公共英语三级精讲unit1-10

公共英语3级精讲班第1讲讲义公共英语三级概述与试卷构成的分析

一. 公共英语三级考试

1. 全国公共英语考试（PETS）概述

公共英语等级考试体系(Public English Testing System)是面对全社会开放的，非学历性的英语等级考试，共有五个级别，不论考生的年龄、职业、学历背景, 学习者只要有一定的英语基础，都可以选择合适报考的级别，参加考试。公共英语考试是全面考察考生英语听、说、读、写能力的水平考试，并且逐步与有关的考试、升学、出国留学联系起来。

2. 公共英语三级概述

该级是全国英语等级考试五个级别的中间级，其标准相当与我国学生普通高中毕业后在大专院校学习了公共英语或自学了同等程度英语课程的水平。

通过该考试的考生，其英语已达到高等教育自学考试非英语专业本科毕业水平或符合普通高校非英语专业本科毕业的要求，基本符合企事业单位行政秘书、经理助理、一般管理人员或科技工作者、外企职员的工作要求。以及同层次其它工作在对外交往中的基本需要

3.公共英语三级考试介绍

笔试试卷（120分钟）分四部分：听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。总分为100分，60分及格。

口试试卷（10分钟）分三节考查考生的口语交际能力。总分5分，3分及格。

笔试部分

（一）听力（25分钟）

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。

A节（10题）：考查考生理解事实性信息的能力。要求考生根据所听到的10段简短对话，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。只放一遍录音，每题有15秒答题时间。

B节（15题）：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。要求考生根据所听到的4段对话或独白从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。只放一遍录音，每题有20秒答题时间。

（二）英语知识运用(15 分钟)

该部分考查考生对语法结构、词汇知识和表达方式的掌握情况。

共20小题。在一篇200－250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。其中有13－15道题考查词汇和表达方式，5－7道题考查语法结构。

该部分所需时间约为15分钟。

（三）阅读理解（40 分钟）

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

A节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。要求考生根据所提供的3篇文章的内容（平均长度为350词左右）从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。

B节（5题）：考查考生理解文章（约长350词）的主旨的能力。考生须从七个选项中排除两个干扰项，将正确的概述与五段文字逐一搭配成对。

该部分所需时间约为40分钟。

（四）写作（40 分钟）

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。

A节：考生根据所给情景（英/中文）写出约100词的简单信件（标点符号不计算在内）。

B节：考生根据所给情景（英文），写出一篇不少于120词的文章（标点符号不计算在内）。提供情景的形式有

图画、图表、文字等。

该部分所需时间约为40分钟。

口试部分

口试分A、B、C三节，测试考生用英语进行口头交际的能力。

每次口试采取两名口试教师和两名考生的形式。一名口试教师(accessor)不参与交谈，专门评分；另一名口试教师(interlocutor)主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分。

A节：考查考生提供个人信息、回答有关他们日常生活、家乡、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力。（3分钟）B节：考查考生就信息卡上的图片或文字讨论有关问题的能力。（3分钟）

C节：要求考生就信息卡上的图片或文字作简短描述，之后与另一考生就同一话题阐述个人观点。（4分钟）

试卷的题量、采分点与分数权重

考生得到的笔试成绩为各部分所得原始分分别经过加权处理后的分数的总和。如：

某考生听力部分原始得分为20分，经加权处理后的分数为24分（20÷25×30=24分）

其英语知识运用原始得分为15分，经加权处理后的分数为11.3分（15÷20×15≈11.3分）其阅读理解部分原始得分为25分，经加权处理后的分数为21.4分（25÷35×30≈21.4分）

其写作部分原始得分为18分，经加权处理后的分数为15分（18÷30×25 =15分）

该考生未经加权的原始总分为78分，各部分经加权后的总分为71.1≈72分

环球英语在线公共英语三级课程安排

环球教育在线根据公共英语三级考试大纲和教材的要求，提供了三十讲课文同步辅导和两套模拟试卷，共三十二讲。前三十讲中我们将会对课文的听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作以及口语要点进行讲解，使同学们在听说读写等方面得到提高。后两讲我们将对考试的试题进行分析，帮助同学们掌握公共英语三级考试的应试技巧，帮助同学们顺利通过考试。

课程用书（最新版本）

我们采用《全国公共英语等级考试标准教程》第三级高等教育出版社2006年6月第1版第1次印刷

Dialogues 1.

Greeting and Introduction

Dialogues 1.

Malenie Sanders brings out her photo album to show her new Egyptian friend, Layth, pictures of the family. Background knowledge:

1. extended family and nuclear family

Extended family(traditional family): the family usually includes grandparents, parents and children living under the same roof 大家庭

Nuclear family(modern family): the family only consists parents and children核心家庭

2. the Depression: the Great Depression 经济大萧条

（1930-1940）It refers to the difficult period before World War Ⅱ in the United States. Many families faced serious financial or money problems in this period.

Language points:

1. Who’s that holding the hand of a boy

Who’s that girl holding the stick?

The one wearing funny hat is my little brother.

现在分词短语作后置定语表伴随

2. His hat is really out of date.

out of date: no longer fashionable 不再流行的，过时的

. This kind of hair style is out of date.

out-of-date (作定语) 不再流行的，过时的

out-of-date hairstyle/ dress/ ideas/ songs/magazines

up to date: fashionable 流行的

This kind of hair style is up to date.

up-to-date (作定语) 流行的

up-to-date hairstyle/ dress/ ideas/ songs/magazines

3. He’s wearing boots, because shoes were out of stock. out of stock: not available 没有存货

.The book is out of stock.

in stock: available有存货

The book is in stock.

4. He really has an outgoing personality.

outgoing personality: 外向的个性

outgoing: friendly and sociable 友好的、好交际的、外向的extroverted,外向的

ntroverted, reserved, 内向的

5. He really know how to bring a person out.

ring sb out：cause sb to lose shyness 使某人克服害羞心理He really knows how to bring a person out.

She’s nice — but needs s lot of bringing out.

6. I wish I had his social skills.

wish 虚拟语气(与现在的情况相反从句用一般过去时，与过去的情况相反从句用过去完成时)

I wish I were rich.

She wished she had stayed at home

Dialogue 2

Dialogue 2

Mr. Irving, chairman of a new vocational school, is talking with Mrs. Sch midt, the school’s human resources manager, about qualities needed in their personnel.

Some words about people’s personalities:

The traits most necessary for interpersonal success: (noun) honesty诚实, dependability依靠性, tolerance容忍、宽容, cooperativeness竞争性, perseverance坚持不懈, vision有远见, competency有能力, fair-mindedness公正, punctuality准时

The traits for a desirable director: (adjective)

Humble谦卑的, diplomatic有外交手腕的, flexible灵活的, well-educated受过良好教育的, experienced有经验的, concerned关心别人的, generous慷慨的, skillful有技术的, The traits for practical leaders: (adjective)

Diligent勤奋的, modest谦虚的, clever聪明的, humble谦卑的

Language points:

1. According to psychological research, the traits most

necessary for interpersonal success are honesty. according to 根据、按照

According to English law, he is innocent.

According to the Bible, God created the earth in six days.

2. In addition to those general assets, our school seek

practical leaders who are skillful and diligent.

in addition to除---之外

In additional to his salary he earned 1000 dollars.

in addition添加、补充、此外

The river sustains many forms of wildlife; in addition, it gives the neighborhood children a good place to swim in.

3. We have done good work so far.

so far到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)

We haven’t heard from them so far.

Monologue One

Monologue about Mary, a store detective.

Mary was chosen as a detective because she didn’t look like a detective. This is a story about Mary’s experience. One day she captured a c well-dressed thief who stole three silk ties.

Language points:

1. Would you mind .letting me take a look in your

briefcase.

would you mind doing sth

The guest said that they wouldn’t mind having a little light music.

Would you mind opening the window?

Certainly not.

Sorry, you’d better ---.

2. She insist on having a look int o the man’s briefcase. insisit on doing sth

I insisit on your being there.

I insist that we (should) go there on foot.

insist, suggest, order, demand，propose, require, request, command, decide,等词后面的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气

I suggested that we (should) take part in the game.

I command that every should arrive here before 7 o’clock.

Monologue Two

Monologue about Jules Verne and his stories

He based his books on imagination, adventure and science. 1. Many of his attempt to look into the future were

surprising accurate.

look into调查、了解

We’ll look into this matter together.

They’ll look into that right away.

2. In all his books Jules Verne used his scientific

knowledge as well as his imagination in describing the future inventions.

as well as既------又------，除------之外(还)------

The child is lively as well as healthy.

He gave me money as well as advice.

Passage

The passage talk about the life of Oprah Winfrey’s life. What kind of the circumstances he was born in ? How did she study? What contributions she did to change the world since 1954.? She was a courageous, funny, compassionate, well-informed, dazzlingly curious person, as down-to-earth as loving as any human being the author have ever known..

1. Upon discovering books, the child delved into the

written word, turning out weekly book reports for her father.

1) Upon/on doing sth

Upon/on receiving the letter, I will write back to you.

Upon/on arriving home, they will give us a telephone call. 2) turn out生产、制造，最终变成

They concentrated their efforts on turning out more products of high quality.

The plan turned out failure.

3) delve into 钻研

2．She was watching the live broadcast of the Academy Award ceremony.

1) live broadcast

2) the Academy Awards学院奖，奥斯卡金像奖

3．That may also be partly due to the very special energy. due to: caused by sb/sth, because of sb/sth

The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.

His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.

The flight was cancelled due to the fog.

4.down to earth脚踏实地的

Exercise

Exercises:

Use of English

Words: relief 救济, senator 参议员，

1.make a deal 达成协议

https://www.360docs.net/doc/3d7388311.html,wmaker 与senator对应

6. obvious明显的, awkward尴尬的, incredible不可相信的, extraordinary不同寻常的，Senator 和Bono意见不一致，所以是尴尬的时刻

11. be willing to so sth 愿意做某事

12. long sessions with senators and meetings at the World Bank 应该是boring的事情

16. witnessed目击, approached靠近, accompanied伴随, warned警告

20. devote one’s life to do sth 全身心投入做某事

公共英语三级精讲2

Dialogue 1-4

Dialogue 1

A notable actor, is talking with Susan Grant, a reporter, about one aspect of his personality that appeals to his fans. Famous actors attracted many young people. The personality of stars can influence fans a lot. Movie stars should play an active role in influencing the young people. In this dialogue, John Travolta gives us an example. Background knowledge: 1. Broadway star百老汇明星

Broadway is the center of American dancing and singing.. It is located in Manhattan, New York. It has become the symbol of American Entertainment.

2. Make- A -Wish program.

Make a wish program is a kind of Charity program founded by some Charity Association. The people who need help make wishes and the association can help people to make their dreams come true.

Language points:

1.One aspect of his personality that appeals to his fans. appeal to吸引

If you want child to work hare you must appeal to their interests instead of their sense of duty.

One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that it appeals to many different people.

2.I don’t ever want to have the effect on a person that this person had on me.

have the effect on sth对---产生影响

What he learns in school has an important effect on his future work.

The new rulings gives effect to the special committee.

3. I was blown away by disappointment.

blow away 拒绝

He pretended not to see me and blow me away.

4. I took a few years to get over it.

get over

1）克服

They have got over their shortcomings and mistakes in their work.

2）从------中恢复过来

Have you got over your cold yet?

5. If you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up

for loss

1) be attached.依恋、爱慕、留恋某人某事w物

She was so attached to her home.

I’ve never seen two people so attached to each other.

2) set oneself up for loss 使某人不知如何是好、茫然、困惑. be at a loss 不知如何是好、茫然、困惑

It left him at a complete loss.

6. Thank you for giving me the inspiration to stick

around.

give me the inspiration to stick around给我坚持下去的灵感7. You have to feel you’re contributing to something. contribute to

1) 捐助

They contribute aid to the refugees.

2) 促成某事物

Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?

3) 投稿

He contributes to many magazines.

Dialogue 2

David Andrews, a successful business and an amateur pilot, is talking with Barbara Johnson from a news magazine, about his family.

He love his children and family very much. He thinks that every generation gets to proves on the dream of the last generation.

In this dialogue he gives us some information about what gives him the greatest personal happiness in his life. Background knowledge

Dairy Queen It is a chain shop in Western country that sells different kinds of ice-cream and cakes. It is very popular among the western kids.

Language Points:

1. amateur pilot业余飞行员

2. They’re everything to us, and we are secondary to

them.

be secondary to sb对某人来说是次要的

Such considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency.

3. We also do the regular staff.

the regular staff最普通的事、最寻常的事

4. In other words, every generation gets to improve on

the dream of the last generation.

in other words换句话说，也就是说

You say you took the book without his permission. In other words, you stole it.

Dialogue 3

Tom Lee, an established lawyer, is talking with Kate Jones, a reporter, about the impact of his childhood on his growth.

Tom Lee had a traumatic childhood. He has a loving mother and a alcoholic father. His mother and father influenced him a lot.

Language Points:

1. Tom Lee is talking with Kate Jones about the impact

of his childhood on his growth.

impact on (n)对------产生巨大的影响

Her speech made a tremendous impact on everyone. (n.) impact on (v)对------产生巨大的影响

His alcoholic father impacted a lot on him.

2. A lot of what I ultimately defined myself to be was a

reaction against that.

define sb to do sth 限定某人做某事

3. He was never abusive with me or my sisters.

be abusive with sb辱骂某人

He was abusive with the person who wasted the water.

4. a tool pusher工具推销员

5. drill bits钻头

6. all of a sudden突然

7. He was admitted to the University of Oklahoma.

be admitted to do sth被------所接纳

He was admitted to the school this year.

admit sb to do sth

We admitted him to go into our room.

8. I did, but it came with a price.

come with a price 为某事付出代价

Dialogue 4

Phillip McGraw, a famous talk-show host, is talking with Laura Yorke, a reporter, about his work and family.

In this dialogue McGraw gives us some information about how to have a good family.

Background Knowledge

1. talk show host脱口秀节目主持人

talk show; a kind of very popular conversation program. Language Points:

1. What do you mean by that?

What do you mean by --- ? 你这么说什么意思？

What do you mean by slamming the door?

2. Everybody at some point is going to have

misfortune.

at some point : sometimes有时候

He at some point writes to me. At some time I go by bus.

3. But I think that 50 percent of the solution to any

problem lies in defining it first.

lie in在于

The problem lies in that we can not understand what they want to know.

4. I can be emotional compass that points them down

the path.

1) emotional compass 感情上的指南针

2) point --- down给某人指路

5. The real work will start when they walk off the

stage.

walk off the stage走下台、离开屏幕

6. I understand you and Robin and your two sons are an incredibly tight-knit family.

incredibly tight-knit family难得的/不常见的关系紧密的家庭

7. They don’t wind up living in a divorce situation.

wind up 终于到达某处，

We eventually wound up staying in a little hotel by the sea. We always said he would wind up in jail.

8. If Robin and I fell off the world tomorrow, would our boys be equipped to manage their lives?

1) fall off the world离开这个世界，去世

2) be equipped to do sth装备

The solders were well equipped with weapons

Passage:

Background knowledge:

1. Annan, the former U.N Secretary-General

African born; European and American educated; with decades of services in the U.N. system; Married to a European; possessing a quiet charisma and calm authority as chaos arises.

He is really an extraordinary person. The passage is about his experience and his personalities.

1. U.N. Secretary General联合国秘书长

2. career international civil servant职业国际公务员Language points

1. Annan, the career international civil servant who had participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them.

participate in 参加

How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games?

2. Given the constraints the U.N. system place on them, one can not use the word power.

Given: （prep）taking sth into account 考虑到某事物Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor.

Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.

Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.

3.His task id not finished, and the U.N. is still far from what it should be.

far from sth远非、几乎与之相反、毫不

The problem is far from easy, it is in fact very difficult.

Your account is far from true.

4. When Annan takes positions in public that are displeasing to the Bush Administration, it unleashes its attack dogs.

take position 就职

5. Some observers told Annan that he should not help the U.S. out of its jam.

help --- out of its jam帮助---摆脱困境

be/get in a jam陷入困境6. The U.S. will hand over control to Iraqi authorities. hand over：transfer( a position of authority or power) to sb 把（权力）移交给某人

I am resigning as chairman and handing over to my deputy. They will hand over power to an elected government.

7. Whether Annan, or anyone else, can succeed in Iraq will be determined by factors way beyond his or anyone else’s, ability to control.

succeed in sth/ doing sth 成功做某事

8. Anyone who knows him knows he wades into such problems with his usual blend of courage, self-control, modesty and optimism.

wade into: attack sb/sth vigorously 猛烈抨击某人/某物

She waded straight into her critics with her opening remarks.

Exercises

Exercises:

Passage 1:

1. 第一段最后一句“The house take second place w hile I put the studying first”.

2. 第二段最后一句“I was enjoying the money and the freedom so I turned it down.”

3. 第三段“ I’m feeling tired more often ----- one credit a year, so it’ll take six years.

4. 第四段“I know I haven’t got the facility for essay construction --- I feel more emotionally than I do mentally.

5. 第五段第一句“Whiling claiming to be ordinary and lazy”.

Passage 2:

6.最后一段第一句“Mandela seems destined to become the president”.

7.第二段“His tireless campaigning ---- multi-racial South Africa.

8.A.第三段第一句“in the four years since he emerged from prison”. B. 最后一段第一句“Tall and dignified” C. 第二段“win him a Nobel Peace prize” D 是说treated like a pop star 而并非一个真正的“star”.

9. 文章第三段A、B、C的内容都能找到出处。

10. 最后一段最后一句“since tge 1940s, when he emerged as an energetic young ----and social scenes

虚拟语气Ⅰ

概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

1. 真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。

时态关系

句型：条件从句主句

一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A.will rain

B. rains

C. rained

D. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

2. 非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a.同现在事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时should( would) +动词原形If they were here, they would help you.

b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.

含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c.表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

3. 混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

4. 虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。

If I were you, I would go to look for him.

如果我是你，就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.

如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were I

B. I were

C. Were I

D. Was I

答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说Weren't I to do. 精讲3

Dialogues 1

Clyde and Harry are friends. They are talking work and family.

Nowadays it is difficult for people to handle family and work very well. The dialogues is between two friends Clyde and Harry. They are talking about how to keep the balance with the family and work.

Language points:

1. I’ve taken over as ch ief consultant for all of our East Coast offices.

1) take over接收、接管、接任

When she fell ill, her daughter took over the business for her. The firm has been taken over by an American corporation. 2) chief consultant首席顾问

2. I took on so much work that I hardly have time for my own family.

take on 承担某事

He took on great responsibilities when she was promoted. Don’t take on more than you can cope with.

3. To be honest with you, Clyde, she isn’t pleased at all.

to be honest with sb对你说实话

4. You’re in the same spo t I was in.

in the same spot 我们情况相同

in the same boat

5. I decided a change of plans was called for.

call for要求、需要

The invitation does not call for an answer.

Success in school call for much hard work.

6. I began coming straight home from work to help her out.

help sb out帮助某人摆脱困境

7. I don’t think we men spend enough time with our kids.

spend --- with sb和某人度过------的时光

spend --- (in) doing sth花时间、金钱做某事

spend --- on sth在某事、某物上花时间、金钱

8. I just took it for granted that a wife was supposed to take care of her kids and husband.

1) take sth for granted认为某事是理所当然的

2) be supposed to do sth被期望或被要求（按规则、惯例）做某事

Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?

You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday.

9. I’d better take that back and give her a hand.

1) take sth back收回某人所说的话

2) give sb a hand帮助某人

10. take one’s time别着急、慢慢来

Dialogue 2

It is inevitable that husband and wife sometimes quarrel with each other. The important thing is how can we forgive each other and try their best to have a harmonious life. Frank is talking with his wife Elieen in the living-room. Language points:

1. Please put you cigarette out.

put sth out熄灭

2. You bet!的确，当然（口语）

“Are you going to the match?” “You bet.”

3. I am putting forth a lot of effort to make this

tablecloth.

put forth a lot of effort to do sth努力做某事

I am putting forth a lot of effort to make my dream come true.

4. I can’t put up with your constant criticism anymore. put up with容忍

5. Please don’t put me down anymore.

put sb down让某人失望Y ou should study hard. Don’t put your parents down again. 6. I’ll take a shower and put on my best dress.

take a shower洗淋浴

7. They put me in the mood for Italian food.

put sb in the mood for sth使某人有情绪做某事

Dialogue 3

Tami is paying a short visit to Jennifer, her mother-in-law. In this dialogue, David and Tami are going to a formal dinner. Jennifer gives them some suggestions on which dress to wear and want to help them to baby-sit the child voluntarily.

1. I’m glad you did! Come on in!

come on

1）请，来吧，快点

Come on, go with us to the movie.

You go first, I’ll come on immediately.

2）开始，来临

The last show will be coming on in a few minutes.

3）出场，上演

People clapped and shouted and made her come on again and again.

2. How are things going?事情进展的怎么样？（见面时

常用的问候语）

3. Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress. go with

1）和某人一起

I’ll go with you.

2）和------搭配

Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress.

4. He always goes beyond my expectations.

go beyond my expectation超越某人的想象

5. The kids can’t go along with you.

go along with sb和某人一起

Dialogue 4

Larry and Deb are talking about their expenses in the living-room. To have a good family we should make end meet and be careful about the money.

1. Haven’t I been telling y ou that we can barely make

ends meet?

make ends meet：earn enough money to live without getting into debt 收支相抵

Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet.

2. Everything I say goes in one ear and out he other. go in one ear and out the other：be heard but either ignored or quickly forgotten当作耳旁风

3. I’ve been trying to cut down on our expenses lately. cut down消减，渐少，降低

We might cut the book down to a little over hundred pages. I’m try to cut down m y smoking, not with very much success, I’m afraid.

4. I’ve been keeping track of all of our phone bills. keep track of通晓事态，注意动向

keep track of the current events.

5. The local usage charge comes to $ 18.50.

come to

1) 苏醒

The doctor applied some medicine and he began to come to.

2) 共计，达到，等于

How much does your bill come to?

His earnings come to $ 6000 a year.

6. I’ll have to call them and have tham straighten it out. straighten sth out: remove the doubt or ignorance in sb’s mind 某人消除疑虑，给某人解释清楚You’re rather muddled about office procedures but I’ll soon straighten you out.

Passage

After the World Trade Center fell down, people do not dare to live in the tall building again. People do not want to be live in the tallest anything, anywhere, anymore. Several years later, despite fears of terrorists, big is beautiful again. Without the skyscrapers, the skyline have got a little dull. With some work, the world’s architects might bring them back to a very tall standard.

Background knowledge;

1. the World Trade Center世贸中心

It was once the tallest building in the world. It was attacked by terrorists on Sep. 11, 2001.

2. the Empire State Building帝国大厦

It is also a famous skyscraper in New York city.

Language Points:

1. In the months that followed, six of its commercial tenants ran off.

run off溜走，逃走

The treasurer has run off with the club’s funds.

2. Vice President Dick Cheney was still being shuttled around to undisclosed locations.

shuttle around to 穿梭般的往返移动

3. New Skyscraper projects are under way once more elsewhere in the city and around the U.S.

be under way ：having started and making progress 已经开始并进行着

The project is under way.

New skyscraper projects are under way once more.

4. The skyscraper has also been poking its head up in very different ways.

poke one’s head up抬头

They poke their head up to see whether they are in the room. Exercises:

Use of English (easy)

Words:

weekly allowance 每周的津贴、补助、零用钱

be inspired to do sth 被鼓励做某事

youth-oriented nation 年轻人为主导的民族

11. vacation spot 旅游景点

18. based on 以---为基础的

20. be reserved to 给某人预定的，turn to向---寻求帮助, point to指向某人、某事, devote to集中精力做某事

虚拟语气Ⅱ

1. 特殊的虚拟语气

1）It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。

句型：

(1)suggested

It is(2)important that…+ (should) do

(3) a pity

(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted；+ (should) do

(2)important, necessary, natural, strange

a pity, a shame,no wonder

(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.

2）在宾语从句中的应用

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

判断改错:

（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

(对)I insisted that you were wrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

2. wish的用法

1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：

真实状况wish后

从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时

（be的过去式为were）

从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）

将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +

动词原形

I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。

He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。

I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）Wish to do表达法。

Wish sb / sth to do

I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.

I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)

3. It is high time that

It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

It is time that the children went to bed.

It is high time that the children should go to bed.

精讲4

Dialogues 1

Mary is buying some books in a bookstore. Mary wants to find some books for her kids and their cousins. Background knowledge:

Names of the books

A Cool Drink of Water : the universal importance of clean drinking water

Recycle Every Day: the story of a smart family of rabbits that wisely reuses resources

The Story of Rachel Carson : a picture –book of life story of Rachel Carson

If the World Were a Village: about language, religions and food from around the world Plants on the Trail With Lewis and Clark: about plant identification

Golfing Giant: how to become a golf expert

Language points:

1. Conservation-themed ones would be approved of. 我

想要以环境保护为主题的书籍。

1) conservation-themed 以森林、水源、古老建筑保护为主题的

2) be approved of 被-----所赞成，同意

His plan was approved of by the authorities.

approve of赞成，同意

Her father will never approve of her marrying such a poor man.

2. He is famous for vigorously opposing the use of

chemicals to kill pests.

他以强有力的反对使用化学药品杀灭害虫而闻名。

be famous for sth/doing sth

3. Would you please pay at the cashier counter over there while I wrap these books for you?

cashier counter收银台

Dialogue 2

Chen, a visiting scholar from China, and his American landlady Sally are talking about an article in Nature. Background knowledge:

1 Major causes for tropical biodiversity crisis: 热带生物多样性危机的原因

Deforestation砍伐森林, illegal logging非法伐木, hunting打猎,

2.Nature

A famous magazine which is always about the environment, the animals.

Language points:

1. According to a new study by some Singaporean

scientists, by the end of this century, up to 42 percent of animal species in Southeast Asia could become

extinct.

根据新加坡科学家的新的研究，到本世纪末东南亚百分之四十二的动物将会灭绝。

1) according to 根据、按照（用法见Unit 1）

2) up to sth作为最大数量，多达

I can take up to four people in my car.

2. How did they figure out? 他们是如何计算出的？

figure sth out

1) come to understand sth by thinking理解某人、某事物，弄明白

I can’t figure out wh y he quit his job.

2) discover sth by using arithmatic演算出，计算出

Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost?

3. But isn’t better to realize what’s wrong and start to

do something than to remain ignorant of the problem and let the situation stay?

但是认识到错误并开始采取措施比对错误一无所知任由态势发展下去不是要好的多吗？

let --- stay让某人某事处于某种状态

Dialogue 3

Robin, a Greenpeace activist, is talking about a U.S. –Europeans joint effort to develop hydrogen-powered fuel cells with his wife Barbara, a journalist.

Background knowledge

1. hydrogen-powered fuel cell氢动力的燃料电池

2. a green approach 环保的方法

Language point:

1. America and Europe will pool research into

hydrogen-powered fuel cell? 美国和欧洲都将向氢动力燃料电池投资吗？

pool: put (money, resources) into a common fund 向---提供

金钱、资源等

They pooled their savings and bought a house in the country. If we pool out ideas, we may find a solution. (fig.)

2. But does it have anything to do with the progress of

the project?

这与项目的进展有关吗？

have something to do sth与某事有关系

have nothing to do with与某事无关

3. That means making use of renewable resources for

the task, say wind and solar resources.

那意味这为这个项目使用新的能源，即风能与太阳能。say: suppose sth as an example or a possibility 假定、比如说You should learn to play chess in, say, three months.

Let’s take any writer for exampl e, say, Dickens.

Say you have an accident: who would look after you.

4. By contrast, the United Stated appears more than

willing to use supplies of fossile fuels, such as coal or

natural gas.

与之相对比，美国看起来更愿意使用一些矿物燃料，比如说炭或者天然气。

by contrast:

5. W hat’s more, it also favors employing nuclear

power.

另外，他也想使用原子能。

What’s more

6. Do you mean the Americans have the final say in making

a choice?

你是说美国人有最后做选择的权利吗？

have the final say in doing sth 有最后做某事的权利Monologue

Listen to the following news about a dispute over the effects of the 9/11 incident on the environment. Background knowledge:

The U.S Environment Protection Agency （EPA）美国环境保护委员

Language points:

1. Christine Todd Whiteman is in the hot seat over her

role in the downplaying of the health dangers for New York City residents after 9/11.

因为在9.11事件后对纽约市民的危险轻描淡写而处境艰难。

in the hot seat处境非常艰难

2. Jerrold Nadler accuses the administration of

covering up a potential health danger in order to get

the economy up and running,

起诉当局为了使经济增长而掩盖了潜在的健康危险。

1) accuse sb of sth 因为某事而起诉某人

They accuse him of cheating and theft.

charge sb with sth

They charged him with cheating and theft.

2) get the economy up 使经济增长

3. Whiteman says that she did not object when the

White House edited out cautionary notes by EPA

scientists.

怀特曼说她不反对白宫删掉美国环境保护委员会科学家的警告性的词语。

edit out：remove unwanted words, phrases, from a book or script在编辑的过程中删除手稿、书等中的不必要的词语They must have edited bits of the interview out.

4. Hillary Clinton is calling for an investigation, saying

somebody surely leaned on the EPA to lie, which

Whiteman strongly denied. 希勒瑞·克林顿主张进行调查，认为肯定有人依靠美国环境保护委员会撒谎，为此怀特曼坚决反对。

1) call for 要求、需求或需要某事物

The situation calls for prompt action.

2) lean on sb/sth 依靠某人、某物

lean on others for guidance

lean on his friends’advice

Passage:

Talk about the serious indoor air pollution in Asia. Nongovernmental organizations engaged in the fight against indoor air pollution. Prospect of the fight against indoor air pollution.

Background Knowledge

1. carbon monoxide 一氧化碳

2. noxious fumes 有毒气体

3. World health Organization (WHO) 世界卫生组织

4. NGO (nongovernmental organization) 非官方组织、民间组织

1. Shell Foundation 夏尔基金

Language points:

1.When it comes to air pollution, the simple life isn’t necessarily the safest.

当谈到空气污染的时候，最简单的生活并不一定是最安全的

come to 谈到、谈及

When comes to physics, I totally know nothing at all.

1. This is a problem that has been around forever, as

long as humankind has exited.

只要人类存在，这个问题就永远存在。

as long as只要

As long as you are happy, i t doesn’t matter what you do.

Stay as long as you like.

2. Villagers have no choice but to use wood, coal, or

dung fires.

村民们除了使用木头、炭和粪肥燃料外别无选择。

have no choice but to 除此之外别无选择

I’m afraid you have no choice but to come along with us.

3. The women who typically keep their home fires

burning are vulnerable to chronic respiratory diseases. 家里使用火的妇女容易的慢性呼吸系统疾病。

chronic respiratory disease慢性呼吸系统疾病

4. In Indian, for example, some 33 million stoves were

given out free to villagers in rural areas from 1984 to

2000.

比如在印度，从1984年到2000年33，000，000个炉子被免费发放到乡村地区的村民手中。

give out

1) 分发某物

The teacher gave out the exam papers.

2) 散发

The radiator is giving out a lot of heat.

5. follow-up maintenance 下面的，紧跟着的维护

6. Program manager Karen Westley says Shell and its

partner NGOs made an effort to sell their customers

not just more efficient tools but also the idea that

different is better.

项目经历凯任·威斯利说夏尔基金和他的搭档应该不仅仅

给顾客提供炉子，还应该向他们宣传新式炉子对他们的身体更有益这一观点。

1) not only--- but also不仅--- 而且---

He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read.

2) make an effort to do sth努力做某事

8. You have to make sure that people actually want that damn thing. 你必须要确定人们真正需要这东西。

damn : adj. expressing disapproval, anger, impatience, etc. 表示不满，愤怒

Where’s that damn book?

My damn car has broken down!

Exercises:

Reading Comprehension:

Passage 1

1. from the whole passage

2. 第二段最后一句“However, the land itself is gradually becoming worn out s it is being used, in some case, too heavily, and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance.”。

3. 第三段第一句“Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts”。

4. from the whole passage

5. 最后一段倒数第二句“Advertising ha s helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we nether want nor need, but also to throw way much of what we do buy”。

Passage 2

6. 第一段最后一句“ However, some climate changes are caused by air pollution and these changes may increase”。

7. 第二段第三句“But it has an important function in maintaining the balance between radiation from the sun entering the atmosphere and radiation leaving the earth”。

8. 第三段“If the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ---- parts of the earth would be f looded”。

9. 第四段“There is also a fairly strong possibility --- the temperature will fall”。

10. 文章二、三、四、五分别以“If ----, If ---, there is ---, Another danger --- ”分别提出几个假设，全文都在暗示污染将会影响地球的气候。

情态动词

1 情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

2. must表推测

1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。

2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.

你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：

He must be staying there.

他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.

他必须呆在那。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it. 5) 否定推测用can't。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

3. 表推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.

2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.

明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet. It must have rained last night.

地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have been looking for you.

你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。

4. 情态动词+ have + 过去分词

1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth

表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth

本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）

ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4) needn't have done sth本没必要做某事

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

5. should和ought to

should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。

---Ought he to go?

---Yes. I think he ought to.

表示要求，命令时，语气由should（应该）、had better 最好）、must（必须）渐强。

精讲5

Dialogue :

Matt Taylor is talking with one of his viewers about his job as a television weather forecaster

Language points:

1. weather forecaster 天气预报员

2. I joined the BBC Weather Centre in June 1992 and

did my first live broadcast about six months later.

我1992年进入BBC天气预报中心，六个月以后进行我第一次的现场播报。

live: transmitted while actually happening, not recorded or edited.

live football game

a live recording made at the concert

3. I am passionate about the weather. 我对天气非常有

热情。

be passionate about 对某方面有热情

4. I do exercises to calm myself down 多做一些练习使自己镇静下来。

calm down

5. It’s important to know what elements of the forecast

are subject to error.

知道预报的哪部分容易出错是重要的。

be subject to : often having, suffering or undergoing sth; liable to sth 常有、常患或遭受某事物、倾向某事物

Are you subject to colds?

Trains are subject to delay after the heavy snowfalls.

The timetable is subject to alternation.

Monologue 1:

This is a summary of the BBC live broadcast by Jay Wynne for the U.K. on September 16th, 2004

1. Overnight into the 16th September 2004 we saw the winds strengthen over the northwest of the U.K. Those mighty winds pulled in a bank of cloud and some patchy rain through the small hours and into the first part of the morning.

2004年9月16日英国西北部风力加强，风带来了大片的云彩，早晨上半时有短时零星小雨。

a bank of cloud: flat topped mass of cloud, snow, etc, formed by the wind 顶部平坦的云堆，雪堆等（主要是由风构成的）The sun went behind a bank of clouds.

2. For the bulk of the day, England and Wales were

dry and bright with the early sunshine giving way to a bit more cloud through the afternoon as the winds

picked up a little.

一天的大部分时间，英格兰与威尔士天气晴朗阳光充沛，下午多云有风。

the bulk of main part of sth 某事物的大部分

The bulk of the work has been done.

The eldest son inherited the bulk of the estate.

3. Most places had a fine day with some sunshine with

Norfolk seeing the lion’s share with 11 full hours

worth.

大多数地区都有阳光充沛的好天气，诺福得地区天气最好，一天有11个小时的阳光。

1）the lion’s share 得到最好的一份

2）worth: the amount of sth that will last for a specified length of time 某物能持续某段时间的量

a day’s worth of fuel 能用一天的燃料

two week s’ worth of supplies 能维持两个星期的供应品

4. Through the evening the rain cleared away from

Northern Ireland and most of Scotland and the winds

began to ease.

夜晚北爱尔兰和苏格兰大部的雨逐渐减小，风逐渐停止。1）clear away减小

2）ease 减轻

Monologue 2:

Helen Taylor is a radio weather forecast and the following is her summary of the weather conditions for the U.K. on Monday, the 13th of September 2004.

1. During the early hours a band of showery rain swept

across the U.K. and the clearing skies meant a cold

start to the day for Northern Ireland which saw

temperatures fall back to 6 Celsius.

上午瓢泼大雨席卷英国，北爱尔兰温度骤降到六摄氏度。

1) a band of showery rain

a band of 一群、一伙、一帮

2) sweep across: move quickly over an area 扫过，掠过

The fire swept rapidly across the wooded countryside.

2. However it did leave behind a legacy of blustery

showers.

然而它留下了大风与暴雨。

1）leave behind 留下

2）a legacy of blustery showers

a legacy of 先人或过去遗留下来的东西

Monologue 3:

The following is a news report about climate and economy.

1. Where the climate is too inhospitable to grow much

food. 这些地区天气不适合种许多的谷物。

be inhospitable to 不适合的，不好客的

It is inhospitable of you not to offer her a drink.

2. We hear about natural disasters and “acts of God”

which wipe out crops, sometimes entire harvests, and

cause millions of pounds of damage