如何提高磷肥利用率

磷肥在土壤中移动性小，且易被“固定”，因此，磷肥的利用率比氮肥等低，一般只有10%-25%。那么，怎样才能提高磷肥的利用率呢?

Phosphate fertilizer in soil mobility of small, and easy to be "fixed", therefore, the utilization rate / of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is low, generally only 10%-25%. So, how to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer?

1、集中施用。把磷肥集中施在种子或根部附近，是一种有效的施用方法。这种方法既可减少磷肥与土壤的接触面，降低固定作用，又便于作物根系吸收，一般提高利用率28%-39%。

1, application. Application of phosphate fertilizer concentration in the vicinity of seeds or roots, is an effective method of application. This method can reduce the contact / surface of phosphate fertilizer and soil, reduce the fixed effects, and is convenient for crop root uptake, generally improve the utilization rate of 28%-39%.

2、分层施用。通过耙磨施入5-10厘米土层中，供作物苗期吸收;把其余磷肥结合耕翻条施于15-20厘米土层中，供作物中后期吸收利用，也可以提高磷肥的利用率。其中，浅施以速效磷肥为好，深施可用迟效磷肥;施用量，浅层占30%-40%，深层占60%-70%。

2, hierarchical application. The harrowing fertilizer 5-10 cm soil layer, for crop seedling absorption; the rest was p combination bands on 15-20 cm soil layer, in the middle and / late for crop absorption and utilization, but also can improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer. Among them, the shallow to available phosphorus as well, deep application of fertilizer application amount, can be delayed; shallow accounted for 30%-40%, deep 60%-70%.

3、与氮肥配合施用。凡缺磷的土壤一般也都缺氮，氮、磷配合施用，可使磷肥利用率平均达到23%-28%;另据在小麦上试验，亩施磷10千克，配合等量氮，比单施同样数量的磷增产16.3%，磷肥利用率提高3.91%。根据各地试验结果，氮、磷配合的比例，在土壤肥力较低时为1：1，中等肥力为1：0.5，上等肥力为1：0.25。

3, and nitrogen fertilizers. Where the Phosphorus Deficient soils are generally deficient in nitrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizer application, the phosphate utilization rate reached an average of 23%-28%; according

to the test on wheat, Mu P 10 kg, with equal nitrogen, compared with the single application of the same amount of phosphorus fertilizer increased yield by 16.3%, improve the utilization rate of 3.91%. According to the test results, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, when the soil fertility is low to medium fertility for 1:1, 1:0.5, fertility is 1:0.25.

4、与有机肥混合堆沤后施用。据研究，磷肥与有机肥混合堆沤后施用，可使磷肥利用率提高10%-30%;其中，磷矿粉与厩肥混合堆沤30天，可使弱酸溶性磷素增加67.6%。磷肥与有机肥混合堆沤，加入过磷酸钙的比例一般占2%-3%，钙镁磷肥占5%左右，磷矿粉占5%-10%。

4, and organic fertilizer application after mixing compost. According to the study, after the application of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer by mixing pile, the phosphate fertilizer to improve the utilization rate of

10%-30%; wherein, phosphorite powder mixed with manure composting for 30 days, can make the weak acid soluble phosphorus increased 67.6%. Phosphate fertilizer and organic manure mixed composting, adding calcium superphosphate proportion accounted for 2%-3%, calcium magnesium phosphate accounted for about 5% of 5%-10%, phosphate rock powder.

5、重点在豆科作物上施用。实践证明，将过磷酸钙或钙镁磷肥直接施在前茬豆科作物上，比施在后茬禾本科作物上利用率高，增产幅度大。

5, focus on the application of leguminous crops. Practice has proved, the SSP and FCMP and applied directly to the previous crop legume crops, than in the stubble after gramineous crop utilization rate is high, the range of increasing in yield.

6、叶面喷施。叶面喷施能从根本上防止磷肥被土壤固定，同时也是作物增产的重要措施。其方法是：用过磷酸钙1-3千克，加水100千克，浸泡一昼夜后过滤去渣滓，在作物中后期叶面喷洒，一般每隔5-10天喷一次，共喷2-3次，每亩每次喷洒50-75千克。叶面喷施只能作为一种辅助手段，生产上仍应以土壤施肥为主。

6, foliar application. Spraying on the leaf can fundamentally prevent the phosphorus fixed by soil, but also the important measures of increasing