/冠词 + (形容词) +名词 an idea; a good idea; the blue sky
除了用标点符号体现简单句，可以用以下方式： 并列句 ①加连词（and / but / so…） = Tom won the first place in the contest and it made his parents proud. ②变从句 主从 = Tom won the first place in the contest, which 复合句 made his parents proud. ③使用非谓语动词 = Tom won the first place in the contest, making his parents proud.
这两种成分的位置比较灵活， 要靠作用来判断 句子成分 那些句子里，我们发现的位置：
定语、状语 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 宾补
对比两组句子的中英文“语序”（即单词排列顺序）： 【观察和发现】中英文中，定语的异同：
我的 ①这是我的朋友。
This is my friend.
来自美国的 ②这是来自美国的学生。 This is a student from America. America 都用于修饰名词 加上修饰成分（尤其后置定语或状语）后， 中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生______ 变化 。
介词短语算什么成分呢?
主语和宾语这两个位置的词/词组的词性是一样的(涉及5大词性)： 名词、代词、数词、动词ing 、to+动词原形、连词+句子
She plays the piano. He teaches me. One and two equals three. 主语+谓语+宾语 I enjoy running. He wanted to run. I think that he is in the classroom.
以谓语动词为中心展开，观察处于非谓语位置时，动词的特点 Doing sports is healthy. To climb buildings is is dangerous.
不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词
不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词 非谓语动词的形式：
I enjoy running. running He wanted to run run.
名词 代词 数词 介词短语 形容词 动词ing短语 to+动词短语 连词+句子
区别于宾语的5 大词性，系动词 8大词性 后这个位置被称 为“表语”
宾语只有5大词性，为什么这里有8大词性呢？ 系动词 因为这种谓语是“ ______”： 简单句5大结构之三： be 动词 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 持续类: keep, remain, stay “看起来像” seem，appear 感官类: look, smell, taste, sound, feel 变化类: become, grow, get, go, turn, fall
观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5大结构 直接 间接 之四： 物体 指人的 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(人) +宾语(物) 名词 名词/代词
表达物体的来去 或交换的动词 =My father tells a story to us. =He gave a red pen to Mary. =I lend many books to him. =She bought a bike for me. =He made a kite for his wife.
1）用于修饰名词
2）中文里为“…的***”
表位置“的” +名词 含动词短语“的” 桌子上的书 有画的书 我们喜欢的书 站在树下的男孩 被Tom表扬的男孩 一些吃的东西
介词短语 名词+ 定语从句(主谓要完整) 非谓语动词短语
the book on the desk the book with pictures the book that/which has pictures the book that/which we like the boy who/that stands under the tree the boy standing under the tree the boy who/that are praised by Tom the boy praised by Tom something to eat
“主谓双宾”结构换写成： 直接 to(给) 间接 + + 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(物) for(为) 宾语(人)
观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5大结构 之五： 宾语 宾语 主语 + 谓语 + 名词 /代词 + 说明物体情况的词 补足语
名词 形容词 介词短语 to+动词短语 动词ing短语 动词ed短语
1）用于修饰名词
2）中文里为“…的***”
形容词+名词
真正美丽的东西 煮熟了的饭 游泳池 一条游动的鱼
单个形容词 单个动词过去分词 +名词 单个动词ing
really beautiful things boiled rice a swimming pool a swimming fish
★动词过去分词、动词ing≈形容词 ★副词可以修饰形容词
形容词adj. 副词adv. 介词prep.
9种 词性
连词conj.
查词典学单词，要看懂什么？ 主要看数词/冠词外的7大词性 2) 看例句掌握单词在句中位置 1) 掌握单词词性 vt. I see him. 动词v. vi. (~+介词+sb./sth.) I look at him. ①注意固定搭配 ②注意8大主要时态
主格 he, I, it等 I like him. 代词pron. 宾格 him, me, it等 He is fond of it. 名词n. Cn. (pl.指常用复数) Many boys leave. He spends much money. Un. The little boy is good at math. Luckily, I often walk quietly. At night, I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music. He cried because he was sad and hungry.
形容词adj. 注意固定搭配 副词adv. 介词prep. 注意固定搭配
连词conj.
动词存在于几乎所有句型里！ 以动词为中心展开，找规律！ 1) I see him. 2) I look at him. 位谓 谓位 3) I like him. 置语 语置 被后 前被 4) He is fond of it. 称的 的称 5) Many boys leave. 为这 这为 6) He spends much money. 宾语个 个 主语 7) The little boy is good at math. 8) Luckily, I often walk quietly. 9) At night, I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music. 谓语肯定是动词，那主语通常是什么词性的词 /词组？ 10) He cried 宾语通常是什么词性的词 / 词组？ because he was sad and hungry.
时间 、_____ 地点 、_____ 方式 、_____ 程度 、_____ 原因 、 目的 、_____ 表示_____ 条件 、______ 让步 的词/词组叫做状语。 结果 、______ 伴随 和_____ ______
Yesterday was Tuesday. We fished all day; we didn’t catch
anything. What a pity! Why?
英语中的逗号呢？
句 号、_____ 感叹 号、___ 问号 简单句与简单句之间通常是___ 或分号（；）
Tom won the first place in the contest. It made his parents proud.
谓语 动词在句中的这个位置被称为“ ____” 【注意时态和语态】 简单句5大结构之一： 主语 + 谓语 之二： 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
谓语肯定是动词，那么主语通常是什么词性的词/词组？
名词 代词 数词 动词ing短语 to+动词短语 连词+句子
dance 主语+谓语 Some robots can dance. He runs slowly. 副词算什么成分呢? Eight is a lucky number. 形容词算什么 Doing sports is healthy. 成分呢? To climb buildings is dangerous. is When we will go climbing is under discussion.
Jack ①His father named him Jack. ②Jack painted the wall white white. order ③We found everything in good order. ④The teacher asks Tony to sit down. down room ⑤We saw her entering the room. tree ⑥We saw a horse tied to the tree.
①动词ing ②to+动词 ③动词过去分词 不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词
He keeps crying. crying His task is to clean the window.
不在谓语这个位置，而在_____语这个位置的动词 The teacher asks Tony to to sit sit down. down We saw her entering the room. We saw a horse tied to the tree.
名词、代词、数词、 动词ing 、to+动词原形、 连词+句子
谓 __语 动 __词 1) Birds fly. 2) They like singing.
【思考】 如果动词不在谓语这个 位置，有什么特点？
Leabharlann Baidu
3) Tom gives them food. 4) We hear them talking.
谓语肯定是动词，那么宾语通常是什么词性的词/词组？
名词 代词 数词 动词ing短语 to+动词短语 连词+句子
观察以下句子中，谓语动词后的词/词组的词性
He became a scientist. The watch is his. One and two is three. We are at home. The idea sounds good. He keeps crying. His task is to clean the window. That is because the job is boring.