溃疡性结肠炎的诊断
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03实验室和其他检查
①血液:血红蛋白降低反应贫血;白细胞数增加、血沉加快、及C反应蛋白增高均提 示UC进入活动期; ②粪便:肉眼观常有粘液脓血,显微镜有脓细胞和红细胞,急性发作期可见巨噬细胞。 应注意粪便病原学检查,排除感染性结肠炎。 ③自身抗体:外周血中性粒细胞胞质抗体可能为UC相对特异性抗体;
目录
CONTENTS
1 概念及病因 2 临床表现 3 实验室和其他检查
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02临床表现
1.腹泻和粘液脓 血便; 2.腹痛; 3。其他症状:可 有腹胀、食欲不 振、恶心、呕吐; 4.体征
1.发热; 2.营养不良
消化系统表现
全身反应
包括外周关节炎、 巩膜外层炎等其 他系统疾病,但 多在结肠炎控制 或切除后缓解
按其病程、程 度、范围及病 期进行综合分 型,包括临床 类型、临床严 重程度、病变 范围和病情分 期四个方面
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⑥病理学检查:
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肠外表现
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临床分型
03实验室和其他检查
主要包括血液、粪便、自身抗体、 结肠镜、X线钡剂灌肠
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03实验室和其他检查
④结肠镜:是本病诊断与鉴别诊断最重要的手段之一,UC呈连续性、弥漫性分布,从 直肠逆行扩展,内镜下黏膜改变主要有(1)黏膜血管水肿、充血、出血、脓性分泌附着,, (2)有弥漫性糜烂和多发性浅溃疡,(3)慢性病变常见粘膜粗糙、呈细颗粒状,炎性息肉 及桥状粘膜,在反复溃疡愈合、瘢痕形成过程中,结肠变形缩短、结肠袋变浅、变钝 或消失; ⑤X线钡剂灌肠:主要表现有粘膜粗乱和颗粒样改变,多发性浅溃疡,肠管缩短,结肠 袋消失,肠壁变硬,可呈铅管状。
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01概念与病因
溃疡性结肠炎是一种病因尚不十分清楚的结
肠和直肠慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,病变局限于 大肠黏膜及黏膜下层。病变多位于乙状结肠和直 肠,也可延伸至降结肠,甚至整个结肠。病程漫 长,常反复发作。本病见于任何年龄,但20~40 岁最多见。
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02临床表现
反复发作的腹泻、粘液脓血便及腹痛是UC 的主要临床症状。起病多为亚急性,少数急性 起病。病程呈慢性发作,发作与缓解交替,少 数症状持续并逐渐加重。
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溃疡性结肠炎的诊断
贾鹏飞
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Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
总结
具有持续或反复发作腹泻和粘液脓血便、 腹痛、里急后重,伴或不伴有不同程度全身症 状者,在排除其他相关疾病的基础上,具有结 肠镜检查重要改变中至少1项及粘膜活检组织 学所见可以诊断本病。
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