土木工程毕业设计---教学楼设计

永昌教学楼设计Design of Yongchang school

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2013 年 6 月

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摘要

本次毕业设计的是一幢住宅楼，占地面积为5400m2,为现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构。设计使用年限为50年，耐火等级II级，采光等级为II级，抗震等级为三级。

结构方案阶段：根据建筑的重要性，建筑所在地的抗震设防烈度，工程地质勘查报告，建筑场地的类别及建筑的功能、高度和层数来确定建筑的结构形式，本工程采用的是钢筋混凝土框架结构。在当今工程实际中，框架结构是应用非常广泛的一种结构布置形式。它的钢及水泥用量比较大，造价也比混合结构高，但具有梁柱承重，墙体只起分隔和围护的作用，房间布置比较灵活，门窗开置的大小、形状都较为自由的特点。

结构计算阶段：本设计主要进行了结构方案中横向框架4轴框架的抗震设计。在确定框架布局之后，先进行了层间荷载代表值的计算,接着利用经验公式法求出自震周期，进而按底部剪力法计算水平地震荷载作用下大小，进而求出在水平荷载作用下的结构内力（弯矩、剪力、轴力）。接着计算竖向荷载（恒载及活荷载）作用下的结构内力，是为了找出最不利的一组或几组内力组合。选取最不安全的结果计算配筋并绘图。

关键词：多层住宅；钢筋混凝土框架；截面设计，结构设计，抗震设计

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Abstract

The graduation design is a residential building,The size about720m2.Cast-in-

place reinforced concrete frame structure,Design life of 50 years，Refractory grade II.

Structural scheme stage: According to the importance of the building, providing fortification against earthquakes in the earthquake intensity, the geologic prospect report of the project of the building site, classification and height and storey of the building of the building field are counted to confirm the structural form of architecture, what this project is adopted is frame structure. Construction is a structure disposal type in the construction practices, which is used widely in the world recently. It needs a great deal of steel and cement and makes its cost higher than mixed construction. But it is of the advantages that one is beam and column bear the force, while the wall only divides the space and the other is the disposal for a room is flexible: it makes it freely to set the sizes and shapes of the windows and doors.

Calculate stage in structure: The purpose of the design is to do the anti-seismic design in the longitudinal frames of axis 4. When the directions of the frames are determined, firstly the weight of each floor is calculated. Then the vibrate cycle is calculated by utilizing the experiential formula, then making the amount of the horizontal seismic force can be got by way of the bottom-shear force method. The seismic force can be assigned according to the shearing stiffness of the frames of the different axis. Then the internal force (bending moment, shearing force and axial force) in the structure under the horizontal loads can be easily calculated. After the determination of the internal force under the dead and live loads, the combination of internal force can be made by using the Excel software, whose purpose is to find one or several sets of the most adverse internal force of the conterminous girders, which

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