定语从句中可省略的关系副词

（5）关系副词的省略

①在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。如the time, every time, each time, the moment等。

e.g.By the time (when) he was fourteen years old Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himsel

f.

到十四岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。

Do you still remember the day(when) we first met? 你仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天吗?

②在某些句子中表示地点的名词后关系副词有时也可以省略。如the place等。

e.g.That’s the place (where) he lived when he was in Paris. 这就是他在巴黎时所住的地方。

This is the place (where) we met years ago. 这就是多年前我们见面的地方。

③先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略。

e.g.That’s the reason (why) I asked you to come. 这就是我叫你来的原因。

The reason (why) he did that is quite clear. 他那样做的理由是非常清楚的。

④当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。

e.g.I appreciate the way (that) you teach us. 我非常喜欢你教我们的方式。

5．定语从句中需注意的事项

（1）主谓一致问题

这是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词一致的问题。

①取决于先行词，先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。

e.g.Mr. Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. 史密斯先生要见你，他现在正在楼下。

(定语从句的谓语动词is根据Mr. Smith而定。)

The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you. 史密斯夫妇要见你，他们正在楼下。

(定语从句的谓语动词are根据the Smiths而定。)

②“one of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the(only, very, right) one of＋复数名词”作主语时。谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.Jeff is one of the students who were awarded. 杰夫是当时获奖的学生之一。

(本句的先行词是the students，即所修饰的中心词为the students，因此谓语动词应根据the students而定。)

Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded. 杰夫是唯一一个获奖的学生。

(本句的中心词移到了the only one，因此定语从句的谓语动词需根据the only one而定。)

（2）what, how不可引导定语从句

①what本身是复合关系代词，等同于“先行词＋关系代词(which/that)”。因此不能用what引导定语从句。

e.g.Time is what we demand most. (=Time is all (that) we demand most.) 我们所需要的就是时间。

Tell me what is happening. (=Tell me something that is happening.) 告诉我正在发生什么事。

She isn’t what she used to be. (=She isn’t the one (that) she used to be.)她不是过去的她了。

②how为复合关系副词。本身等同于the way in which，因此，不能用how引导定语从句。

e.g.I don’t like how you behave. (=I don’t like the way (that/ in which) you behave.) 我不喜欢你行事的方法。

This is how I worked out this problem. (=This is the way (that/in which) I worked out this problem.) 这就是我解出这道题的方法。

（3）关系代词that和which的用法辨析

that和which在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语，指物。作宾语时，均可省略。通常情况下，二者可互换使用。但有时却不宜随便互换。

①宜用that的情况

1）当先行词是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything. none, nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。

e.g.There is not much that ought to be done right now. 现在没有多少应该做的事情。

I did nothing that might hurt you. 伤害你的事我一点儿也没做。

2）当先行词是be后面的表语，或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时。

e.g.The school is quite different from the one that it used to be. 这所学校已和原来的迥然不同了。

He is not the man that he was. 他过去不是这样的。

3）当主句以here, there开头时。

e.g.Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for. 这就是你一直在找的旅馆。

There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken. 在角上还有一个空位。