江苏省锡山高级中学 高二下 英语 选修八语法(省略)(答案不全)

江苏省锡山高级中学高二下英语M8 语法（省略）

在英语中，有时为了言简意赅，突出关键词语；有时为了避免重复；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略原则是既不破坏语法结构，同时又不能产生歧义，要保持句子意义的准确无误。英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：

一、祈使句中的省略：

（You）Open the door for me, please. Don’t (you) eat more than what is good for you. 练一练：

--- I’m afraid those bags are too heavy for me along the way.

--- _____ you forget me! I can give you a hand with them.

A.Don’t

B. Didn’t

C. Won’t

D. Can’t

二、定语从句中的省略

1. 限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, who, whom 可以省略。

Here is the wonderful book (that/ which) I have read many times.

He is the last person (that/ who/ whom) I want to talk to.

练一练：

（1）They talked about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.

A.which

B. /

C. who

D. whom

(2) --- Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

--- Yes, there’s one point _____ we must insist on.

A.why

B. where

C. how

D. /

2. way (方式、方法) 后接定语从句时关系代词的省略。

I don’t like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your mother.

练一练：

（1）The way ____ he looks at problems is wrong.

A.which

B. whose

C. what

D. /

( 2) I don’t like the way ____ is not a bit practical.

A.which

B. whose

C. what

D. /

三、宾语从句中的省略

当一个动词之后有多个宾语从句时，第二（三、、、）个宾语从句的连词that不省略。

He learns that wealth does not buy happiness and that friends are more important than a fancy education.

四、相同句型或相同动词的两个分句中使用承前省略。

The ambassador was born in 1961, and his wife (was born) in 1964.

练一练：划出下列句中可以承前省略的内容。

（1）Some people spend their lives in search of money, some people spend their lives in search of power, and some people spend their lives in search of happiness.

（2）To some life is pleasure, but to others life is suffering.

（3）--- We won’t finish the work until next month.

--- And they won’t finish the work until next month either.

五、不定式中的省略

1. 为避免重复，经常对动词不定式进行省略，即省略上下文中已提到的动词，但通常保留

不定式符号to; 这类动词有：expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, refuse, try, want, wish, would like, love 等。

练一练：

（1）She asked me to dance with her, but I _____________(不想跟她跳舞)。

（2）--- Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary?

--- No, I prefer not to give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary. (划出可以省略的部分)

（3）--- What’s the matter with Della?

--- Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _____.

A. hopes to

B. hopes so

C. hopes not

D. hopes for

2. 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to 等后省略动词。

I really didn’t want to go there with him, but I ________(不得不去).

3. 不定式在happy, glad, eager, ready, willing, afraid, delighted, pleased 等形容词后面作状语时，可以进行省略处理，但要保留不定式符号to。

练一练：

--- Will you join in our discussion?

--- I’ll be glad to join in your discussion. (划出可以省略的部分)

4. 如果不定式中有带有助动词be, have, have been等，通常保留be, have, have been.

(1) --- Did the teacher remind the students of the usage?

--- No, but they ought to have been reminded of the usage since they are so forgetful. (划出可以省略的部分)

（2）In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _____.

A. that used to be

B. it is used to

C. it was used to

D. it used to be

(3) --- Did Pip feel embarrassed when Joe came to see him?

--- Yes, but he ______.

A.shouldn’t

B. shouldn’t have

C. mustn’t

D. mustn’t have

5. 介词except, but 后的不定式以及作表语的不定式，如果它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式，则后面的不定式常省略to.

练一练：

（1）The desperate criminal ______________________(别无选择只得向警方投降).

换个说法：The desperate criminal _____________________________________.

(2) What Pip wants to do is _______(become) a civil gentleman.

6. 否定形式的省略用not to.

--- Will you go instead of him? --- No, I prefer ______.

六、状语从句中的省略：

当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，并且从句中使用be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词。

1.when, while, until, once 引导的时间状语从句。

Do be careful while (you are) crossing the street.

Once (it is) published, the book will be quite popular.

练一练：

（1）W hen you are at a party, you should watch your manners. (划出可以省略的部分)

（2）T he plan won’t be carried out until it is approved by the city government. (划出可以省略的部分)