2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破14：【定语从句】【附答案】

2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破14【定语从句】

高考英语定语从句用法速查速记

考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who 人主语、宾语

whom 人宾语

which 物主语、宾语

that 人或物主语、宾语、表语whose 人或物定语

as 人或物主语、宾语、表语

关系代词that和

which的用法区

别只用that的情况

先行词是all, few, little, much, something,

anything,

nothing等不定代词时

先行词被the only, the very, the same, all等修

饰时

先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词

或形容词最高级修饰时

先行词既有人又有物时

关系代词that和

which的用法区

别只用which的情况

引导非限制性定语从句时

关系代词指物，且前有介词时

关系代词as和which的用法区

别as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等

which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系

例：

她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。

The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。

My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。

“You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.

正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相。”

注意：

(1)whom, which, that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；

(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same

＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。

例：Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。

考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词先行词句法功能

when 时间名词时间状语

where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point,

activity, case, stage等)

地点状语

why the reason 原因状语

例：

完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。

Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.

学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。

Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday?

你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？

考点三、way后定语从句的引导词

(1)当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，即way在从句中作状语时，则从句用in which 或that引导，引导词也可省略。

(2)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。若先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which或that也可省略。

例：She was pleased with the way he had accepted her criticism.

She was pleased with the way that he had accepted her criticism.

She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.

她对他接受批评的方式很满意。

考点四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

构成句法功能用法

the＋名词＋of＋关系代词

(whom/which)

主语可转化为“whose＋名词”结构

数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关

系代词主语

数词还可以用some, many, most,

each等不定代词替换

介词(短语)＋关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom 且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换

介词＋关系代词＋名词状语关系代词常用which 和whose

介词＋关系副词状语有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from 或to

例：Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.

科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。

Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求他们的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。

The newly-built café，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after h ard work.

这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。

He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.

他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。

答题技巧点拨“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词

1．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who。

2．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句中用whom。3．如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句中用which。4．如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where; 如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。

5．不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。

6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。

高考英语二轮复习语法突破14【定语从句】测试题