语言学第四章课后练习

8、The following phrases include a head, a plement, and in some cases a specifier、Draw the appropriate tree structure for each phrases、

a、rich in minerals

AP

Rich in minerals

b、often read detective stories

VP

Qual V NP

A N

Often read detective stories

c、the argument against the proposals

NP

NP PP

Det N P NP

Det N

the argument against the proposals

d、already above the window

PP

Qual P NP

Det N

already above the window

9、The following sentences contain modifiers of various types、For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures、

a、A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution、

Infl P(S)

NP Infl VP

V NP PP

Det AP N None pst

Det N P NP

A

AP N

A

A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution

b、A huge moon hung in the black sky、

Infl P (s)

NP Infl VP

Det AP N V PP

P NP

A

Det AP N

A

A huge moon hung in the black sky

C、The man examined his car carefully yesterday、

Infl P(S)

NP infl VP

Det N pst V NP Adv Adv

Det N

The man examined his car carefully yesterday

d、A wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm、

Infl P (S)

NP Infl VP

Det AP N PP V PP

P NP P NP

Det N Det N

A wooden hut neat the lake collapsed in the storm

10、The following sentences all contain conjoined categories、Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences、

a、Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants、

InflP(=S)

NP ＶＰ

Aux V NP

N

Det A NP

N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants or

InflP(=S)

NP ＶＰ

Aux V NP

N

Det A NP

N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants b、Helen put on her clothes and went out、

InflP(=S)

NP VP

VP CON VP

VP NP V Adv

V P Det N

Helen put on her clothes and went out

OR

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

pst

VP CON VP

VP NP V Adv

V P Det N

Helen put on her clothes and went out

c、Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics、

InflP(=S)

NP VP

VP CON VP

N

VP NP VP NP

V A P N V A P N

Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics OR

InflP(=S)

Infl

NP VP

nonpst

VP CON VP

N

VP NP VP NP

V A P N V A P N

Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics

11、The following sentences all contain contain embedded clauses that function as plements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun、Draw a tree structure for each sentence、

a.You know that I hate war、

S

NP VP

N V CP

C S

NP VP

N

V NP

N

You know that I hate wat

OR

S

NP Infl VP