翻译课件6--正反译法
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▪ 在英汉互译过程中，由于两种语言表达习惯不同，往 往需要把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说，把英语中 的反说译成汉语中的正说，这样才能确切表达原意并 符合语言的规范。这种把正说处理为反说，把反说处 理为正说的译法，叫正反表达法。这种正说和反说的 相互转换是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法。它属于引申 和修辞范围。那么，什么是正说和反说呢？英语词句 中含有“never”，“no”，“not”，“non-”，“un-”， “im-”，“in-”，“ir-”，“-less”等成分以及汉语词句 中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、 “别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿” 等成分的为反说，不含有这些成分的为正说。
Purposes of Affirmation and Negation 1. to make the meaning clear, 2. to strengthen the rhetorical effect, 3. make it conform to the idiomatic use of the target language
译文：我昨夜几乎一夜没睡。我这次再也走不动了。
▪ 18）Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 译文：他衣服也不脱往床铺上横着一躺，很快就睡 着了。
名词
▪ 19）He was extremely sorry for the shortness of time．
形容词
▪ 12）The light in the classroom is poor. 译文：教室里的光线不足。
▪ 13）The explanation is pretty thin. 译文：这个解释站不住脚。
▪ 14）He was absent from his own country last year． 译文：他去年不在自己的国家。
▪ 4) Road Ahead Closed. ▪ 前方施工， 不准通行。
5） Admission By Invitation Only. 非请莫入。
▪ 6）The window refuses to open. 窗户打不开。
▪ 7）Children were excluded from getting in the building. 孩子不许进入这幢楼房。
▪ 15）At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof.
译文：目前，这个观点已被普遍接受，虽然它是不言 而喻的，并不是根据科学严密推理而证明的。
conclusions . 译文：上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。 ▪ 3）As a result, many people avoided the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. 译文：结果，很多人没有尝试，而这些尝试正是幸 福的源泉。
▪ 23）His answer is beside the mark.。 译文：他的回答文不对题。
▪ 24）I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 译文：我有一些信件没有及时答复。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
8. I couldn’t agree more with you.
我完全同意你的看法。
9. Just make yourself at home. 不要客气。/别见外
10. He was the last man to say such things.
▪ 译文：他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。 ▪ 20）Behave yourself during my absence. ▪ 译文：我不在时要规矩点。 ▪ 21) This failure was the making of him. ▪ 译文：这次不成功是他成功的基础。
介词
▪ 22）I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task． 译文：我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。
改译：In the United States, guns are available to everyone.
9. The darkness was thinning, but they were still in bed.
天渐渐有些亮了，但他们还在睡。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法 练习
thinking in the negation and expressing negative
implications. What is affirmative in form in EnБайду номын сангаасlish may
be implied something negative in Chinese, and vice versa.
并非外语院校的毕业生都分配去做翻译工作。
一、英译汉正说反译法---动词
▪ 1） Please remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.
▪ 飞机停稳前，请不要离开座位。 ▪ 2）The above facts insist on the following
3. spy film 反谍影片
4. After you, sir. 先生，您先请。
▪ 5. 路上辛苦了。 ▪ 原译：You must have had a tiring journey. ▪ 改译：Did you have a good trip? ▪ 6. Keep in lane! ▪ 不准换线！ ▪ 7. Keep off the lawn! ▪ 请勿践踏草地！（正说反译）
他绝不会说这样的话。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
B. Negation--Affirmation
1. Isn’t it funny! 真逗！
2. When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.”
[<]
1. I have failed to convince him of his error.
我没能说服他，让他知道自己的错误。
2. The teacher found some of the students absent.
老师发现有的学生不在。
3. His answer is beside the mark. 他的回答文不对题。
▪ 8）Such a chance denied me. 译文：我没有得到这个机会。（动词）
▪ 9）He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 译文：他75岁了，可是并不显老。 10）The plan as it leaves much to be desired． 译文：目前这样的方案大有不足之处。
[<]
C. Affirmation--Negation
4 .That’s a thing that might happen to any man. 原译：这样的事情可能发生在任何人身上。
改译：这种事情谁也难免。
5. His speech leaves much to be desired.
他的讲话很不如人意。
The use of “yes” and “no” is a case in point.
1. --“Are you not going tomorrow?”
--“No, I’m not going.”
2. “I don’t think you’re right in this point.”
定义
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
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Discussion: “你是人，你不是东西。你是东西吗？你真 不是东西！？我认为你不是东西。你算什么东西！”
Version: You’re a person, not a thing. Aren’t you a person/a thing? Are you reliable/ some-thing? No, I don’t think so./Yes, I think so. What a creature you are! What a fool you are! You are a sheer idiot. I think you are an idiot. I don’t think you are trustworthy. You, really, are nothing. You think you are something. No, far from it.
6. That fellow is far from being honest.
那家伙很不老实。
7. She refrained from laughing.
她忍住了，没有发笑。
8. All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work.
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
Affirmation and Negation (正说反译、反说正 译法)
The English language has its peculiarities in negation.
Of course, English-speaking people have their own way of
6. Appearances are deceptive.
外貌是靠不住的。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
D: The Shift of Perspectives (视角转换）
7 .Good winner, good loser.
胜不骄，败不馁。
8. 在美国，人人都能买到枪。
原译：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.
副词
▪ 16）He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children． 译文：他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。
▪ 17）I stayed awake almost the whole night．I'll be
here for good 永远 this time．
当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡 地说：“我们看过你的文章，但没想到你这么年轻。”
3. The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.
归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
4. They never see each other without talking about Super Girl's Voice. 他们每次见面总是先谈论超级女声。
5. The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower lever. 那里的县委不了解下情。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
A. Some Idiomatic Expressions
1. riot (raiət) police 防暴警察 (即anti-riot police，而不是暴乱的警察)
2. crisis law 反危机法案 (即anti-crisis law)
Purposes of Affirmation and Negation 1. to make the meaning clear, 2. to strengthen the rhetorical effect, 3. make it conform to the idiomatic use of the target language
译文：我昨夜几乎一夜没睡。我这次再也走不动了。
▪ 18）Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 译文：他衣服也不脱往床铺上横着一躺，很快就睡 着了。
名词
▪ 19）He was extremely sorry for the shortness of time．
形容词
▪ 12）The light in the classroom is poor. 译文：教室里的光线不足。
▪ 13）The explanation is pretty thin. 译文：这个解释站不住脚。
▪ 14）He was absent from his own country last year． 译文：他去年不在自己的国家。
▪ 4) Road Ahead Closed. ▪ 前方施工， 不准通行。
5） Admission By Invitation Only. 非请莫入。
▪ 6）The window refuses to open. 窗户打不开。
▪ 7）Children were excluded from getting in the building. 孩子不许进入这幢楼房。
▪ 15）At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof.
译文：目前，这个观点已被普遍接受，虽然它是不言 而喻的，并不是根据科学严密推理而证明的。
conclusions . 译文：上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。 ▪ 3）As a result, many people avoided the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. 译文：结果，很多人没有尝试，而这些尝试正是幸 福的源泉。
▪ 23）His answer is beside the mark.。 译文：他的回答文不对题。
▪ 24）I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 译文：我有一些信件没有及时答复。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
8. I couldn’t agree more with you.
我完全同意你的看法。
9. Just make yourself at home. 不要客气。/别见外
10. He was the last man to say such things.
▪ 译文：他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。 ▪ 20）Behave yourself during my absence. ▪ 译文：我不在时要规矩点。 ▪ 21) This failure was the making of him. ▪ 译文：这次不成功是他成功的基础。
介词
▪ 22）I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task． 译文：我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。
改译：In the United States, guns are available to everyone.
9. The darkness was thinning, but they were still in bed.
天渐渐有些亮了，但他们还在睡。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法 练习
thinking in the negation and expressing negative
implications. What is affirmative in form in EnБайду номын сангаасlish may
be implied something negative in Chinese, and vice versa.
并非外语院校的毕业生都分配去做翻译工作。
一、英译汉正说反译法---动词
▪ 1） Please remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.
▪ 飞机停稳前，请不要离开座位。 ▪ 2）The above facts insist on the following
3. spy film 反谍影片
4. After you, sir. 先生，您先请。
▪ 5. 路上辛苦了。 ▪ 原译：You must have had a tiring journey. ▪ 改译：Did you have a good trip? ▪ 6. Keep in lane! ▪ 不准换线！ ▪ 7. Keep off the lawn! ▪ 请勿践踏草地！（正说反译）
他绝不会说这样的话。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
B. Negation--Affirmation
1. Isn’t it funny! 真逗！
2. When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.”
[<]
1. I have failed to convince him of his error.
我没能说服他，让他知道自己的错误。
2. The teacher found some of the students absent.
老师发现有的学生不在。
3. His answer is beside the mark. 他的回答文不对题。
▪ 8）Such a chance denied me. 译文：我没有得到这个机会。（动词）
▪ 9）He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 译文：他75岁了，可是并不显老。 10）The plan as it leaves much to be desired． 译文：目前这样的方案大有不足之处。
[<]
C. Affirmation--Negation
4 .That’s a thing that might happen to any man. 原译：这样的事情可能发生在任何人身上。
改译：这种事情谁也难免。
5. His speech leaves much to be desired.
他的讲话很不如人意。
The use of “yes” and “no” is a case in point.
1. --“Are you not going tomorrow?”
--“No, I’m not going.”
2. “I don’t think you’re right in this point.”
定义
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
Discussion: “你是人，你不是东西。你是东西吗？你真 不是东西！？我认为你不是东西。你算什么东西！”
Version: You’re a person, not a thing. Aren’t you a person/a thing? Are you reliable/ some-thing? No, I don’t think so./Yes, I think so. What a creature you are! What a fool you are! You are a sheer idiot. I think you are an idiot. I don’t think you are trustworthy. You, really, are nothing. You think you are something. No, far from it.
6. That fellow is far from being honest.
那家伙很不老实。
7. She refrained from laughing.
她忍住了，没有发笑。
8. All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work.
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
Affirmation and Negation (正说反译、反说正 译法)
The English language has its peculiarities in negation.
Of course, English-speaking people have their own way of
6. Appearances are deceptive.
外貌是靠不住的。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
D: The Shift of Perspectives (视角转换）
7 .Good winner, good loser.
胜不骄，败不馁。
8. 在美国，人人都能买到枪。
原译：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.
副词
▪ 16）He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children． 译文：他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。
▪ 17）I stayed awake almost the whole night．I'll be
here for good 永远 this time．
当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡 地说：“我们看过你的文章，但没想到你这么年轻。”
3. The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.
归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
4. They never see each other without talking about Super Girl's Voice. 他们每次见面总是先谈论超级女声。
5. The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower lever. 那里的县委不了解下情。
第四章：翻译技巧（上）——正说反译、反说正译法
[<]
A. Some Idiomatic Expressions
1. riot (raiət) police 防暴警察 (即anti-riot police，而不是暴乱的警察)
2. crisis law 反危机法案 (即anti-crisis law)