the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛
bluest-eye-最蓝的眼睛-英语小论文
Eco-feminism Reflected in The Bluest Eye I. Brief introduction of the authorIn 1993，a black woman took off the crown of Nobel Prize for literature. She is Toni Morrison, who is the first black women writer in the history of America. Her works, most conce rned with black female’s life, spiritual world and destiny, root deeply in the reality of the black human beings searching for living space and self- identity under the pressure of the white human beings values. Morrison, therefore, gained high praise in the literature for her great literary and artistic talent and unique, deep description of American black females’ lives.Her first novel The Bluest Eye was published in 1970,which made her become famous .then she published six major novels—Sula (1973), Song of Solomon(1977), Tar Baby(1981), Beloved(1987),Jazz(1992) and Paradise(1998), Toni Morrison has placed black women’s existence, feelings, life and experience as her major theme. She fought for these human beings who are at the marginal status. Throughout her writing career, Morrison devoted all her creative contributions to the black.II. Brief introduction of the novelThe 1960s “Black is Beautiful” movement has a deep influence on The Bluest Eye. Toni Morrison sets the story of The Bluest Eye at a time when black people are denied by powerful white society.In the novel , Morrison mold many characters of black women .The heroin is a little black girl called Pecola who needs blue eyes and believes white are beautiful, but the story is a nightmare for her asking for blue eyes and as a result, she is insane. Pecola has a wrong perception of herself longing for white beauty. She believes she is ugly. She believes if she had bluest eyes, she would be loved by her parents, her classmates and all the others. Finally, she begins to lose the black identity and owns the beautiful big blue eyes which only she can see. The narrator is another black girl called Claudia, who is completely different from Pecola and who searches for her own values. Eventually, on one hand, the braveblack women are the survivals; on the other hand, the pursuit of false self-identity ends as a tragedy.With the development of the literary criticism, the scholars study Morrison and her works mainly with the theory of the psychoanalytic, the postcolonial, the deconstruction, feminism and so on. What I will use is the eco-feminism, which connected tightly with the nature.III. My own insightPecola, was ruined, by whom? Those black boys? The white stars? Her father, Cholly? Actually it was because of the social system, the value system and the aesthetic standard with the social discrimination came into being in America. That’s the root of Pecola’s tragedy. In fact, black people have their own culture and values. If they can stick to and live with their own culture, the tragedy may be avoided. This innocent girl should have lived happily under the black people culture.There is another vital reason to cause the tragedy of her. It is that she is full of cowardice and doesn’t have a str ong faith. When she was conscious, she was torturous. She wants to be loved. Maybe somebody will say that the tragedy is because of her terrible family. But there are still some people treat her good and give her love such as Claudia, Frieda ,their mother and three cynical whores. But her weak heart can only see those bad things on her. So self-destroyed is also an important factor. What a satire, illusion becomes a person’s savior. On the contrary, Claudia chooses a different way. The doll which was given to Claudia as birthday present was a white girl, white skin and a pair of big blue eyes. She tears the doll and hates them. She never despised herself. So she is the real survivor.IV. Combined with eco-feminismEco-feminism is the social movement that regards the oppression of women and nature as interconnected. It is one of the few movements and analyses that actually connect two movements. More recently, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to consider theinterconnections between sexism, the domination of nature (including animals), and also racism and social inequalities. Consequently it is now better understood as a movement working against the interconnected oppressions of gender, race, class and nature.Ecofeminists explore the intersectionality between sexism, the domination of nature, racism, speciesism, and other characteristics of social inequality.Morrison uses various views to tell the relations of human and nature, men and women, and complicated different racial cultures，so the ecofeminism will lead a better understanding of her work, the bluest eye. Now I will mainly talk about the relations of natural images and black female.1.Four seasonsAs for harmony between man and nature, Morrison chooses a very representativeness image that is the changeable season. Morrison connects this kind of change with the sufferings of the black girl, thereby, sets off the contradictions, conflicts and misfortune that black women has suffered under the white culture. The author Use the four seasons as the mainly natural image, is on the purpose to tell that black women ‘s tragic fate is just like the cycle of the seasons ,inevitable and independent of man's will .,at the same time it deeply reveal the source of the social culture that brings the pains to the black women. What should we pay more attention, also is most different from others, is that Morrion changes the order of the seasons as autumn, winter, spring and summer .this reverse trick not only implies the white press their values and standard of beauty on the blavk , but also symbolize the reverse of the truth and disorder of the women’s fate. What’s more, it reve als that if the black accept the extremist ideas and life style of the white, they would lose themselves and get the mental distortion.Autumn should be a harvest time. Pecola gets ministration and turn to be mature and want to be loved. But what she gets? Her family is totally mass, parents quarrel and fight every day and nobody payattention to her. She also becomes the laughing stock of others around her. People think she is too ugly because of the deep dark color. And her own kinds also curse and mock her. This merciless world has hurt the girl deeply. unkind winter is coming, the pains are going on, the boys mock her with “black e mo black e mo, your daddy sleeps nicked”, and the new girl in school named Maureen peal who is loved by all others also strike her heart with full malice. To make things worse, the spring is coming.springshould be a lively season with hope, but totally different, her mother completely ignores her and do best to the white girl. Her biological father, rapes her, which destroys her to the full. When the lovely summer is coming, she gives a dead baby. Just like the society refuse this innocent life. Four seasons won’t stop here. It will circle again and again, pains will Increase endless.2.MarigoldsMarigolds, is the symbol of hope and life. Claudia and Frieda seed the marigolds but “there were no marigolds. That it was because Pecola was having her father’s baby that the marigolds didn’t grow.” “It never occurred to either of us that the earth itself might have been unyielding.” Mari golds are tied up with the women’s destiny. They are beautiful .the nature and women both have the ability to give birth but they are oppressed. Marigolds didn’t grow, not the only ones did not sprout, and nobody’s did. We can see the whole land of the bla ck are sacrifice of the violence and oppression of white racial and culture. Pecola is just a representive; the dead baby is the death of hope.3.DandelionsDandelions, at first pecola thinks they are beautiful and love them, but people treat it as weeds and think it is ugly. Her heart melted with pity of them. She shows her love for nature. As for the black women they are also beautiful and are a part of nature. She doesn’t know why she is ugly. She has the sense of herself. But others think she is ugly .after the cold eyes of the host of grocery store, she think dandelions are most ugly weeds. She also lost herself. Her view has transferred gradually . She feelsashamed for herself. It equals that she give up the nature and also herself. We can see how harmful the injustice society, just like poison corrupt the innocent heart of the black.4.CatAnimals are also parts of the nature. In the story, there is a innocent cat which is also has a tragedy ending just like pecola .Cats and women, are all disadvantaged groups and have the familiar fate..it was a cat of Geraldine .But her son Junior hates it very much and bully Pecola with the cat. Both of the cat and Pecola was the weaker that are teased and persecuted by the boy. Finally the cat died. The innocent life is dead.References:［1］梁志健．自然意象在《最蓝的眼睛》中的象征意义［J］．湖北教育学院学报，2007，［2］王晓春．《最蓝的眼睛》———精神生态困境下的悲剧与解救［J］．文学教育，2008，( 11) ．［3］Eco-feminism 维基百科。
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛演示课件
• The cyclical nature of racism
• Whiteness is the standard of beauty
• ……
11
motifs
• Dirtiness and Cleanliness • Whiteness and Coloredness • Ugliness and Beauty • ……
5
• Although her novels typically concentrate on black women, Morrison does not identify her works as feminist.
• She has stated that she thinks “it‘s off-putting(令人不快) to some readers, who may feel that I'm involved in writing some kind of feminist tract. I don't subscribe to patriarchy, and I don't think it should be substituted with matriarchy. I think it's a question of equitable access, and opening doors to all sorts of things.
The Bluest Eye
Toni Morrison
1
Background
詹宁
2
Toni Morrison
• Born :February 18, 1931 (1931-02-18) • Lorain, Ohio, United States • Occupation :Novelist, Writer • Genres: African American literature • Notable work(s) :Beloved, Song of Solomon • Notable award(s) : • Nobel Prize in Literature • 1993 • Pulitzer Prize for Fiction • 1988
《最蓝的眼睛》情节导读
Pecola moves back in with her family,andher life is difficult. Her father drinks, hermother is distant, and the two of them oftenbeat one another. Her brother, Sammy,frequently runs away. Pecola believes that ifshe had blue eyes, she would be loved andher life would be transformed. Meanwhile,she continually receives confirmation of herown senseof ugliness—the grocer looks rightthrough her when she buys candy, boys make fun of her, and a light-skinned girl, Maureen, who temporarily befriends her makes fun ofher too. She is wrongly blamed for killing a boy'scat and is called a "nasty little blackbitch" by his mother.
TheBluestEye教案
The Bluest Eye 教案第一章：简介与背景1.1 课程目标：了解并欣赏Toni Morrison的作品《最蓝的眼睛》分析作品的背景和文化意义培养对多元文化的理解和尊重1.2 教学内容：介绍Toni Morrison及其作品《最蓝的眼睛》探讨小说的主题和背景分析小说的结构和风格1.3 教学方法：讲座和讨论相结合的方式，引导学生了解作品的背景和文化意义分析小说的结构和风格，引导学生深入理解作品第二章：人物与情节2.1 课程目标：分析小说中的主要人物和他们的关系理解情节的发展和转折点培养对人物内心世界的理解和同情心2.2 教学内容：分析小说中的主要人物，包括Pecola、Mary Agnes和Chloe等探讨人物之间的关系和发展理解情节的转折点和主题的呈现2.3 教学方法：小组讨论和角色扮演，引导学生深入理解人物的性格和动机分析情节的发展和转折点，引导学生理解主题的呈现第三章：主题与象征3.1 课程目标：分析小说的主题和象征意义理解作品对社会现实的批判和反思培养对自我认同和自尊的思考和探讨3.2 教学内容：分析小说的主题，包括对美的追求、种族歧视和贫困等探讨作品中的象征意义，如最蓝的眼睛的象征意义引导学生思考作品对社会现实的批判和反思3.3 教学方法：小组讨论和写作练习，引导学生深入理解主题和象征意义分析作品对社会现实的批判和反思，引导学生思考自我认同和自尊的重要性第四章：文学手法与风格4.1 课程目标：分析小说的文学手法和风格理解作者的叙事技巧和语言特色培养对文学作品的欣赏和评价能力4.2 教学内容：分析小说的叙事技巧，如视角的转换和时间的跳跃等探讨小说的语言特色，如描述、对话和内心独白等引导学生欣赏和评价作者的文学手法和风格4.3 教学方法：小组讨论和写作练习，引导学生深入理解文学手法和风格分析作者的叙事技巧和语言特色，引导学生欣赏和评价作品第五章：批判性思维与讨论5.1 课程目标：培养学生的批判性思维能力引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行深入讨论培养学生的综合分析和批判能力5.2 教学内容：引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行深入讨论分析小说中的社会问题和文化冲突引导学生思考作品对现实社会的启示和影响5.3 教学方法：小组讨论和口头报告，引导学生深入理解和批判作品分析社会问题和文化冲突，引导学生思考作品对现实社会的启示和影响第六章：性别与身份6.1 课程目标：分析小说中性别角色和身份认同的主题探讨小说中女性角色的自主性和束缚培养学生对性别平等和多元身份的认识6.2 教学内容：分析小说中女性角色的形象和塑造探讨性别角色对人物命运的影响引导学生思考身份认同与个人成长的关系6.3 教学方法：小组讨论和角色扮演，引导学生深入理解女性角色的自主性和束缚分析性别角色和身份认同的主题，引导学生思考现实生活中的性别平等和多元身份认同问题第七章：家庭与社区7.1 课程目标：分析小说中家庭和社区的关系和影响探讨家庭结构对人物成长的影响培养学生对家庭和社区支持的重视7.2 教学内容：分析小说中家庭关系和社区环境的描绘探讨家庭破裂和社区压迫对人物命运的影响引导学生思考家庭和社区对个人成长的支持和影响7.3 教学方法：小组讨论和案例分析，引导学生深入理解家庭和社区的关系和影响分析家庭结构和支持系统对人物成长的影响，引导学生思考现实生活中的家庭和社区支持的重要性第八章：艺术与美的追求8.1 课程目标：分析小说中艺术和美的追求的主题探讨小说中对美的标准和价值观的批判培养学生对艺术和美的理解和欣赏能力8.2 教学内容：分析小说中艺术创作和美的追求的描写探讨美的标准和价值观的批判和反思引导学生思考个人对艺术和美的追求的意义和价值8.3 教学方法：小组讨论和创作练习，引导学生深入理解艺术和美的追求的主题分析美的标准和价值观的批判，引导学生思考个人对艺术和美的追求的意义和价值第九章：心理与社会的影响9.1 课程目标：分析小说中人物心理和社会环境的相互影响探讨小说中人物的心理变化和社会压力的关系培养学生对心理健康和社会适应的认识和关注9.2 教学内容：分析小说中人物心理的描写和社会环境的背景探讨人物的心理变化和社会压力的相互作用引导学生思考心理健康和社会适应的重要性9.3 教学方法：小组讨论和心理测试，引导学生深入理解人物心理和社会环境的相互影响分析人物的心理变化和社会压力的关系，引导学生关注心理健康和社会适应的重要性第十章：综合讨论与反思10.1 课程目标：培养学生对小说整体理解和批判性思维能力引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行综合讨论和反思培养学生对文学作品的社会意义和现实影响的思考10.2 教学内容：引导学生对小说中的主题和情节进行综合讨论和反思分析小说中的社会问题和文化冲突的解决方案引导学生思考文学作品对社会现实的影响和启示10.3 教学方法：小组讨论和口头报告，引导学生深入理解和反思作品分析社会问题和文化冲突的解决方案，引导学生思考作品对社会现实的影响和启示重点解析理解Toni Morrison及其作品《最蓝的眼睛》的背景和文化意义分析小说中的主要人物、情节、主题和象征意义探讨小说中的性别角色、家庭和社区关系、艺术和美的追求、心理与社会的影响等议题培养学生对文学作品的理解、欣赏和批判性思维能力引导学生思考文学作品对社会现实的影响和启示引导学生关注家庭支持、心理健康、身份认同、性别平等和多元文化等重要议题。
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛
Themes
• The importance of family and community • The innocence of children • Seeing versus Being seen • Sexual Initiation and abuse • Powerlessness of Women and children and child
• She went to one meeting with a short story about a black girl who longed to have blue eyes. The story later evolved into her first novel, The Bluest Eye (1970).
the Bluest Eye
• Pecola lives with her alcoholic father and embittered, overworked mother in a shabby storefront that reeks of the hopeless destitution that overwhelms their lives.
每次责骂对这个男孩似乎都不起作用一点也没有改变他的品行
The Bluest Eye
Toni Morrison
Background
詹宁பைடு நூலகம்
Toni Morrison
• Born :February 18, 1931 (1931-02-18) • Lorain, Ohio, United States • Occupation :Novelist, Writer • Genres: African American literature • Notable work(s) :Beloved, Song of Solomon • Notable award(s) : • Nobel Prize in Literature • 1993 • Pulitzer Prize for Fiction • 1988
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛课件
• In 2010,France's culture minister has inducted Nobel Prizewinning novelist Toni Morrison into the Legion of Honor.
A brief introduction of the author of THE BLUEST EYE
Toni Morrison
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛
Outline
Part 1 Biography Part 2 Major works
and Awards Part 3 Writing Features
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛
Part 2 Major Works and Awards
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛
Novels
The Bluest Eye (1970) Sula (1974) Song of Solomon (1977) Tar Baby (1981) Beloved (1987) Jazz (1992) Paradise (1999) Love (2003) A Mercy (2008)
• began her writing career.
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛
1993
In 1993, Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
——“Toni Morrison, who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic inport, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.”
_最蓝的眼睛_托尼_莫里森与生态女性主义的共鸣_曹小菁
《最蓝的眼睛》———托尼·莫里森与生态女性主义的共鸣曹小菁内容提要：论文旨在揭示《最蓝的眼睛》与生态女性主义的共鸣。
首先简介了作者、小说、生态女性主义、对莫里森的生态女性主义研究。
《最蓝的眼睛》与生态女性主义都根源于生产力的工业化要求；在思想内涵上将自然与女性联系，反对二元式思维，提倡平等；都有颠覆与创新之处，小说的悲惨、女童的疯癫，达成文学史上的新高。
《最蓝的眼睛》就是莫里森的一曲生态女性主义高歌，而生态女性主义正是莫里森《最蓝的眼睛》的深刻思想主张。
关键词：《最蓝的眼睛》生态女性主义莫里森作者简介：曹小菁，西安外国语大学讲师，主要研究方向为英美文学。
此文系以下课题的研究成果：2009年衡阳市社科联“人与自然的异化及文学中的生态马克思主义思想———兼论衡阳生态文明建设之思考”【项目编号：2009D10】；2010年南华大学“生态女性主义穿越时空———由莎剧至20世纪英美经典小说”【项目编号：B3004】；2011年湖南省高校科研项目【项目编号：青年项目】“资本主义现代性下的非理性体验—战后二十年美国小说中的疯癫研究”【项目编号：11B109】。
Title：The Bluest Eye—A Coincidence between Toni Morrison and EcofeminismAbstract：This thesis aims to reveal the relationship between The Bluest Eye and eco-feminism．The thesis in-troducing Toni Morrison，the novel itself，eco－feminism，and the eco-feminist studies of Morrison．The thesis goes on to explore the relationship between The Bluest Eye and eco-feminism through such aspects as social background，ideological content，and subversiveness or originality．Eco-feminism is the ideology of The Bluest Eye，an eco-feminist song sung by Morrison．Key words：The Bluest Eye eco-feminism MorrisonAuthor：Cao Xiaojing is a lecturer at the higher vocational college inxi’an International Studies University （Xi’an710128，China）．Her research interest is English and America Literature．Email：Laurel430@126．com托尼·莫里森（又译托妮·莫瑞森）（1931－），原名克娄·安东妮·沃福德，继美国女作家赛珍珠之后于1993年荣膺诺贝尔文学奖，是迄今唯一获此殊荣的美国黑人女作家，第三次黑色浪潮的璀璨新星。
高英精读6lesson9thebluesteye
课程大纲
第四章：语言和文学手法分析
分析小说的语言特色和文学手 法，如象征、隐喻等。
探讨作者如何通过语言和文学 手法来表达主题和塑造人物形 象。
课程大纲
第五章：总结和思考 对小说的主题、人物和文学手法进行总结。
引发学生对小说主题的思考和讨论。
学习方法
01
02
03
提前预习
语法解析
• The Bluest Eye is a novel written by Toni Morrison, published in 1970. It is about a young black girl who longs to have blue eyes like the white girls she sees around her. The novel explores themes of beauty, race, and female sexuality.
写作练习
读后感写作
仿写练习
要求学生写一篇读后感，表达自己对 课文的理解和感悟。
选取课文中的经典段落或句子，要求 学生进行仿写练习，提高学生的语言 主题，自选角度， 写一篇不少于800字的文章，锻炼学 生的写作能力。
THANKS
感谢观看
的内心世界。
对比手法
作者运用对比手法，突出了不 同人物的性格特点和命运差异 ，增强了作品的感染力。
象征手法
通过“最蓝的眼睛”这一象征 ，作者表达了对美的追求和对 种族歧视的批判，使主题更加 鲜明。
语言运用
作者运用生动、形象的语言， 描绘了人物形象和场景，使作
品更具文学魅力。
06
课后作业与拓展
作业布置
bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛 英语小论文
Eco-feminism Reflected in The Bluest EyeI. Brief introduction of the authorIn 1993，a black woman took off the crown of Nobel Prize for literature. She is Toni Morrison, who is the first black women writer in the history of America. Her works, most conce rned with black female‟s life, spiritual world and destiny, root deeply in the reality of the black human beings searching for living space and self- identity under the pressure of the white human beings values. Morrison, therefore, gained high praise in the literature for her great literary and artistic talent and unique, deep description of American black females‟ lives.Her first novel The Bluest Eye was published in 1970,which made her become famous .then she published six major novels—Sula (1973), Song of Solomon(1977), Tar Baby(1981), Beloved(1987),Jazz(1992) and Paradise(1998), Toni Morrison has placed black women‟s existence, feelings, life and experience as her major theme. She fought for these human beings who are at the marginal status. Throughout her writing career, Morrison devoted all her creative contributions to the black.II. Brief introduction of the novelThe 1960s “Black is Beautiful” movement has a deep influence on The Bluest Eye. Toni Morrison sets the story of The Bluest Eye at a time when black people are denied by powerful white society.In the novel , Morrison mold many characters of black women .The heroin is a little black girl called Pecola who needs blue eyes and believes white are beautiful, but the story is a nightmare for her asking for blue eyes and as a result, she is insane. Pecola has a wrong perception of herself longing for white beauty. She believes she is ugly. She believes if she had bluest eyes, she would be loved by her parents, her classmates and all the others. Finally, she begins to lose the black identity and owns the beautiful big blue eyes which only she can see. The narrator is another black girl called Claudia, who is completely different from Pecola and who searches for her own values. Eventually, on one hand, the braveblack women are the survivals; on the other hand, the pursuit of false self-identity ends as a tragedy.With the development of the literary criticism, the scholars study Morrison and her works mainly with the theory of the psychoanalytic, the postcolonial, the deconstruction, feminism and so on. What I will use is the eco-feminism, which connected tightly with the nature.III. My own insightPecola, was ruined, by whom? Those black boys? The white stars? Her father, Cholly? Actually it was because of the social system, the value system and the aesthetic standard with the social discrimination came into being in America. That‟s the root of Pecola‟s tragedy. In fact, black people have their own culture and values. If they can stick to and live with their own culture, the tragedy may be avoided. This innocent girl should have lived happily under the black people culture.There is another vital reason to cause the tragedy of her. It is that she is full of cowardice and doesn‟t have a str ong faith. When she was conscious, she was torturous. She wants to be loved. Maybe somebody will say that the tragedy is because of her terrible family. But there are still some people treat her good and give her love such as Claudia, Frieda ,their mother and three cynical whores. But her weak heart can only see those bad things on her. So self-destroyed is also an important factor. What a satire, illusion becomes a person‟s savior. On the contrary, Claudia chooses a different way. The doll which was given to Claudia as birthday present was a white girl, white skin and a pair of big blue eyes. She tears the doll and hates them. She never despised herself. So she is the real survivor.IV. Combined with eco-feminismEco-feminism is the social movement that regards the oppression of women and nature as interconnected. It is one of the few movements and analyses that actually connect two movements. More recently, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to consider theinterconnections between sexism, the domination of nature (including animals), and also racism and social inequalities. Consequently it is now better understood as a movement working against the interconnected oppressions of gender, race, class and nature.Ecofeminists explore the intersectionality between sexism, the domination of nature, racism, speciesism, and other characteristics of social inequality.Morrison uses various views to tell the relations of human and nature, men and women, and complicated different racial cultures，so the ecofeminism will lead a better understanding of her work, the bluest eye. Now I will mainly talk about the relations of natural images and black female.1.Four seasonsAs for harmony between man and nature, Morrison chooses a very representativeness image that is the changeable season. Morrison connects this kind of change with the sufferings of the black girl, thereby, sets off the contradictions, conflicts and misfortune that black women has suffered under the white culture. The author Use the four seasons as the mainly natural image, is on the purpose to tell that black women …s tragic fate is just like the cycle of the seasons ,inevitable and independent of man's will .,at the same time it deeply reveal the source of the social culture that brings the pains to the black women. What should we pay more attention, also is most different from others, is that Morrion changes the order of the seasons as autumn, winter, spring and summer .this reverse trick not only implies the white press their values and standard of beauty on the blavk , but also symbolize the reverse of the truth and disorder of the women‟s fate. What‟s more, it reveals t hat if the black accept the extremist ideas and life style of the white, they would lose themselves and get the mental distortion.Autumn should be a harvest time. Pecola gets ministration and turn to be mature and want to be loved. But what she gets? Her family is totally mass, parents quarrel and fight every day and nobody payattention to her. She also becomes the laughing stock of others around her. People think she is too ugly because of the deep dark color. And her own kinds also curse and mock her. This merciless world has hurt the girl deeply. unkind winter is coming, the pains are going on, the boys mock her with “black e mo black e mo, your daddy sleeps nicked”, and the new girl in school named Maureen peal who is loved by all others also strike her heart with full malice. To make things worse, the spring is coming.springshould be a lively season with hope, but totally different, her mother completely ignores her and do best to the white girl. Her biological father, rapes her, which destroys her to the full. When the lovely summer is coming, she gives a dead baby. Just like the society refuse this innocent life. Four seasons won‟t stop here. It will circle again and again, pains will Increase endless.2.MarigoldsMarigolds, is the symbol of hope and life. Claudia and Frieda seed the marigolds but “there were no marigolds. That it was because Pecola was having her father‟s baby that the marigolds didn‟t grow.” “It never occurred to either of us that the earth itself might have been unyielding.” Marigolds are tied up with the women‟s destiny. They are beautiful .the nature and women both have the ability to give birth but they are oppressed. Marigolds didn‟t grow, not the only ones did not sprout, and nobody‟s did. We can see the whole land of the black ar e sacrifice of the violence and oppression of white racial and culture. Pecola is just a representive; the dead baby is the death of hope.3.DandelionsDandelions, at first pecola thinks they are beautiful and love them, but people treat it as weeds and think it is ugly. Her heart melted with pity of them. She shows her love for nature. As for the black women they are also beautiful and are a part of nature. She doesn‟t know why she is ugly. She has the sense of herself. But others think she is ugly .after the cold eyes of the host of grocery store, she think dandelions are most ugly weeds. She also lost herself. Her view has transferred gradually . Shefeels ashamed for herself. It equals that she give up the nature and also herself. We can see how harmful the injustice society, just like poison corrupt the innocent heart of the black.4.CatAnimals are also parts of the nature. In the story, there is a innocent cat which is also has a tragedy ending just like pecola .Cats and women, are all disadvantaged groups and have the familiar fate..it was a cat of Geraldine .But her son Junior hates it very much and bully Pecola with the cat. Both of the cat and Pecola was the weaker that are teased and persecuted by the boy. Finally the cat died. The innocent life is dead.References:［1］梁志健．自然意象在《最蓝的眼睛》中的象征意义［J］．湖北教育学院学报，2007，［2］王晓春．《最蓝的眼睛》———精神生态困境下的悲剧与解救［J］．文学教育，2008，( 11) ．［3］Eco-feminism 维基百科。
最蓝的眼睛 论文
Racial Discrimination and Surging Desire in the Bluest Eye Abstract: As one of the most outstanding black writers in contemporary American literature，Toni Morrison is the first African American woman winner of the Nobel Prize for literature. The Bluest Eye is her first novel, which establishes her literary reputation as a renowned black writer. Her works always explore and reflect the black’s destiny. This easy focuses on internalized racism which leads to deep hurt on the black. And in this environment, the undercurrent of desire popples fiercely.Key words: Toni Morrison; The black; Racial discrimination; Surging desire摘要：作为美国文坛中一位杰出的黑人作家，托尼.莫里森是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家。
《最蓝的眼睛》是她的第一本小说，奠定了她在文坛上的地位，使她成为一个有名的黑人作家。
她的作品都以探索和反映黑人命运为主题。
本文主要讨论的是内化的种族主义对黑人造成的心灵创伤，并且在这种环境下，欲望的横流汹涌澎湃。
关键词：托尼.莫里森；黑人；种族歧视；欲望横流1. BackgroundThe Bluest Eye is a 1970 novel by American author Toni Morrison. It is Morrison's first novel, written while Morrison was teaching at Howard University and was raising her two sons on her own. The story is about a year in the life of a young black girl in Lorain, Ohio named Pecola. It takes place against the backdrop of America's Midwest as well as in the years following the Great Depression. At that time, although slave system had been cancelled, the black had been unable to get rid of racial discrimination that exists in every corner of American society. The Bluest Eye is told from the perspective of Claudia MacTeer as a child and an adult, as well as from a third person omniscient viewpoint. Claudia and Frieda MacTeer live in Ohio with their parents. The MacTeers take in a boarder, Mr. Henry and Pecola. The protagonist of the novel, Pecola is a troubled young girl with a hard life. Her parents are constantly fighting, both physically and verbally. Pecola is continually being told and reminded of what an “ugly” girl she is, thus fueling her desire to be a Caucasian girl with blue eyes. Throughout the novel it is revealed that not only has Pecola had a life full of hatred and hardships, but her parents have as well. Pecola’s mother, Pauline only feels alive and happy when she is working for a rich white family. Her father, Cholly, is a drunk who was left with his aunt when he was young and ran away to find his father, who wanted nothing to do with him. Both Pauline and Cholly eventually lost the love they once had for one another. While Pecola is doing dishes, her father rapes her. His motives are unclear and confusing, seemingly a combination of both love and hate. Cholly flees after the second time he rapes Pecola, leaving her pregnant. The entire town of Lorain turns against her, except Claudia and Frieda. In the end Pecola’s child is born prematurely and dies. Claudia and Frieda give up the money they had been saving and plant flower seeds in hopes that if the flowers bloom, Pecola's baby will live; the marigolds never bloom. Pecola always eagers to have a pair of blue eyes and hope this pair of eyes gets her out of the pain of life. However, atthe end of the story, tortured Pecola goes mad, believing that her cherished wish has been fulfilled and that she has the bluest eyes.2. The reason of racial discriminationWhite people have strong racial discrimination to the black. We easily find the reason in the history. First, there is the existence of an institutionalized racism. Although it had ben legally cancelled. But it showed us that before the policy the United States government has defined the black culture, behavior and morality of completely negative. This determines the black cannot escape the influence of racism. Second, there exists the performance of black discrimination in the provision of an excuse. Black people have their own reasons, many black people themselves for the performance of the Government to implement its policies of racial discrimination in the provision of a pretext.In addition, there are black people, in particular, a number of black women, who used to rely on government relief of life, nothing.3. Influence of racial discriminationA. Imperceptible change on aestheticsThroughout the novel, the concept that whiteness is superior is everywhere. White people think their skin is more beautiful than the black. Sadly, the black people have accepted white standards of beauty, thinking Maureen’s light skin to be attractive and Pecola’s dark skin to be ugly. The adoration of the Shirley Temple doll given to Claudia also proved it. And we can see that Pauline Breedlove’s preference for the little white girl she cares for. The person who suffers most from white beauty standards is Pecola. She believes that if she has a pair of blue eyes her life will full of respect and love, instead of bias and abuse. In her mind, it’s the simple of having a bright happy future. However, strong desire just destroys her. It’s one of the most vital facts which lead to the tragedy.B.Profound damage on everyone’s lifeIn the novel, the Chollys are always victims of racial discrimination. They suffer from the loneliness, humiliation, prejudice and the violence. Even one’s life has been changed because of this. It can’t be hard to find that all of these terrible things extend from generation to generation. And Pecola is the most obvious candidate for our sympathy because she undergoes a shocking amount of abuse. Thomas Merton said, “ the truth that many people never understand, is that the more you try to avoid suffering, the more you suffer, because smaller and more insignificant things begin to torture you." At school, school boys humiliate her by making fun of her father and want her to absorb their self-hatred. A group of boys circle around her and scream, “Black e mo. Black a mo., Yadaddy sleeps necked”, defensively ignoring the color of their own skins. They forget that they are black, too. What they do is just an admittance of the insecurity that they have about their own identities. What’s more, Pecola sits alone. And teachers ignore her. Worse, even at home, Pecola can’t get a little love and care. Her mother thinks she is ugly and prefers the white baby who she looks after as a baby-sitting in a white family. Continuingly, she is forced to witness her parent’s quarrels, she is tormented by Junior, she is raped by her father, and she is used by Soaphead Church.Pecola had a life full of hatred and hardships, but her parents have as well. Pauline,her mother, has a lame foot and has always felt isolated. She loses herself in movies, which reaffirm her belief that she is ugly and that romantic love is reserved for the beautiful. She encourages her husband’s violent behavior in order to reinforce her own role as a martyr. She feels most alive when she is at work, cleaning a white woman’s home. She loves this home and despises her own. Cholly, Pecola’s father, was abandoned by his parents and raised by his great aunt, who died when he was a young teenager. He was humiliated by two white men who found him having sex for the first time and made him continue while they watched. He ran away to find his father but was rebuffed by him. By the time he met Pauline, he was a wild and rootless man. He feels trapped in his marriage and has lost interest in life. Later, he rapes Pecola with the mixed emotions of love and hatred. After Pecola miscarries of her pregnancy, Cholly rapes her again. What happens in Pauline and Cholly make them sensible. They can’t take good care of themselves. Their values still haven’t shape well. So how can Pecola have a happy life? We can imagine that good parents will have good children. But their family obviously has no fortune.4.Surging DesireA number of characters seem always hide their desires; maybe are the normal bodily needs or some abnormal desires. Geraldine prefers cleanness and order. She can’t tolerate anything about messiness of sex. It makes she becomes indifferent as a result. Similarly, Pauline indulged in leaning and organizing the house of a while family and even had little care of her family. She forgets to show her affection to her husband and daughter. Lacking of mother love leads Pecola tragic ending of life. What’s more, Soaphead Church is very disgusted to human body. And such peculiarity not only leads to preference for objects but also makes he had special affection to little girls. In the book, there is much distortion of human nature. Owing to the denial of the desire, people become another one and lost themselves.We shouldn’t suppress our needs. Of course, neither can we pour the desire casually. However in the book, Cholly can’t control himself. It embodied in Cholly rapes her daughter this thing. One Saturday afternoon, drunken Cholly returnes home and see the daughter Pecola is washing dishes in the kitchen. Disgust, guilt, pity and love all of these are mixed in Cholly’s heart. Scene that Pecola scratches by the thumb of foot reminds Cholly the past he spent happily with Pauline. Gradually, it leads to the initiation of sexual desire. On the other hand, Pecola does not revolt eventually leads to the tragedy. Precisely because of his irreversible mistake, his daughter has a miserable life. It’s a mistake that has no doubt presented darkness of human nature. In contrast, Frieda’s experience is less painful than Pecola’s because her parents immediately come to her rescue, playing the appropriate role of protector. How important the parents mean to their children. Considering Cholly’s childhood and adolescent, we may be more forgiving to him. Cholly is abandoned by his parents. The lack of love nutrition afflicts little Cholly’s heart. In the process of growth, he suffers whites insult; it can be said to him buried violence. With the fall of the deep-rooted bad habits Cholly became another one. It is not difficult to explain the possibility of tragedy and will Nature. This tragedy is not isolated cases, but such as four seasons cycle kike occurs in each generation of black body.No matter how messy and sometimes violent human desire is, it is also the origin of happiness. Read carefully, it is clear that many characters are getting happiness by reliving their desire. These experiences satisfy their body needs and know more about sexuality. Claudia prefers to have her sense indulged by wonderful scents, sounds, and tastes than to be given a hard white doll. Cholly’s greatest happiness is eating the best part of a watermelon and touching a girl for the first time. Pauline’s happiest memory is of sexual fulfillment with her husband. To a large degree, The Bluest Eye is about the pleasures and dangers of sexual initiation. At that time, parents wouldn’t teach the children what is sex. At the age of right time, they explore the difference of man and women. It’s the nature of human being. Only follow the nature people develop smoothly.5. ConclusionToni Morrison said, “I wrote the Bluest Eye because someone would actually be apologetic about the fact that their skin was so dark…so the book was about to taking it in, before we all decide that we are all beautiful, and have always been beautiful; I wanted to speak on the behalf of those who didn’t catch this right away. I was deeply concerned about the feeling of being ugly.” Through the tragedy of Pecola, Morrison strives to expose the damages caused by the racial discrimination and strong condemns the oppression of the blacks by white mainstream culture. More importantly, the book shows us different perspectives towards such difficult dilemma. Claudia’s brave and kind, Cholly’s cruelty, Pauline’s cold and carelessness and Pecola’s innocence, all of these rich the level of theme. In addition, the undercurrent of desire flows and flows. The people who depress their desire get their heart distorted. The people who expose the body needs causally results the bitter life of the victim and himself. Only the people who relive their needs appropriately get happiness. We can explore many more themes from different ways .In a word; it’s really a meaningful book.。
thebluesteye最蓝的眼睛
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• Although her novels typically concentrate on black women, Morrison does not identify her works as feminist.
• She has stated that she thinks “it‘s off-putting(令人不快) to some readers, who may feel that I'm involved in writing some kind of feminist tract. I don't subscribe to patriarchy, and I don't think it should be substituted with matriarchy. I think it's a question of equitable access, and opening doors to all sorts of things.
最新现代大学英语精读6_第九课_The_Bluest_Eyes_最蓝的眼睛_课件课件ppt
• E.g. Rocking often soothes a crying baby. • (2) to make a pain less severe. • E.g. I bought some medicine to soothe my sore throat.
• Questions on the text: • In Para.2, how does the author describe the brown girls? • What is told about the brown girls in Para.3and 4? • What is Para.5 about? • What is the main idea of Para.6-9? • What kind of a boy is Louis Junior? • What is the rhetorical device and implied meaning of
• Point out rich rhetorical devices • Words and expressions:
• Glance off, ease out, soak up, • soothe, funkiness, engage, surfeit • Satiety, telltale, laurels, pick on, alternate, clutch,
middle-class whites.
Para.3-4 : get rid of the funkiness
• What’s the purpose of brown girls receiving more formal education than their poorer sisters?
《最蓝的眼睛》女性主义视觉的多维性
《最蓝的眼睛》女性主义视觉的多维性摘要：托尼莫里森的处女作《最蓝的眼睛》是她非常有名的一部作品。
本文主要探讨的是文中独特的女性主义视觉，与传统的女性主义视觉比较单一，强调女性在社会中的地位，反对父权制不同，该作品具有独特的女性的多维性视觉和平行的行为方式，给读者一个不定的角色定位和广阔的思考空间，给女性主义者提供了自省和作为教育的可能性，从而让女性主义更加富有生命力。
关键词：托尼莫里森；最蓝的眼睛；女性主义托尼莫里森是著名的非裔美国女作家的处女作《最蓝的眼睛》，曾获得过诺贝尔文学奖。
作品讲述了一个11岁的黑人女孩佩科拉因皮肤黝黑，由于相貌丑陋而受到周围及家里人的厌恶而渴望有一双蓝色的眼睛，因为她发现白人拥有的蓝色的眼睛很漂亮。
然而在白人占统治地位的文化背景下，她不仅没有实现愿望，反而被自己的父亲强奸，遭人唾弃。
最后变得神志不清，沉浸在自己的世界里，坚信自己拥有了一双美丽的蓝眼睛。
一、女性视角女权主义运动主要经历的阶段可大致分为三个阶段。
最初是带有浓厚政治色彩的“女权”阶段，即19世纪中叶至20世纪50、60年代。
第二阶段是1968年以后出现的新一代女权主义者，即强调“女性”的女权主义者。
第三代女权主义不再提倡男女的对立或女性一元论，而是注重多元论，提倡男女文化话语互补。
女权主义批评是一种用女性意识观照文学作品，具有女性价值标准和审美追求的文学批评。
其中“女性视角”的提出构成了女权主义批评解读作品的基点。
所谓女性视角，即用女性意识、女性经验观照作品。
它包括一套与男性迥异的阅读和写作标准。
这种女性视角的阅读与男性阅读有明显区别，这不仅表现在女性读者与男性读者关注的焦点有所不同，而且更重要的是阅读中唤起的体验有根本差别。
二、托尼莫里森的女性观在托尼莫里森的小说中，她一直给读者展示着自己鲜明的个性，她的小说主题新颖并且始终贯穿着她独特的视野。
托尼莫里森意识到了社会的现实，找到一种有别于传统意义的自省方式，让女性进行自我教育，找到质疑和挑战现存社会角色的方式。
the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛(课堂PPT)
Social Background
• The story in this novel happened in 1940s.Although slave system had been cancelled, Black had been unable to get rid of racial discrimination that exists in every corner of American society. This discrimination is grimly dominant in the mind of the White and the Brown.
• The cyclical nature of racism
• Whiteness is the standard of beauty
• She went to one meeting with a short story about a black girl who longed to have blue eyes. The story later evolved into her first novel, The Bluest Eye (1970).
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the Bluest Eye
• Character: • Pecola Breedlove • Geraldine • Junior • The cat • Louis
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• The story of elevenyear-old Pecola Breedlove, the tragic heroine of Toni Morrison’s haunting first novel, grew out of her memory of a girlhood friend who wanted blue eyes.
TheBluestEye教案
The Bluest Eye 教案第一章：引言与背景1.1 课程目标了解并欣赏Toni Morrison的作品《最蓝的眼睛》探索小说的主题和象征意义培养学生的批判性思维和文学分析能力1.2 教学内容介绍Toni Morrison和她的作品《最蓝的眼睛》讨论小说的背景和出版历史概述小说的主要情节和角色1.3 教学方法采用小组讨论和写作活动来促进学生的参与和思考使用多媒体资源和文学批评文章来丰富教学内容鼓励学生进行自主阅读和反思第二章：人物与情节2.1 课程目标分析小说中的主要人物和他们的关系探讨小说的情节发展和人物动机2.2 教学内容分析主人公Pecola的背景和性格特点探讨其他重要人物如Mama, Pa, Cholly和Self的角色的作用研究小说中的事件和冲突如何推动情节发展进行角色扮演和情景模拟来深入理解人物性格和动机分析小说的章节结构，了解故事的发展和转折点引导学生进行文学作品的批判性思考和讨论第三章：主题与象征3.1 课程目标探索小说中的主要主题和象征意义分析小说中的象征元素和它们对主题的贡献3.2 教学内容探讨小说的主题，如种族、阶级、性别和美的标准分析小说中的象征元素，如最蓝的眼睛、房子和宗教3.3 教学方法进行小组讨论和写作活动，让学生探索和表达他们对主题和象征的理解使用文献资料和学术文章来支持对主题和象征的深入分析鼓励学生进行创意写作，以培养他们的创造力和表达能力第四章：文学技巧与风格4.1 课程目标分析小说的文学技巧和风格探讨这些技巧和风格如何增强小说的主题和情节4.2 教学内容分析小说的叙述视角和叙事结构探讨Morrison的语言使用和叙述风格进行文学作品的分析和解读，以深入理解其技巧和风格使用案例研究和写作活动来培养学生的批判性思维和分析能力鼓励学生进行创意写作，以模仿和创作具有深度和风格的作品第五章：批判性思维与写作5.1 课程目标培养学生的批判性思维和分析能力提高学生的写作技巧和表达能力5.2 教学内容分析小说的批判性观点和问题5.3 教学方法进行小组讨论和写作活动，培养学生的批判性思维和分析能力提供写作指导和反馈，以帮助学生提高写作技巧和表达能力鼓励学生进行自主学习和反思，以培养他们的独立思考能力第六章：种族与身份6.1 课程目标探讨小说中种族问题对人物和情节的影响分析小说如何揭示种族和身份的复杂性6.2 教学内容研究种族如何在小说中塑造人物形象和故事发展探讨种族和身份如何影响人物的自我认同和社会地位6.3 教学方法进行小组讨论和角色扮演，让学生深入理解种族和身份对人物的影响分析小说中的种族冲突和社会不公，引导学生思考现实世界中的相关问题鼓励学生进行自主研究，探讨不同文化背景下种族和身份的问题第七章：家庭与成长7.1 课程目标分析小说中家庭关系对人物成长的影响探讨小说如何展现家庭冲突和人物内心的挣扎7.2 教学内容研究家庭成员之间的关系和它们对人物成长的影响分析小说中的家庭暴力和亲子关系问题7.3 教学方法进行家庭场景的角色扮演和讨论，让学生深入理解家庭关系对成长的impact 分析小说的章节和情节，探讨家庭冲突如何塑造人物性格和命运鼓励学生进行写作活动，分享自己的家庭经历和成长故事第八章：社会与文化8.1 课程目标探讨小说中的社会和文化问题及其对人物的塑造分析小说如何反映当时的社会和文化背景8.2 教学内容研究小说中的社会阶层和贫富差距问题探讨小说中的性别角色和女性形象8.3 教学方法分析小说的社会和文化背景，引导学生思考现实世界中的相关问题进行小组讨论和写作活动，让学生探讨社会和文化问题对人物的influence 鼓励学生进行自主研究，了解不同社会和文化背景下的性别角色和阶层问题第九章：心理分析与人物塑造9.1 课程目标分析小说中人物的心理活动和内心世界探讨心理分析如何影响人物塑造和故事发展9.2 教学内容研究人物的内心挣扎和心理问题分析小说中的心理分析和人物心理变化9.3 教学方法进行心理分析的角色扮演和讨论，让学生深入理解人物的心理状态分析小说的章节和情节，探讨心理分析如何塑造人物性格和命运鼓励学生进行写作活动，创作以心理分析为主题的故事或人物描述第十章：总结与反思10.1 课程目标总结学习成果，回顾小说的主题和情节反思个人对小说的理解和感受10.2 教学内容进行小组讨论，分享对小说的理解和感受回顾小说的主题、情节和人物，总结学习成果10.3 教学方法组织小组讨论，让学生分享对小说的理解和感受重点和难点解析一、引言与背景：理解Toni Morrison和她的作品《最蓝的眼睛》的背景和出版历史，为后续的学习打下基础。
《最蓝的眼睛》中边缘人形象分析
中文摘要托尼·莫里森是美国著名的黑人女作家，也是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家。
《最蓝的眼睛》作为莫里森的第一部作品，一经出版就赢得了广泛的关注与讨论。
该书将视角投向了处于社会边缘地带的黑人家庭，塑造了布里德洛夫一家三口不同层面的边缘化人物形象。
这些鲜明的人物形象是社会主流意识形态下边缘群体的缩影。
本文试图运用美国边缘人理论来分析小说黑人家庭中父亲乔利，母亲宝林，女儿佩克拉三者在道德，文化，及精神方面的边缘人形象，试图挖掘三种边缘人形象的成因及表现，探讨在恶劣环境下边缘人人性的发展与心理危机，总结其小说创作的艺术价值与意义。
小说描述了三个黑人家庭成员在白人主流文化下产生的不同层面的边缘人形象。
作为道德的边缘人，黑人父亲乔利从小被抛弃，年少时期道德标杆的缺失造成了他是非观念的空白。
来自白人世界的侮辱造成了他极端的自卑心理，后期黑人社会与其家庭的冷漠更是加剧了他道德意识的沦丧和善恶观念的扭曲。
在酒精的作用下，乔利完全沦为了本能和欲望的野兽。
他性侵了自己的女儿，虐待自己的妻子，最终从无能的受害者彻底沦为道德败坏的施害者。
作为文化的边缘人，黑人母亲宝林毅然决然地抛弃了自己的黑人家庭，主动切断了同黑人文化的联系并极度向往和推崇白人文化。
但是因为种族歧视，宝林却始终无法得到白人主流文化的认可。
即使宝林主动迎合白人文化标准，接受白人的审美观念，但是她的存在价值仅仅只是附属品女仆身份，最终宝林沦为了不黑不白的文化边缘人。
年仅11岁的黑人女孩佩克拉从心智正常的失语者沦为了精神边缘的疯子，走向了精神世界的边缘化。
破裂的家庭环境的忽视，学校师生的歧视及社会环境的冷漠造成了佩克拉精神的崩溃，人格的分裂。
因此她疯狂盲目地追求所谓的蓝色眼睛，最终丧失了理性思维，走向了精神层面的癫狂。
本文通过对三种边缘人类型及特征的划分，总结不同角色因种族，文化，性别对其边缘人形象形成的原因，揭示了莫里森对弱势的边缘黑人人性的挖掘，传递了莫里森对弱势边缘黑人命运的悲悯及关怀。
最蓝的眼睛-莫里森
Toni Morrison and 《The Bluest Eye》I、Toni MorrisonToni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931), is a Nobel Prize-winning American author, editor, and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed black characters; among the best known are her novels The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, and Beloved, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1988. In 2001 she was named one of the "30 Most Powerful Women in America" by Ladies' Home Journal.1、Early life and careerToni Morrison was born in Lorain, Ohio, the second of four children in a working-class family. As a child, Morrison read constantly; among her favorite authors were Jane Austen and Leo Tolstoy. Morrison's father, George Wofford, a welder by trade, told her numerous folktales of the black community (a method of storytelling that would later work its way into Morrison's writings).In 1949 Morrison entered Howard University to study English. While there she began going by the nickname of "Toni," which derives from her middle name, Anthony. Morrison received a B.A. in English from Howard in 1953, then earned a Master of Arts degree, also in English, from Cornell University in 1955, for which she wrote a thesis on suicide in the works of William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf. After graduation, Morrison became an English instructor at Texas Southern University inHouston, Texas (from 1955-57) then returned to Howard to teach English. She became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.In 1958 she married Harold Morrison. They had two children, Harold and Slade, and divorced in 1964. After the divorce she moved to Syracuse, New York, where she worked as a textbook editor. Eighteen months later she went to work as an editor at the New York City headquarters of Random House.As an editor, Morrison played an important role in bringing African American literature into the mainstream. She edited books by such black authors as Toni Cade Bambara, Angela Davis and Gayl Jones.2、Writing careerMorrison began writing fiction as part of an informal group of poets and writers at Howard University who met to discuss their work. She went to one meeting with a short story about a black girl who longed to have blue eyes. The story later evolved into her first novel, The Bluest Eye (1970), which she wrote while raising two children and teaching at Howard. In 2000 it was chosen as a selection for Oprah's Book Club.In 1973 her novel Sula was nominated for the National Book Award. Her third novel, Song of Solomon (1977), brought her national attention. The book was a main selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club, the first novel by a black writer to be so chosen since Richard Wright's Native Son in 1940. It won the National Book Critics Circle Award.In 1988 Morrison's novel Beloved became a critical success. When the novel failed to win the National Book Award as well as the National Book Critics Circle Award, a number of writers protested the omission. Shortly afterward, it won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. Beloved was adapted into the 1998 film of the same name starring Oprah Winfrey and Danny Glover. Morrison later used Margaret Garner's life story again in an opera, Margaret Garner, with music by Richard Danielpour. In May 2006, The New York Times Book Review named Beloved the best American novel published in the previous twenty five years.In 1993 Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first black woman to win it. Her citation reads: Toni Morrison, "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality." Shortly afterwards, a fire destroyed her Rockland County, New York home. Although her novels typically concentrate on black women, Morrison does not identify her works as feminist. She has stated that she thinks "it's off-putting to some readers, who may feel that I'm involved in writing some kind of feminist tract. I don't subscribe to patriarchy, and I don't think it should be substituted with matriarchy. I think it's a question of equitable access, and opening doors to all sorts of things. In addition to her novels, Morrison has also co-written books for children with her youngest son, Slade Morrison, who works as a painter and musician.3、Later lifeMorrison taught English at two branches of the State University of New York. In 1984 she was appointed to an Albert Schweitzer chair at the University at Albany, The State University of New York. From 1989 until her retirement in 2006, Morrison heldthe Robert F. Goheen Chair in the Humanities at Princeton University.Though based in the Creative Writing Program, Morrison did not regularly offer writing workshops to students after the late 1990s, a fact that earned her some criticism. Rather, she has conceived and developed the prestigious Princeton Atelier, a program that brings together talented students with critically acclaimed, world-famous artists. Together the students and the artists produce works of art that are presented to the public after a semester of collaboration. In her position at Princeton, Morrison used her insights to encourage not merely new and emerging writers, but artists working to develop new forms of art through interdisciplinary play and cooperation. At its 1979 commencement ceremonies, Barnard College awarded her its highest honor, the Barnard Medal of Distinction. Oxford University awarded her an honorary Doctor of Letters degree in June 2005.In November 2006, Morrison visited the Louvre Museum in Paris as the second in its "Grand Invité" program to guest-curate a month-long series of events across the arts on the theme of "The Foreigner's Home."She currently holds a place on the editorial board of The Nation magazine.PoliticsMorrison caused a stir when she called Bill Clinton "the first Black President;" saying "Clinton displays almost every trope of blackness: single-parent household, born poor, working-class, saxophone-playing, McDonald's-and-junk-food-loving boy from Arkansas." This opinion was both adopted by Clinton supporters like the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) and ridiculed by critics. It should be noted that, in the context of the 2008 Democratic Primary campaign, during which Clinton made some remarks that were construed as unsympathetic to African-Americans, Morrison revisited her statement. Morrison stated to Salon magazine: "People misunderstood that phrase. I was deploring the way in which President Clinton was being treated, vis-à-vis the sex scandal that was surrounding him. I said he was being treated like a black on the street, already guilty, already a perp. I have no idea what his real instincts are, in terms of race." However, in the 2008 presidential race, Morrison has endorsed Senator Barack Obama over Senator Hillary Clinton.II、The Bluest EyeThe Bluest Eye is 1970 novel by American author Nobel Prize recipient Toni Morrison. Morrison's first novel, which was written while Morrison taught at Howard University and was raising her two sons on her own, the story is about a year in the life of a young black girl in Lorain, Ohio named Pecola. It takes place against the backdrop of America's Midwest as well as the Great Depression. The Bluest Eye is told from five perspectives: Pecola's, her mother's, her father's, her friend Claudia's, and Soaphead Church's. Because of the controversial nature of the book, which deals with racism, incest, and child molestation, there have been numerous attempts to ban it from schools and libraries. In 2000, the novel became a selection for Oprah's Book Club.1、Plot summaryThe narrator advises the reader not to look at the "why" of the story but at the "how." The novel, with child sex, irresponsible adults, and corrupt society seeks to show the misery of black people living in a white society. When she indirectly refers to Pecola as "dirt" and to the Breedloves as animals, she is exposing the ills to which they are submitted. Soaphead Church's letter to God is a summary of the insanity of the world around him, as the novel could be for the author. The Bluest Eye is the story of eleven-year-old Pecola Breedlove--a black girl who is regarded “ugly” by everyone, including her parents--who prays for her eyes to turn blue: so that she will be beautiful, so that people will look at her, so that her world will be different. She is raped by her drunk father and get pregnant, later she gives birth to a stillborn（夭折的）child. Finally Pecola lose her mind and spend the rest of her life as a madwoman thinking she has the bluest eyes of the world…Pecola's parents' history is examined throughout the novel, showing who they are in three main parts: her father Cholly's background, her mother Pauline's past life, and the couple's conflicted marriage. Cholly was deserted by both his parents, and was rebuked when he tried to contact his father. His son seems to do the same thing later on, running away repeatedly.In the afterword, Morrison explains that she is attempting to humanize all the characters that attack Pecola or cause her to be the way she is; that it is not a matter where one person can be pointed out as being the cause of all this pain.Ideas of beauty, particularly those that relate to racial characteristics, are a majortheme in this book. The title refers to Pecola's wish that her eyes would turn blue. Claudia is given a white baby doll to play with and is constantly told how lovely it is. Insults to the appearance are often given in racial terms. A light-skinned schoolmate is favored by the teachers.There is a contrast between the world shown in the cinema, the one in which Pauline is a servant, the WASP society, and the existence the main characters live in. Most chapters' titles are extracts from a Dick and Jane reading book, presenting a happy white family. This family is contrasted with Pecola's existence.ThemeSource of the tragedy: black people accepted and internalized white values and developed self-contempt and self-hatred for themselves or other black people, making some of their own people victims and scapegoats .The impact of mainstream white culture upon black people, which make them victim of the circumstances.2、CharactersPecola Breedlove - The protagonist of the novel, a poor black girl who believes she is ugly because she and her community base their ideals of beauty on "whiteness". The title The Bluest Eye is based on Pecola's fervent wishes for beautiful blue eyes. She is rarely developed during the story, which is purposely done to underscore the actions of the other characters. Her insanity at the end of the novel is her only way to escape the world where she cannot be beautiful and to get those blue eyes she wanted to get since the beginning of the novel.Cholly Breedlove - Pecola's abusive father, an alcoholic man who rapes his daughter at the end of the novel. Rejected by his father and discarded by his mother as a four day old baby, Cholly was raised by his Great Aunt Jimmy. After she dies, Cholly runs away and pursues the life of a "free man", yet he is never able to escape his painful past, nor can he live with the mistakes of his present. Tragically, he rapes his daughter in a gesture of madness mingled with affection. He realizes he loves her, but the only way he can express it is to rape her.Pauline Breedlove - Pecola's mother. Mrs. Breedlove is married to Cholly and lives the self-righteous life of a martyr, enduring her drunk husband and raising her two awkward children as best she can. Mrs. Breedlove is a bit of an outcast herself with her shriveled foot and Southern background. Mrs. Breedlove lives the life of a lonely and isolated character who escapes into a world of dreams, hopes and fantasy that turns into the motion pictures she enjoys viewing.Sam Breedlove - Pecola's older brother. Sammy is Cholly and Mrs. Breedlove's one son. Sam's part in this novel is relatively low key. Like his sister Pecola, he is affected by the disharmony in their home and deals with his anger by running away from home.Claudia MacTeer - Much of the novel is told from the perspective of Claudia. She is the primary narrator in the book. Claudia is Pecola's friend and the younger sister of Frieda MacTeer. The MacTeer family serves as a foil for the Breedloves, and althoughboth families are poor, Mr. and Mrs. MacTeer are strict but loving parents towards their children - a sharp contrast to the dysfunctional home of the Breedloves.Frieda MacTeer - Claudia's older sister and close companion. The two MacTeer girls are often seen together and while most of the story is told through Claudia's eyes, her sister Frieda plays a large role in the novel.Henry Washington - a man who comes to live with the MacTeer family and is subsequently thrown out by Claudia's father when he inappropriately touches Frieda. Soaphead Church - a pedophile and mystic fortune teller who "grants" Pecola her wish for blue eyes. The character is somewhat based on Morrison's Jamaican ex-husband.Great Aunt Jimmy - Cholly's aunt who takes him in to raise after his parents abandon him. She dies when he is a young boy.Maureen Peal - A light-skinned, wealthy mulatto girl who is new at the local school. She accepts everyone else’s assumption that she is superior and is capable of both generosity and cruelty. She changes her attitude throughout the novel towards Pecola.3、AdaptationThe Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago, Illinois commissioned Lydia R. Diamond to adapt the novel into a full-length stage production. The play was developed through the Steppenwolf for Young Adults and the New Plays Initiative where it received its world premiere in February, 2005. The play was reprised in Chicago at the Steppenwolf Theatre in October, 2006 by popular demand. The Bluest Eye received its off-Broadway premiere at the New Victory Theater in New York in November, 2006.The Bluest Eye written by African American writer Toni Morrison narrates a tragic story about a black girl who longs for a pair of blue eyes owned exclusively by white people. Strongly influenced by white dominated culture, many other black women are also lost in the myth of white beauty. However, in addition to the description of this negative impact, Morrison, in her novel, also explores effective approaches to demystify the myth of white beauty and maintain the real-self of the black people through the voice of a rebellious narrator.4、MotifsMotifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.The Dick-and-Jane NarrativeThe novel opens with a narrative from a Dick-and-Jane reading primer, a narrative that is distorted when Morrison runs its sentences and then its words together. The gap between the idealized, sanitized, upper-middle-class world of Dick and Jane (who we assume to be white, though we are never told so) and the often dark and ugly world of the novel is emphasized by the chapter headings excerpted from the primer. But Morrison does not mean for us to think that the Dick-and-Jane world is better—in fact, it is largely because the black characters have internalized white Dick-and-Jane values that they are unhappy. In this way, the Dick and Jane narrative and the novel provide ironic commentary on each other.The Seasons and NatureThe novel is divided into the four seasons, but it pointedly refuses to meet the expectations of these seasons. For example, spring, the traditional time of rebirth and renewal, reminds Claudia of being whipped with new switches, and it is the season when Pecola’s is raped. Pecola’s baby dies in autumn, the season of harvesting. Morrison uses natural cycles to underline the unnaturalness and misery of her characters’ ex periences. To some degree, she also questions the benevolence of nature, as when Claudia wonders whether “the earth itself might have been unyielding” to someone like Pecola.Whiteness and ColorIn the novel, whiteness is associated with beauty and cleanliness (particularly according to Geraldine and Mrs. Breedlove), but also with sterility. In contrast, color is associated with happiness, most clearly in the rainbow of yellow, green, and purple memories Pauline Breedlove sees when making love with Cholly. Morrison uses this imagery to emphasize the destructiveness of the black community’s privileging of whiteness and to suggest that vibrant color, rather than the pure absence of color, is a stronger image of happiness and freedom.Eyes and VisionPecola is obsessed with having blue eyes because she believes that this mark of conventional, white beauty will change the way that she is seen and therefore the way that she sees the world. There are continual references to other characters’ eyes as well—for example, Mr. Yacobowski’s hostility to Pecola resides in the blankness in his own eyes, as well as in his inability to see a black girl. This motif underlines the novel’s repeated concern for the difference between how we see and how we are seen, and the difference between superficial sight and true insight.Dirtiness and CleanlinessThe black characters in the novel who have internalized white, -middle-class values are obsessed with cleanliness. Geraldine and Mrs. Breedlove are excessively concerned with housecleaning—though Mrs. Breedlove cleans only the house of her white employers, as if the Breedlove apartment is beyond her help. This fixation on cleanliness extends into the women’s moral and emotional quests for purity, but the obsession with domestic and moral sanitation leads them to cruel coldness. In contrast, one mark of Claudia’s strength of character is her pleasure in her own dirt, a pleasure that represents self-confidence and a correct understanding of the nature of happiness.5、SymbolsSymbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.The HouseThe novel begins with a sentence from a Dick-and-Jane narrative: “Here is thehouse.” Homes not only indicate socioeconomic status in this novel,but they also symbolize the emotional situations and values of the characters who inhabit them. The Breedlove -apartment is miserable and decrepit, suffering from Mrs. Breedlove’s preference for her employer’s home over her own and symbolizing the misery of the Breedlove family. The MacTeer house is drafty and dark, but it is carefully tended by Mrs. MacTeer and, according to Claudia, filled with love, symbolizing that family’s comparative cohesion.Bluest Eye(s)To Pecola, blue eyes symbolize the beauty and happiness that she associates with the white, middle-class world. They also come to symbolize her own blindness, for she gains blue eyes only at the cost of her sanity. The “bluest” eye could also mean the saddest eye. Furthermore, eye puns on I, in t he sense that the novel’s title uses the singular form of the noun (instead of The Bluest Eyes) to express many of the characters’ sad isolation.The MarigoldsClaudia and Frieda associate marigolds with the safety and well-being of Pecola’s baby. Their ceremonial offering of money and the remaining unsold marigold seeds represents an honest sacrifice on their part. They believe that if the marigolds they have planted grow, then Pecola’s baby will be all right. More generally, marigolds represent the constant renewal of nature. In Pecola’s case, this cycle of renewal is perverted by her father’s rape of her.。
_最蓝的眼睛_黑人小女孩悲剧命运探究_对_最蓝的眼睛_的新历史主义解读
间 ，莫 里 森 常 和 一 些 诗 人 和 作 家 聚 会 ，使 她 萌 生 了 创作的欲望。婚姻出现裂痕以后，她更以写作来求 得精神寄托。这些生活经历使她能更深刻地洞察种 族歧视下美国黑人的生活，为她《最蓝的眼睛》提供 了丰富的现实资料。
莫里森深受20世纪60年代黑人民权运动提出 的“黑即是美”这种历史主义思潮的影响，在《最蓝 的眼睛》这部小说中探讨的正是黑人小女孩佩克拉 因为自己的丑陋面容和深色的黑人皮肤处处受排 斥，因此她梦想拥有一双像白人小童星秀兰·邓波 尔 一 样 美 丽 的 蓝 眼 睛 ，她 相 信 只 有 这 样 ，她 才 会 被 身边的人接受。然而，这种对白人审美的盲目崇拜 并没有减轻她的痛苦，反而最终导致她的精神错 乱。而另一个黑人女孩克劳迪娅却是作者内心的真 实 写 照 ：克 劳 迪 娅 因 为 热 爱 自 己 的 黑 人 文 化 ，从 而 对 自 己 所 有 的 一 切 不 离 不 弃 ，把 握 了 自 我 ，过 着 属 于黑人的幸福生活。
本文通过新历史主义批判理论对 《最蓝的眼
征白人的蓝眼睛，认为那样她就会变得很漂亮，很 睛》中黑人女主人公和其同龄黑人女性成长的研究
受欢迎；她开始看到的美丽的蒲公英因为白人说它 揭示了两方面的意义：第一，我们可以从主人公所
们是野草，没什么美丽可言也迫使自己从内心接受 处的历史背景全面地了解和认识20世纪黑人女性
同主流文化；而正是由于丢失了自己的文化，黑人 少数族裔女性的成长给予关注。
找不到自己在社会中的归属，只能生活在文化真空
中。另一方面黑人社区因为盲目崇拜白人文化而陷
作者简介：齐亚丽，华北电力大学英语系副教授，主
入了迷失。他们讨厌自己，憎恨自己的社区。黑人女 孩佩克拉从小从父母那里得不到任何呵护而只是
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Newport News
City Center at Oyster Point
Marietta
• Marietta is a city located in central Cobb County, Georgia,and is its county seat. • As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 58,748, making it one of metro Atlanta's largest suburbs. Census estimates of 2008 indicate a population of 67,021.Marietta is the third-largest of three principal cities (by population) of and is included in the Atlanta– Sandy Springs–Marietta, Georgia, metropolitan statistical area, which is included in the AtlantaSandy Springs-Gainesville, Georgia-Alabama (part) combined statistical area.
Aiken
Aiken County Courthouse
• Newport News is an independent city in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area of Virginia. It is at the south-western end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the north shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiff's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads.
Toni Morrison
• Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed black characters.
• Morrison began writing fiction as part of an informal group of poets and writers at Howard University who met to discuss their work. • She went to one meeting with a short story about a black girl who longed to have blue eyes. The story later evolved into her first novel, The Bluest Eye (1970).
The Bluest Eye
Toni Morrison
Background
詹宁
• • • • • • • • • •
Born :February 18, 1931 (1931-02-18) Lorain, Ohio, United States Occupation :Novelist, Writer Genres: African American literature Notable work(s) :Beloved, Song of Solomon Notable award(s) : Nobel Prize in Literature 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1988
• Aiken is a city in and the county seat of Aiken County, South Carolina, United States. With Augusta, Georgia, it is one of the two largest cities of the Central Savannah River Area. It is part of the Augusta-Richmond County Metropolitan Statistical Area. Aiken is home to the University of South Carolina at Aiken. The population was 25,337 at the 2000 census. Aiken was recognized with the All-America City Award in 1997 by the National Civic League
• Pecola lives with her alcoholic father and embittered, overworked mother in a shabby storefront that reeks of the hopeless destitution that overwhelms their lives. • Each night Pecola prayed for blue eyes. In her eleven years, no one had ever noticed Pecola. But with blue eyes, she thought, everything would be different. She would be so pretty that her parents would stop fighting. Her father would stop drinking. Her brother would stop running away. If only she could be beautiful. If only people would look at her.
• Although her novels typically concentrate on black women, Morrison does not identify her works as feminist. • She has stated that she thinks ―it‗s off-putting(令人不快) to some readers, who may feel that I'm involved in writing some kind of feminist tract. I don't subscribe to patriarchy, and I don't think it should be substituted with matriarchy. I think it's a question of equitable access, and opening doors to all sorts of things.
Mobile
• From top: Pincus Building, Old City Hall and Southern Market, Fort Condé, Barton Academy, Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, and the skyline of downtown Mobile from the Mobile River.
motifs
• • • • Dirtiness and Cleanliness Whiteness and Coloredness Ugliness and Beauty ……
Pattern
施婷娜
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Structure
• Paragraph 1-9 – the debut and description of ―the brown girls‖.
• Paragraph 10-53 – a small incident between the heroine Pecola Breedlove- a black girl and a boy and his brown mother.
Mobile
• Mobile is the third most populous city in the Southern US state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County. It is located on the Mobile River and the central Gulf Coast of the United States.
Cobb County courthouse in Marietta
Meridian
• Meridian is the county seat of Lauderdale County, Mississippi. It is the sixth largest city in the state and the principal city of the Meridian, Mississippi Micropolitan. Statistical Area. Along major highways, the city is 93 mi (150 km) east of Jackson, MS; 154 mi (248 km) west of Birmingham, AL; 202 mi (325 km) northeast of New Orleans, LA; and 231 mi (372 km) southeast of Memphis, TN.