英语简单句6种句型

英语简单句的基本句型

由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。谓语动词有及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构，如连系动词后要接表语；大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语，有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语，还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)。要想写好简单句，我们必须记住以下六种句型，它们是语言的基本模式。

【句型一】主语+ 谓语(不及物动词) + (状语[副词、名词、介词短语等]) The children are listening quietly. 孩子们在静静地听着。

He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。

The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。

They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。

【点津】主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。上述句子虽然长短不一，但都属于这一基本句型。

常见不及物动词：act（行动）, agree(同意),apologize（道歉）, arrive（到达）, ap pear（出现）,blow（刮风）,come（来）,cough(咳嗽), close（关闭，结束）,cook(做饭),c ry（哭）, decrease（减少）die（死）, disagree(不同意),disappear（消失）, exist（生存）, fall （跌落）, go（去）, grow（生长）, happen（发生）,jump(跳),leave（离开）,live(居住), look（看）, listen（听）, lie(说谎，位于),last（持续）, open（开张）, play（玩）, rise（升起，起床）, ring（铃响）,run(跑), smile （微笑）,talk(讲话),tremble(颤抖),work （工作）,walk(步行)

【句型二】主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语( + 状语)

He didn’t like the film. 他不喜欢这部电影。

She often helps him. 她经常帮助他。

I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。

They decided to go hiking. 他们决定去徒步旅行。

He thought about the problem for a few moments. 他把这个问题思考了一会儿。

【点津】此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词，也可以是短语动词，后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末，这些状语多数是副词或介词短语，也可以是名词短语、分词或不定式短语。

常见的单宾语及物动词有：accept，admire，admit，affect，afford，announce，borrow，bury，celebrate，cover，defeat，defend，destroy，devote，pretect,di scover，educate，enjoy，equip，explain，forget，guess，invent，love，post，raise，supply，use

【句型三】主语+ 系动词+ 表语

Your watch looks very nice. 你的手表看起来很漂亮。

The mooncake tastes very delicious. 这种月饼尝起来很可口。

The days get shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。

In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，树变绿了。

【点津】此句型中的谓语动词是连系动词，如appear（显得）, be , seem（好像）, turn(变+颜色), taste（尝起来）, feel（感觉）, smell（嗅起来）, fall（变+asleep/ill）,ke ep（保持）,go（变+表不好的形容词）,get(变得+温度形容词) ,grow(变+young/old),becom e (变得), sound（听起来）,look(看起来) 等，作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。

【句型四】主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

Please give me a few apples. 请给我几个苹果。

I’ll show you my photos. 我将给你看我的照片。

【点津】此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for 引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。

She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。

His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. = His uncle bought a birth day present for him yesterday. 昨天，他叔叔给他买了一件生日礼物。

由介词to 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：

give somebody something =give something to somebody,

pass somebody something =pass something to somebody,

tell somebody something = tell something to somebody,

show somebody something = show something to somebody,

offer somebody something = show something to somebody,

lend somebody something =lend something to somebody,

take somebody something = take something to somebody ,

teach somebody something = teach something to somebody

write somebody something = write something to somebody ；

由介词for 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：

buy somebody something = buy something for somebody ,

cook somebody something = cook something for somebody

get somebody something = get something for somebody ,

make somebody something = make something for somebody ,

choose somebody something = choose something for somebody ,

sing somebody something = sing something for somebody

【句型五】主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语

We call him Tom for short. 我们简称他为汤姆。

At first I found Chinese quite hard. 开始时我发现汉语相当难。

Tell him not to be late tomorrow. 告诉他明天不要迟到。