3-1 Compounding 英语语言学ppt

Word Formation
Compounding, Blending, Backformation, Shortening
Compounding is a process of word formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. The word formed in this way is called compound
Phonologically, compounds can often be identified as having a main stress on the first element and a secondary stress on the second element.
`old /friends
Bound morphemes:
Bound morphemes are those that cannot be used independently , but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
Morphology
Compounding
Types of morphemes:
Free morphemes:
Free morphemes are the morphemes which are free in the sense that they are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.
encounter group: a group of people who meet to develop understanding of others by honest exchange of feelings, opinions, etc.交朋友小组
answering service: a commercial service that answers telephone calls for its clients.营利性的 代客接听电话的服务处
A darkroom is not just a room that is dark, rather a room used for photographic processing.
1. Noun Compounds
In politics:
a hot line: a telephone line for swift communication in emergencies between Moscow and Washington.
strobe light: higher intensity flashing light 频闪放电管
In social life:
identity crisis: a state of psychological confusion in one's personality.个性危机
group therapy: the treatment of a group of patients in regular sessions where problems are shared in group discussion: 小组疗法
`new /friends
`pure /scientists
Semantically, compounds can often be identified as “ having a meaning which may be related to but can not simply be inferred from the meaning of its parts.
shield law: a law that pretexts journalists from forced disclosure of confidential news sources. 新闻来源保障法
fox-bat (狐蝠式战斗机)
In science and technology:
black hole: a hypothetical celestial region formed from a collapsed star. (黑洞)
biological clock: inherent mechanism that regulates cyclic physiological process in a living organism.(生物钟)
siege economics: extremely strict economical measures (极其严格的节约措施)
In military fields:
cruise missile: a loห้องสมุดไป่ตู้-flying subsonic guided missile (巡航 导弹)
laser bomb: bomb guided by laser 激光导弹
(热线)
hard-liner: a person following an uncompromising or extreme policy
In economics:
unit pricing: the pricing of a commodity expressed per unit of weight, volume,etc. (单价与兑价分标 法)
A. According to orthographic criterion, compounds are written in three ways:
1) solid, such as bedtime
2)hyphenated, such as abovementioned
3) open, such as reading material