高考英语介词专题复习

高考英语介词专题复习
一介词分类：
1.简单介词：in/on/at/across/beside/besides/beyond/but.except/like/since/through/till等等
2.合成介词：inside/into/onto/out of/outside/upon/without
3.成语介词along with/because of/ in front of/instead of/together with/next to/in spite of
二介词短语在句子中的作用：定、表、补、状
1. 定语 The man in black is Mr. Zhang. He's a man of wealth.
2. 表语 You must remain in bed. He was against slavery.
3. 补语 He found everything in good condition. The heavy rain kept us inside the house.
4.状语： We put the play on in a theatre. In spite of the heavy rain,
t hey arrived.
三常考介词基本用法
1. about
1) 关于 As soon as the reporters know what to write about they get down to work.
2) 到处，向各处 He likes traveling about the world.
3) 用于某些短语 talk about / know about (of) / learn about(of)
注意：know about 知道/了解...情况 know of 听说过
I happened to know a lot about her. I know of the town,but I've never
been there.
2. above
1) 在...上方，与below相对 They remain above the same place on the earth.
2) 在...之上，超过 The mountain is 1000 feet above the sea level.
3) above all 首先，重要的是Children learn a lot of subjects at school.Above all,they must know how to learn.
3, across 短语 come across/run across 跑过，横过
1) 穿过，跨过 We had to walk across some wet ground. 2) 在...对面
The post office is just across the street.
4. after
1) 在...之后/以后 After saying good-bye to them,we returned to the college. He returned after three days.
2) 在...后面 Shut the door after you when you go out. 注意：与别人同时
进门时，after you 表“你先请”
3) 短语 look after/name after/day after day/after all 毕竟，终究，别忘了，
然而（用于句尾）
5. Against 短语 go against违反、违背/ strugle against 与...斗争
1) 反对 Are you for or against the plan? 2) 靠着 The desk stood against the wall.
6. along 沿着 They walked along Nanjing Road.
7. Among 1) 在...中间，在三者或以上之间The new products aroused special interest among the visitors.
8. Around 短语 at once /at present / at the top(foot) of / at the entrance to /at the mercy of(在...支配下）/at breakfast /at one time / at the bottom / at the latest(最近）/ at least / shout at(to）.../ point at(to).../ work hard at /at first/ at home/ at the same time.
1) 在...周围，环绕 The seas around Ireland were full of all sorts of fish. 2)在...范围内 It's too wet to go walking around London.
9. as 短语consider...as / work as / think of...as / act as /look on(upon) as... /as a result (of...)
1）作为，充当，用作 She was well known as an excellent dancer.
He wanted me to go with him as his secretary. He was seen using a check as a book mark.
10.at 1) 在某地点/场合 I live at 305 Boat Road. We are lucky to have another world-famous expert here at the conference.
2) 在某时刻/时间/时间段 Dinner was at six o'clock. We're busy at harvest time. We shall meet at the weekend.
3) 向（某方向/目标） What are you laughing at? He pointed the pipe at the lion and fired.
4) 对...(说明引起某种情绪的原因） The whole nation was very sad at the news of his death. She felt glad at what he had said.
5) 处于某种状态，进行某种活动 If anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job.
6) 在某方面 He was very clever at drawing.
7) 表价格、速度、数量 They can sell their beef at a high price. We built the plant at top speed. The interest is at 20 percent.
11.before 在...前面，在...之前We have a good day's work to do before us. Only four days remains before the exam.
12.behind 在...之后，比...晚The garage is behind the house. The train is behind time.
13.below 在下面Little of the earth's solid surface has been seen by humans, as much of it lies below the sea.
14.beside 在...旁边He came and sat down beside me She drew up a chair close beside the bed.
15.besides 处... 外What other courses do you take besides English?
Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.
16.between 1）在两中之间Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English.
2) 两两相互间，共同 Other scientists had dsaid that wheat should be planted with space between the plants.
He divided his time between lecturing, teaching and writing. 17.beyond
1) 在...外边，在...那一边 We can stop here on the right beyond the tree. The woods go for about two miles beyond the river.
2) 超出，高于（不同搭配，译法不同） You mustn't drive beyond the speed limits. To do this was quite beyond my power.
18.but 除去，（多与nobody/nothing/who等连用）Under the soil there is nothing but sand.
Nobody but Mr. Smith is in the room. Who but he can do such a thing ?
注意：but 还可跟不定式，如果but前为实义动词do的各种形式，常看省略to
I have no choice but to rewrite it. They did nothing but complain. There was nothing else to do but send for the doctor.
19.by 1) 在...旁边；从...旁边，通过 She was sitting by the window.
She passed by me without noticing me. She crossed the river by a wooden bridge.
2. 到某时Perhaps she has known the truth by now. By the time he was
fourteen,he had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
注意：by/until/till by 表某一动作将在by 表示的时间发生。

until/till某持续的情况或状态将在until/till表达的时间结束。

--Can I stay until the weekend? -- Yes, but you'll have to leave by Monday.
3) 由（某人做的），通过（某种方法、方式）You shouldn't judge strangers by the clothes they wear.
4) 表交通或通讯方式、手段 There aren't any roads, so we have to travel by air or boat.
The videophone will be able to do drawings and send them by mail or by fax. 注：此用法中，by所修饰的名词前无冠词。

5）表增减程度，尺寸、数量 Sales of cigrettes have been reduced by 30%. The water level of the lake was going to rise by 63 metres.
6) 用于某些短语：by chance(accident)/one by one/little by little/step by step/day by day/side by side/by oneself/by the way/by mistake/by the side of/by the end of/by sea(road)/learn...by heart/judge by...
20. Down 1) 沿着...往下 Together we walked down.
2) 从近处向远处，向市中心区 It's about two hundred yards down this street. They went down town that afternoon.
21. During 1) 在某段时间/期间 During his lifetime, we acted in 13 films.
22. except 除去，除掉（同类排除）
1）后跟名词或代词 I could see nothing except a great fire and lots of smoke.
2) 跟that,what,when或where I know nothing about him except that he is a doctor.
I go to work by bike except when it is raining. I know nothing about it except what you told me.
3) 用于except for 除了有...之外（不同类的排除） The room is empty except for a bed.
23. for
1) 为了（表目的，可有不同译法） We can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip.
2) 想找到或得到（搭配不同，译法不同）Someone is asking for you you on the phone. He had to turn to teacher for advice
3) 表原因（情况不同，译法不同）Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. I'm sorry for being late for school.
4）对，对于 Milk and vegetables are good for children. It's important for us to recite the text.
5) 给...的，供.... 用的（情况不同，译法不同）These small desks are for the children between the ages of 5 and 8.
If the population keeps growing so rapidly, there will only be standing room left for us next century.
6) 表一段距离或时间 I followed him for quite a distance. I haven't heard from him for some time.
7) 去到或前往某处 At 17, he set off for the USA with a group of child dancers. Here is the train for Guangzhou.
8) 赞成（引导的短语作表语） Are you for the plan or against it?
9) 作为 Before coins appeared, many things were used for money.
10) 花钱，交换（买卖或换关系） He once refused to speak on the radio for $1,000 a minute.
He sold the camera for ten pounds. How much did you par for it?
11) for 引起的短语作不定式的逻辑主语 It's good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking.
12) 用于某些短语：head for前往/prepare for/wait for/stand for/ care for/look out for/go in for/ask for/mistake sb for/ for days/for ever/for example/for sale/for one's good/for free/for the time being/for oneself
24. from
1) 从 Her uncle has returned from India not long before.
2) 离...有多远 The town is sixty miles from Cambridge.
3) 由于The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger.
4) 用于某些短语prevent(stop/keep)...from doing stsh/die from/suffer from/date from始于）/ seperate...from/from the beginning/tell...from/from now on/ from then on/from...to/far from(远离，一点也不，远非）
25. in
1) 在某范围或空间内） What were you doing in the south. Don't stand in the rain. There's nothing interesting in today's paper.
2) 在一段时间之内或之后 Do you work in the day time or at night? I'll be back in half an hour.
注：in+一段时间用一般现在时或将来时（含过去将来时） after+一段时间则用于一般过去时
My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. He says (said) he will(would) return in a week.
3) 表状态、特征，（引起的短语作表语） Her life is in danger.
4) 短语作状语，说明方式、目的 From then on, they sat in silence. He took along some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job.
5) 在...上，在...方面 I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the new words. She was poor in physics.
6) 表方式（以...,用...） Let's try to express ourselves in our own words. Don't write your composition in pencil.
注：in 与with in 主要表示用什么材料，哪种语言 with主要表示用什么工具
He wrote the composition in pen=He wrote the composition with a pen.
7) 用于某些短语
in all/ in a word/ in fact/ in other words.in public公开地、in the place在适当的位置、in the air/in the past/ in modern times/ in a hurry/ in battle/ in debt 欠债/in space /in case/ in place of代替，取代/in that case/in the future/in future/in time/in one's opinion/in front of/in turn/in return作为回报/in...way 以...方式/in a flash一刹那/in a short while/in charge of主管，负责/in search of(for)寻找/once in a while/in praise of歌颂/in need of/in honour of为了纪念...，向...表示歉意/be interested in /be rich in/ be in love with/fall in love with/ join in /take part in/ take...in one's arms拥抱/put...in prision/take pride in/get in touch with/ succeed in doing sth.
8) 介词in 的省略
1）在in...way;in ...style中，in 可以省略 They played teh game (in) a different way.
2) 在have difficulty/trouble in doing sth, spend ...in doing sth 中， in 可以省略
She spends lots of time (in ) watching TV. We had no trouble (in) finding his house.
26. into
1) 进入 He turned the key in the lock and went into the office. 2) 使成为The house has been turned into a museum.
3) 用于某些短语 look into/break into/ divide into/translate...into/get into the habit of/ burst into tears/ get into trouble
27. instead of 代替，而不（译法较活）
1）跟名词或代词 I will go instead of you Give me the red one instead of the green one.
2) 跟动名词 We walked down the stairs instead of taking the lift. Instead of smiling, each of them make a face.
3) 跟介词短语 He studies in the evening instead of during the day. I shall spend the afternoon here instead of in the library.
28 in spite of 尽管 inspite of oneself不由自主In spite of the heavy rain, they continued to work.
29 like
1) 像...一样 We're like brothers and sisters. It was exactly like your necklace.
2) 这样，那样（与this, that 连用） You mustn't think like that. I have never seen him like this before.
3) 是什么样子，怎样 what ...like What was the conference like? What's he like ?
注意：How 为疑问副词，不与介词like 连用 How was the conference like (F)
4) 用于短语： look like rain(snow) feel like doing=would like to do/sound like
30. never 靠近，在...附近They sat at a table near the window Don't go near the edge.
31. Of 1) ...的 The oceans of the world are salty. 2) 表特征（作表语活定语，有不同译法）
They are of great help to beginners. Coins of this kind date from 221 BC.
3) 合表数量的词连用 So the four of us went on walking. We've got plenty of work to do.
4) talk/speak of, think of 想到，谈到 I often think of our days together. They seldom speak of the subject.
5) 与形容词连用，表某种情绪、情感 The Irish are very fond of music and poems.
There is nothing to be afraid of. We are proud of his great achievement.
6) 与名词连用 That would be a wast of money. Love of one's country is a virtue.
7) 用于短语 of course/ because of/ be short of/ of one's own /die of/ rob sb of sth/talk of /be made up of/ be made of 32. off
1) 从...下来，脱离 The house moved and a few pictures fell of the wall. Where did you get off the train？
2) 离...不远的地方 In 1989 an oil tank hit a rock off the northwest coast of Alaska. There is a little island off the coast.
33. on
1) 在...上面 The clock on the wall struck 12. He comes from a small city on the Yangtze River.
2) 在某天或某天的早上、下午、晚上 Lincoln was born on February
12th,1809.
He left Guangzhou for home on the morning of July 2nd.
注：有early 或late 修饰时，则不用on,要用in early in the morning of Sep 9th=early in the morning of Sep. 9th.
3) 在...时，刚... On reading the letter, he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison.
4) 关于，论及（用于专业、学术） In 2007, his book "On History of Time" became a best-seller.
He made a speech on the situation at home.
5) 与名词连用，作表语，表状态，活动。

He's here on a visit from Guangzhou. He and his family are away on holiday
6) 用于短语on duty/on watch/on holiday/on a visit/on fire/on board/on average/on the air在播送/on the radio在广播/on the other hand/on one's own/on the telephone/on time/on the point of doing 正要做/play a trick on/ agree on/spend on/ congraduate...on/live on/call on(upon)/depend on
34. out of 1) 从...出来 She brought something out of her bag.
2) 从 He watched the country out of the window. West Indians make musical instruments out of large oil cans.
3) 离开，不在...里面（译法较活） Please get out of the way.请不要挡道。

She is already out of danger.
4) 用于短语out of work/out of order出故障，损坏了/out of breath/out of date/knock out of/ get out of从...出来，逃避
35. outside 在...外They left the car outside the main entrance. Meet me outside the school gate at three.
36. over
1) 在...上方，在...上经过 They took off and flew over a part of the forest. He then glanced over his shoulder before continuing down the street.
2) 在...上面 She spread a cloth over the table. 注： on 在...上（表位置），over则含有在...上方的意思（表覆盖）
He put a cloth on his wound .(F) He put a cloth over his wound.(T)
3) 在...时期中 American English has changed over the centuries, too. Will it rain over the weekend.
4) 多与，不止 He talked for over half an hour.
5) 短语： over the telephone/all over/over the radio/watch over照看/get over 克服/go over /run over碾过去
37. Past 1) 从...旁过去 I saw a boy running past my window. 2) 时间过去了 It's a quarter past two.
38. round
1) 围绕 She hoped to have a chance to travel round the world. 2) 在...范围内 Let's take a look round the exhibition.
3) 表地点或时间 It's just round the corner. I will be back round May Day.
39. since 自从They have been close friends since childhood.
The number of Meihua deer at the centre has greatly increased since it was built in 1985.
40. through
1) 穿过，通过 Through the train window, he saw peasants working busily in the fields. We can't travel through the forest by road.
2) 通过某人或事 I heard about the job through a friend who works in the same company.
3) 短语： see through看穿、look through翻阅/ all through贯穿
41.throughout 1)整个...时期 Rain fell throughout the night.
2) 全... Throughout the world, computers will be used more and more in the future.
42.till/until 直到 The meeting lasted till midnight.
用于否定：直到才 We didn't know anything about it till yesterday.
用于肯定：到... I waited until three o'clock, but he didn't come.
43. to 1) 向...,去... All roads lead to Rome. In his talk he told us of his
visit to Africa.
2）到...(时间或数量） It's ten to four by my watch. They brought down the price to 3 yuan.
3）向，为 I must apologize to you. Let's drink to the success of your school.
4)对于 They always smile, and are always friendly and polite to visitors. These ideas may seem strange to you.
5)随着音乐This tape of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to.
6)短语：pat attention to.../see to照料/look forward to/lead to/refer to /be(get) used to/ stick to/ connect to连接，相连/set fire to/point to/burn...to the ground/compare...to.../compare with/get down to 开始认真做某事/sentence...to death/belong to/make... to one's own measure/come to oneself/cmoe to共计、达到/struggle to one's feet/get close to/ agree to/ turn to sb for help/set an example to sb/devote...to...把...献给...，把...用于.../ give birth to/prefer...to.../fall to pieces崩溃、倒塌/to one's surprise(joy)/to the north of/ according to/thanks to...
注意：add to...增加，add ...to...把...加到...里，add up to... 加起来总和是...
His arrival added to our difficulties. Add 2 to 3 you'll get five. The number of the students added up to 53.
44.towards
1) 向...，走向... (不与be 连用） He was now walking towards the river. The young man seemed very nervous, and every few seconds he looked
towards the main entrance.
2) 快到某时 Towards the end of our crossing a terrible storm came up. Towards one o'clock they got here.
3) 对于Some people have the wrong attitude towards people with disabilities.
45.under在...之下 They are cooling themselves under the tree.
under 短语作表语，表主语状态 The road was under repair. The bridge is under construction.
注意： below 与under
under/below都可表数目少于... under 正下方，below 可表正下或偏下under 可与某物接触， below 不可
under 与表运动的动词连用：经过...下面，below 不可 The ship is sailing under the bridge.
46.up
1) 往上 He helped me to carry the suitcase up the stairs. The boat sailed up the river.
2) 在上面的...地方 They built the power station a mile up the hill. The house stands half way up the mountain.
47.upon 在...上面 She placed the plates upon the table. 短语： look down upon/look upon(on) sb as...把...看做.../once upon a time
48.with 和、同、与 He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. Knowledge begins with practice. 知识源于实践
注：with/by 1) 表有形的手段，用某种具体工具时用with，by 表无形的手段、抽象的方法
He got what he wanted with flowers. He got what he wanted by talking cleverly.
2) 在被动句中，by 引出行为者或手段，with 表使用的工具 He was killed by a heavy stone. He was killed with a heave stone.
3) S若是无生命的，with \by 皆可Much of the country is covered by forests. Antarctica is covered with solid thick ice and snow.
4) 表原因，用with The poor woman was trembling with fear. His hands were rough with work.
with 有，戴/带（有）The man with dark glasses is her father.
with 短语作方式状语 In the north is Scotland, with its capital Edinburg. He went home with a heavy heart.
5)就... 来说（可将宾语译为主语） Everything was going well with us. It's the same with us students. How are things with you?
6)随着...(译法较灵活）
With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more wasted is produced. With these words, he walked out.
7)短语： along with（随同）/ together with/catch up with/keep up with跟上/go on with/neet with/have sth to do with.../help with/supply...with/keep in touch with/ compare...with/deal with/do with处理/connect with与...相连/have a word with sb/be busy with /be popular with sb
49.within
1)在...以内 It is within three miles of the station. The dictionary is within my reach.
2)在...时间内，不到...Within a few years of his death, black people across the country held important jobs in government.
50)without 不，没有 We must do it without delay. For four days he walked without taking any rest.
短语： without sth/without doing sth/go without在没...的情况下勉强应对四介词使用特例
下列情况表时间的短语作状语时，不用介词
1 以next 或last 开头的短语 We are meeting next Tuesday. He stayed with us last week.
2.以this 或that 开头的短语 What are you doing this evening. He was coming to give us a talk that very evening.
3.tomorrow或yesterday开头的短语(包括the day after tomorrow/before yesterday)
I've got to get up very early tomorrow morning. She had her operation the day before yesterday.
4. 以one,any,each,every,some,all开头的短语 Then one year, the rains
failed to come. You can come any day you like.
We'll meet some day. Plants grow well all the year round.
5. 以most 开头的短语 Most of the time, we eat fish. Most of the
students are international.
五）介词专练一
1. ____ the science exhibition, the art exhibition was also well designed. A.
Except B. Besides C. Beside D. Except for
2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch ____writing often. A. with B. on
C. by
D. from
3. Come and see me ____two or three days' time A. for B. after
C. in
D. during
4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan____the foot of the mountain. A. on B. at C. in D. to
5. The coffee shop is ____ the street. A. on B. across C. in
D. to
6. His grandfather has been ill ____the last year. A. for B. since
C. from
D. after
7. In this matter, I'm sorry that I have to side ____you. A. at B. to
C. against
D. with
8. We normally use the front entrance ____ the building but there is another entrance____to back. A. to, to B. at, at C. to, at D. of , in
9. The police have said that there is no connection____ the murders. A. in
B. for
C. on
D. between
10. To my horror, I saw,____my father's shoulder, a gorilla. A. on B. above C. over D. from
11. We offered him our congratulations____his passing the college entrance exams. A. at B. on C. for D. of
12. My first customer was a girl ____ a red dress. A. of B. with C. on D. in
13. How long have you lived here? A. After B. In C. From D. Since
14. All of us are called _____daily to make a great many personal decisions.
A. out
B. for
C. up
D. upon
15. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m.. So I have to be at the station____5:40 at the latest. A. until B. after C. by D. around
16. The man with a gun broke into the bank and helped himself ____a lot of money. A. for B. by C. to D. of
17. If you keep on, you'll succeed____. A. in time B. at one time C. at the same time D. on time
18. Don't all speak at once, one ____please. A. on time B. in time C. at a time D. at one times
19. Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronaut succeeded ____landing on the moon? A. when, on B. that,on C. when, in D. that , in
20. They invited me to see the play ____the opening night. A. at B. in C. for
D. on
21. ____production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
22. ____ most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late. A. Like B. As C. For D. To
23. I told him that I was surprised ____ his attitude towards his study. A. is
B. was
C. at
D. at was
24. The number of the employees has grown form 1,000 to 1,coo. This means it has risen ____20%. A. by B. at C. to D. with
25. Washington, a state in the United States, was named ____one of the greatest American presidents.
A. in honour of
B. instead of
C. in favour of
D. by means of
专练二
改错：1. I don't want to go not because being busy but because I enjoy being alone.
2. We were told that the medical examination would begin in the morning of March the twenty-ninth.
3. It is difficult to get used to sleep in a tent after having a soft and comfortable bed to lie on.
4. New books for history, science, cooking and gardening are very popular with some middle school graduates.
5. It is very cruel for him to beat such a little child like that.
6. On a hot summer day he telephoned to me three times to discuss the problem with me.
7. Going for a walk every day is a good way of keeping fit to a man who is often ill.
8. The boy ought to have gone to school that morning,but he slept at noon.
9. A man was pointing a handgun to a woman sitting in a chair and the woman was saying in a frightening voice.
10.When he left school at fourteen, he began to
train like an engineer at a factory in London.
11. But as his career developed, so did his interest in the arts and without his ddrawing talent came an interest in writing.
12. We practise for three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.
13. We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
14. They asked me a good many questions. In fact they are planning to visit China in next year.
15. My father was against the window so I could see his face turn white at the sight of the wild animal.
专练三
1. Everything is changing so fast these days, even young people find it difficult to ____the time.
A. get hold of
B. be covered with
C. get along with
D. keep up with
2. Many good books will be ____the new library.
A. added
B. added to
C. added up to
D. added up
3. In his speech he ____to the great help the school received from the government.
A. expressed
B. explained
C. referred
D. whispered
4. It's Sarah's birthday tomorrow. Will you ____ me in buying a present for her?
A. remember
B. attend
C. share
D. join
5. You'd better____ a doctor when you are sick.
A. send for
B. take up
C. look up
D. turn in
6. The taacher told us to ____ the book and answer some questions.
A. look through
B. look on
C. look into
D. look up
7. Don and Sherry ____ the mountains for their vacation.
A. called from
B. fled from
C. headed for
D. looked for
8. We were warned to ____out for strangers in the neighourhood.
A. look
B. run
C. call
D. set
9. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight, so I must be ready then.
A. call for
B. call in
C. call on
D. call up
10. You'd better____ your books after reading them.
A. put up
B. put on
C. put down
D. put away
专练四
1. Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard.____, you failed.
A. In the end
B. After all
C. In other words
D. At the same time.
2.The number of the employees has grown form 1,000to 1,200.This means it
has risen ____20 percent.
A. by
B. at
C. to
D. with
3. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
4. The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.
A. form
B. in
C. of
D. at
5.--You are so lucky.。