高考英语非谓语动词考点透视

５.不定式的变化形式 (1)只保留符号to 的不定式 为了避免重复，有时不定式中可以省略 与上文相同的主要动词，只保留不定式 符号to . --Would you like to come with us? --Yes, l’d love to . 特别提示：如果不定式的主要动词含有 be或助动词have ,be和 have不能省略。 --Is your father a reporter? --No, but he used to be .
A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend
3.不定式的逻辑主语 每个不定式有其逻辑主语，它可能是句子的 主语、宾语，也可能由for或of引出。 (1)逻辑主语是句子中的某个代词或名词。 My father promised to take me to the seaside. (2)由for 引出其逻辑主语 It won’t be easy for you to find a new job. (3)由of 引出其逻辑主语 It was kind of you to help us.
非谓语动词的四种形式： １.不定式 ２.动名词
现在分词
３.分词
过去分词
一.不定式 １.不定式的形式 语态形式 主动式
时态形式
注意：否定形式是在to前加not
被动式
to be done
to have been done
一般式
完成式 进行式 完成进行 式
to do
to have done to be doing
高考英语非谓语动 词考点透视
学习导航
非谓语动词是英语中的重点语法项目之一，它涉及词法，句法，时态， 语态和各种习惯用法，易混点比较多，在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 所以学习非谓语动词时应理清非谓语动词在句中所作的成分及它们之 间的区别。特别应注意以下几点：
１.非谓语动词主动形式和被动形式的运用。 ２.非谓语动词的一般式，进行式，完成式 的用法区别。 ３.非谓语动词的逻辑主语的运用情况。 ４.非谓语动词的习惯用法。 ５.独立主格结构的构成和基本用法。
(2)不带符号to 的不定式 ①在感官动词(see, hear,Baidu Nhomakorabeawatch, find, observe, notice, feel等)和使役动词(make, let, have )后 作宾语补足语的不定式通常省略to。 The joke made the children laugh. ②当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作 表语的不定式可省略to。 All you need to do is (to )press the button. ③动词help之后的不定式作宾语补足语时，to 有时可省略。 Your perfect spoken English can help to find a good job.
4.“疑问词加不定式”结构 疑问代词who, whom, whose, what ,which 和疑问副词when, where, how等放在不定 式前构成一类特殊的不定式短语，常在句 中做主语、表语，宾语和同位语。此外 whether后也可接不定式。 How to solve the problem remains to be discussed. What concerns me most is whom to depend on.
to have been doing
(1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常时间性不强，与 谓语动词表示的动作没有时间先后顺序。 I am expecting to hear from you. (2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前， 强调动作的先后顺序。 The boy pretended to have known the answer. (3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动 作同时进行。 The students pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in.
Parents want their children to develop fully.
(5)作定语 He is always the first to arrive. (6)作状语 In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows. [跟踪练习２] 1.I make it a rule _____ (do) morning exercises every day. 2.The purpose of the meeting is _______(elect) a new captain. 3. I’m going to the supermarket. Have you got anything _________? A. bought B. to be bought C. to buy D. being bought 4. Which do you enjoy _______ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home?
2.不定式的句法功能 不定式相当于名词，形容词，副词，因此在句中可以做主 语，宾语，表语，补足语，定语和状语等。 (1)作主语 To stop the work now seems impossible.
(2)作宾语
How I wish to have another day off. (3)作表语 My goal is to be a great scientist. (4)作补足语
(4)不定式的被动形式 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的 承受者时，一般要用其被动形式。 She asks to be treated equally. [跟踪练习1] 1.The radio needs _______________.(repair) 2.I happened _________ (watch) TV when she called me. 3.The room seems ___________(break) into . 4.He is said _______(go) abroad already. 5.I’m pleased _______(see) you here.