英语写作知识讲座
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写作知识讲座
张海涛
II. The structure of a paragraph and its development:
1. Structure: topic sentence, development sentence and concluding sentence
2. ways of developing a paragraph: ⑴ comparison and contrast ⑵ cause and effect
⑶ exemplification
⑷ generalization and qualification
III. some sentence patterns commonly used in controlled writing:
关于利弊优缺点的句型：
1. S + have(has) a lot of advantages over …
Compared with B, A has (or have many advantages. S + have (or has) the advantage of (good English). 2. be of great benefit to sb/sth.
benefit sb/benefit from sth. be of beneficial to do (a lot of ) good to sb. be good to sb./sth. do harm /damage to sb./sth. 3. be as (not so) good as 4. …not so much …as …
说明原因的句型：
1.There are good reasons
Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people ’s living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control. 2. We have two reasons for …
Example: We have many good reasons to object to smoking in public places. 3. The reason for …is that + 从句
Example: The reason for my being late was that I missed the bus.
表示不同看法的句型：
1. Different people different
on this
Some believe that …Others argue that ….Still others maintain that ….Y et others ……
.
2. They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3. Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.
4.They think quite differently on this question.
Examples: Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.
表示必须、紧急、有困难作某事的句型：
1. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for sb. to do sth. Examples ：1）It is expensive to run a car.
2）It is convenient to get round in the city if you own a car.
3) It is urgent for the government to take measures to control the birth rate in our
country .
It is desirable to build more hospitals shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas, and other public facilities to meet the increasing needs of the people.
2…
(in) doing sth.
They have trouble finding a satisfactory job.
….have trouble with sth. 常用谚语在（议论文中）
：
1． As a popular saying goes, “
Every coin has two sides.”
2. As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides. From one side, physical exercise is good for
your health. From the other sides, if you don ’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health.
So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way .”
4. As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.”
5. As is known to all, “No pains, no gains ”.
关于因果关系的句型：
1．higher prices was an increase in demand.
2. the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
higher prices.