现在分词与独立结构
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现在分词用作状语与独立结构
• 下面三句哪句对那句错？ 下面三句哪句对那句错？ • Walking into the room, his steps woke me up. • Walking into the room, he woke me up with steps. • When he walked into the room, his steps woke me up. • 分词短语作状语，若它前面没有自己独立 分词短语作状语， 的逻辑上的主语，即它不是独立结构， 的逻辑上的主语，即它不是独立结构，其 逻辑主语通常是句子的主语
• Whistling the merry tune, Jack fixed the tire. 杰克一边吹着欢乐的小调，一边装着轮 胎。 • Hearing the noise, they immediately stopped talking. • Disguised as a merchant, he went into the town to scout. 装扮成商人，他进城去侦察。 • Being on an island, she was always within sight of the sea. 她住在岛上，所以总能看 到大海。
• Being sick, John’s wife did everything for him. (Is this sentence correct?) • 分词短语 being sick 用得不对。因为分词 作状语，其动作主体一般就是句子的主语。 现在这个句子的主语是John’s wife，而生病 的是John，所以不对。 • How to correct it? • Being sick, John had his wife do everything for him. • As John was sick, his wife did everything for him.
• ”分词独立结构“里的分词是 being 时，有时可以 省略. • The typhoon over, everything has returned to normal. (the typhoon being over) • Tools are of different types, each for a specific purpose. 工具有各种各样，每种都有其特定用途。 （each being for a specific purpose) • With the typhoon over, everything has returned to normal. (with the typhoon being over) • With so many people absent, we could not but cancel the meeting. 这么多人缺席，我们不得不 取消会议。（with so many people being absent)
• 2. 名词（代词） + 形容词 • The old man came into the hut, his nose red with cold. • The boy went into the hospital, his face pale with pain. • 3. 名词（代词） + 副词 • The class over, they ran to the playground. • 4. 名词（代词）+ 介词短语 • He went into the reading-room, book in hand.
• Being the largest continent, Asia has the most varieties in geography. Its landforms include large plateaus covered by desert and also such high mountains as the Himylayas, on which is Mr. Qomolangma,, the tallest peak in the world. • Varieties ( 品种）用得不对，应该用variations （变化）.但 has the most variations in geography 也不是最好，“变化多” 可用diverse 或 diversified 表示。 • is the most geographically diverse (diversified)
• 如果分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致， 分词的逻辑主语就必须明确地表示出来。 这种带逻辑主语的结构叫独立结构。 • Their homework done, the children went out to play. 作业做完后，孩子们就跑出去 玩了。 • Her sister having fallen ill, Helen had to look after her. • Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow
三度。
•
The airport attacked by a typhoon, a number fo flights have been cancelled.
• 2. “with+主语+现在分词/过去分词“ • With a typhoon attacking the airport, a number of flights have been cancelled. • With the airport attacked by a typhoon, a number of flights have been cancelled. • With its construction completed around 1,500 years ago, China’s Grand Canal is the oldest and longest man-made watereay in the world. 建成于约1500年前， 中国的大运河是世界上最古老、最长的人 工水道。
• 如果要保留”分词独立结构“， 可改成 如果要保留”分词独立结构“ • China being an ancient country, there were a number of important thinkers and scientists in her history.
• 亚洲是最大的洲，在地理上变化最多，其地貌包 括巨大的、由沙漠覆盖着的高原，也包括像喜马 拉雅山这样的高山，而喜马拉雅山上的珠穆朗玛 峰是世界上最高的山峰。 • Being the largest continent, Asia has the most varieties in geography. Its landforms include large plateaus covered by desert and also such high mountains as the Himylayas, on which is Mr. Qomolangma,, the tallest peak in the world.
• 还可改成 John being sick, his wife did everything for him. • 这里用上了 这里用上了John being sick 这个“分词独立结 这个“ 这种结构一般用在书面语里，口语里不用。 构”，这种结构一般用在书面语里，口语里不用。 • 那“分词独立结构”是什么结构？ 分词独立结构”是什么结构？ • 分词作状语，其动作主体一般就是句子的主语， 分词作状语，其动作主体一般就是句子的主语， 但有时这个分词可以带上自己的主语， 但有时这个分词可以带上自己的主语，构成一个 主语+分词 的特殊结构，叫分词独立结构， 分词” “主语 分词”的特殊结构，叫分词独立结构， 意义上相当于句子里的原因、条件、 意义上相当于句子里的原因、条件、伴随情况等 状语。 状语。
• China being an ancient country, she had a great number of important thinkers and scientists in her history. • 中国是一个古老的国家，它的历史上有过 许多重要的思想家和科学家。 • 这句话的语法，有没有错？
• 分词结构的形式有： • 1 “主语+现在分词/过去分词” • A typhoon attacking the airport, a number of flights have been cancelled. • The world is getting warmer, its yearly average temperature being two or three degrees higher than in the past. • 地球正在变暖，年平均温度比过去高二至
• Being the largest continent, Asia has the most varieties in geography. Its landforms include large plateaus covered by desert and also such high mountains as the Himylayas, on which is Mr. Qomolangma,, the tallest peak in the world. • Being 放在句首，往往带有”原因“之意。使人 理解”由于亚洲是最大的洲，所以…”,不如改用 “同位语结构” Asia, the largest continent, …
• John being sick • 主语 现在分词结构 • 句子： John being sick, his wife did everything for him attacking the airport • 又如 a typhoon • 主语 现在分词结构 • 句子： a typhoon attacking the airport, a number of flights have been cancelled. • 台风袭击机场，一批航班已被取消。 • The airport attacked by a typhoon, a number of flights have been cancelled. • 机场受台风袭击，一批航班已被取消。
独立结构
• 独立结构是由名词或代词与另一成分组成 的复合结构，主要用作Biblioteka Baidu语，相当于一个 从句。其形式有以下几种： • 1. 名词（代词） + 分词 • Autumn coming on ( = As autumn came on), the trees turned yellow. 秋天到了，树 叶黄了。 • The work done (=When the work had been done), they went home.
• China being an ancient country, she had a great number of important thinkers and scientists in her history. • ”分词独立结构“的主语应当不同于句子的 主语，现在分词独立结构China being an ancient country里的China，就是句子的主 语she, 所以不对。 How to correct it? • Being an ancient country, China had a great number of important thinkers and scientists in her history
• 下面三句哪句对那句错？ 下面三句哪句对那句错？ • Walking into the room, his steps woke me up. • Walking into the room, he woke me up with steps. • When he walked into the room, his steps woke me up. • 分词短语作状语，若它前面没有自己独立 分词短语作状语， 的逻辑上的主语，即它不是独立结构， 的逻辑上的主语，即它不是独立结构，其 逻辑主语通常是句子的主语
• Whistling the merry tune, Jack fixed the tire. 杰克一边吹着欢乐的小调，一边装着轮 胎。 • Hearing the noise, they immediately stopped talking. • Disguised as a merchant, he went into the town to scout. 装扮成商人，他进城去侦察。 • Being on an island, she was always within sight of the sea. 她住在岛上，所以总能看 到大海。
• Being sick, John’s wife did everything for him. (Is this sentence correct?) • 分词短语 being sick 用得不对。因为分词 作状语，其动作主体一般就是句子的主语。 现在这个句子的主语是John’s wife，而生病 的是John，所以不对。 • How to correct it? • Being sick, John had his wife do everything for him. • As John was sick, his wife did everything for him.
• ”分词独立结构“里的分词是 being 时，有时可以 省略. • The typhoon over, everything has returned to normal. (the typhoon being over) • Tools are of different types, each for a specific purpose. 工具有各种各样，每种都有其特定用途。 （each being for a specific purpose) • With the typhoon over, everything has returned to normal. (with the typhoon being over) • With so many people absent, we could not but cancel the meeting. 这么多人缺席，我们不得不 取消会议。（with so many people being absent)
• 2. 名词（代词） + 形容词 • The old man came into the hut, his nose red with cold. • The boy went into the hospital, his face pale with pain. • 3. 名词（代词） + 副词 • The class over, they ran to the playground. • 4. 名词（代词）+ 介词短语 • He went into the reading-room, book in hand.
• Being the largest continent, Asia has the most varieties in geography. Its landforms include large plateaus covered by desert and also such high mountains as the Himylayas, on which is Mr. Qomolangma,, the tallest peak in the world. • Varieties ( 品种）用得不对，应该用variations （变化）.但 has the most variations in geography 也不是最好，“变化多” 可用diverse 或 diversified 表示。 • is the most geographically diverse (diversified)
• 如果分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致， 分词的逻辑主语就必须明确地表示出来。 这种带逻辑主语的结构叫独立结构。 • Their homework done, the children went out to play. 作业做完后，孩子们就跑出去 玩了。 • Her sister having fallen ill, Helen had to look after her. • Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow
三度。
•
The airport attacked by a typhoon, a number fo flights have been cancelled.
• 2. “with+主语+现在分词/过去分词“ • With a typhoon attacking the airport, a number of flights have been cancelled. • With the airport attacked by a typhoon, a number of flights have been cancelled. • With its construction completed around 1,500 years ago, China’s Grand Canal is the oldest and longest man-made watereay in the world. 建成于约1500年前， 中国的大运河是世界上最古老、最长的人 工水道。
• 如果要保留”分词独立结构“， 可改成 如果要保留”分词独立结构“ • China being an ancient country, there were a number of important thinkers and scientists in her history.
• 亚洲是最大的洲，在地理上变化最多，其地貌包 括巨大的、由沙漠覆盖着的高原，也包括像喜马 拉雅山这样的高山，而喜马拉雅山上的珠穆朗玛 峰是世界上最高的山峰。 • Being the largest continent, Asia has the most varieties in geography. Its landforms include large plateaus covered by desert and also such high mountains as the Himylayas, on which is Mr. Qomolangma,, the tallest peak in the world.
• 还可改成 John being sick, his wife did everything for him. • 这里用上了 这里用上了John being sick 这个“分词独立结 这个“ 这种结构一般用在书面语里，口语里不用。 构”，这种结构一般用在书面语里，口语里不用。 • 那“分词独立结构”是什么结构？ 分词独立结构”是什么结构？ • 分词作状语，其动作主体一般就是句子的主语， 分词作状语，其动作主体一般就是句子的主语， 但有时这个分词可以带上自己的主语， 但有时这个分词可以带上自己的主语，构成一个 主语+分词 的特殊结构，叫分词独立结构， 分词” “主语 分词”的特殊结构，叫分词独立结构， 意义上相当于句子里的原因、条件、 意义上相当于句子里的原因、条件、伴随情况等 状语。 状语。
• China being an ancient country, she had a great number of important thinkers and scientists in her history. • 中国是一个古老的国家，它的历史上有过 许多重要的思想家和科学家。 • 这句话的语法，有没有错？
• 分词结构的形式有： • 1 “主语+现在分词/过去分词” • A typhoon attacking the airport, a number of flights have been cancelled. • The world is getting warmer, its yearly average temperature being two or three degrees higher than in the past. • 地球正在变暖，年平均温度比过去高二至
• Being the largest continent, Asia has the most varieties in geography. Its landforms include large plateaus covered by desert and also such high mountains as the Himylayas, on which is Mr. Qomolangma,, the tallest peak in the world. • Being 放在句首，往往带有”原因“之意。使人 理解”由于亚洲是最大的洲，所以…”,不如改用 “同位语结构” Asia, the largest continent, …
• John being sick • 主语 现在分词结构 • 句子： John being sick, his wife did everything for him attacking the airport • 又如 a typhoon • 主语 现在分词结构 • 句子： a typhoon attacking the airport, a number of flights have been cancelled. • 台风袭击机场，一批航班已被取消。 • The airport attacked by a typhoon, a number of flights have been cancelled. • 机场受台风袭击，一批航班已被取消。
独立结构
• 独立结构是由名词或代词与另一成分组成 的复合结构，主要用作Biblioteka Baidu语，相当于一个 从句。其形式有以下几种： • 1. 名词（代词） + 分词 • Autumn coming on ( = As autumn came on), the trees turned yellow. 秋天到了，树 叶黄了。 • The work done (=When the work had been done), they went home.
• China being an ancient country, she had a great number of important thinkers and scientists in her history. • ”分词独立结构“的主语应当不同于句子的 主语，现在分词独立结构China being an ancient country里的China，就是句子的主 语she, 所以不对。 How to correct it? • Being an ancient country, China had a great number of important thinkers and scientists in her history