被动语态与动词时态用法的区别

被动语态与动词时态用法的区别

语态是一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系，

语态分两种：一种是主动语态一种是被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

而时态是用以表各种时间和动作方面的动词形式

时间主要有四个部分，即现在、过去、将来、过去将来

动作方面主要有四种，即一般、完成、进行、完成进行

将时间和动作方面组合一起，构成16种时态。

一、被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成，

被动语态用于各种时态，较常有以下10种，现把被动语态的10种形式和动词时间用法的10形做对比：1、被动语态现在一般式：

如：xiao wang you are wanted in the office.

动词时态现在一般式：

如:I go to school every day.

2、被动语态一般过去式：

如：our house was built in 1969.

动词时态的一般过去式：

如：they had a baby last month..

3、被动语态将来一般式：

如：this matter will be looked into in the future.

动词时态的将来一般式：

如：he will come next week.

4、被动语态过去将来一般式：

如：he said that the bridge would be built next year.

动词时态的过去将来一般式：

如：he said he would come back t he next day.

5、被动语态现在完成时：

如：the party has been planned since the new year.

动词时态的现在完成时：

如：I have got up very early this moring.

6、被动语态过去完成时：

如：Tootie looked at the tanterns that had been lighted and placed near the opening.

动词时态的过去完成时：

如：I had meant to come,but something happened.

7、被动语态将来完成时：

如：the class will have been taught by Brown for two year by next summer.

动词时态的将来完成时：

如：he will have finished reading the book by the end of this week.

8、被动语态过去将来完成时：

如：he said that the bridge would have been completed beford July.

动词时态的过去将来完成时：

如：he said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.

9、被动语态现在进行时：

如：the children are being taken care of by their aunt.

动词时态的现在进行时：he is reading a interesting book.

10、被动语态过去进行时：

如：when I called ,tea was being served.

动词时态的过去进行时：

如：we were talking about you this moring,your book is terrible.

二、被动语态除常用“助动词be+过去分词“构成外，还可用“get+过去分词“构成，这种结构后面一般不接by短语。

如：the boy got hurt on his away to school.

三、被动语态可含情态动词，其结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词构成。

如：cross the road very carefully,Look both aways or you mingt be knocked down.

四、有不少短语动词相当于及物动词，所以这些短语动词也有被动语态。

如：Boxing was gone in for here in the early 1950s.

五、“动名词+名词+介词”构成短语动词，其结构比较散，变被动语态时也可以将名词和其它的介词折开（使介词和其后的宾语合成一个介词短语）。

如：

被动语态：good use is made of the library.

主动语态：they make good use of the library.

六、不定式的被动语态：

如：To be obeyed was nalural to her.

The problem remains to be solved.

It needs not to be said that they are very happy together.

七、动名词的被动式：一般有两种，有一般式和完成式：

动名词一般式用于被动式：

如：he narrowly escaped being run over.

动名词完成时用于被动式：

如：his arm was not in a sling,and showed no sign of having been damaged.

八、现在分词的被动式，有两种，一种一般式和完成式：

现在分词一般式被动式：

如：Did you see the boy being questioned by the police?

现在分词的完成式的被动式：

如：this having been said, let us return to subject.