_强调句和省略句讲解

强调句和省略句

按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调，近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用，考查复合句中的强调句式；按照考试大纲的要求，考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。

强调句

一、强调句句型

1．陈述句的强调句型：It is / was ＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋that / who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分。

It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.

2．一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is / was提到it前面。

Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?

3．特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋is / was ＋it ＋that / who ＋其他部分？

When and where was it that you were born?

I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.

强调主语：It was I (that / who) met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.

强调宾语：It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.

注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that和who不可省略；强调句中的时态通常用两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was...，其余的时态用It is...

二、not...until...句型的强调句

1．句型为：It is / was not until ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分

It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.

注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用。因为句型中It is / was not...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。

三、谓语动词的强调

1．It is / was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do / does或did。Do sit down.

He did write to you last week.

Do be careful when you cross the street.

注意：此种强调只用do / does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

省略句

为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：

一、简单句中的省略

1．省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。(I) Thank you for your help.

(I) See you tomorrow.

(It) Doesn't matter.

2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

(There is) No smoking.

(Is there) Anything wrong?

Why (do you) not say hello to him?

3．不定式的省略

(1)使役动词let, make, have及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句时应加上to。

I saw the boy fall from the tree.

The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

2)mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love...等后面接不定式作宾语时，省略作宾语的不定式。只保留不定式符号to, 但如果该宾语是动词be 或完成时态的不定式时，则需在to后加上be 或have。

—Are you going there?

—Yes, I'd like to (go there)．

—Are you an engineer?

—No, but I want to be (an engineer)．

3)tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。

The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab)．

4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and / or 连接时，第1个不定式带to, 后面的不定式可省去to。但如表示对比(照)等，则不省略to。

Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes. It's better to laugh than to cry.

5)主(宾)语补足语中的to be 往往省略。

He was thought (to be ) the cleverest boy in the group.

6)特殊结构中的省略

would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there's nothing to do but, can't help but, rather than 等后的不定式的符号to常省略。

He would sooner die than surrender.

I'd rather look after the baby than wash dishes.

7)主语部分有一个表“做”的do 的各种形式时，表语不定式常省略“to”。

What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.

4．省略表语

—Are you thirsty?

—Yes, I am (thirsty)．

5．同时省略几个成分

Let's meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.

—Have you finished your work?

—(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.

二、并列句中的省略

两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

三、主从复合句中的省略

1．主句中有一些成分被省略。

(I'm) Sorry to hear that you are ill.

(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.