高级英语第一册_Unit10

a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (o1r 5voicf e13 versa).
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The Trial That Rocked the World
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Metonymy
转
喻
1....tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers... (Para14) 2.The Christian believes that man came from above. ...(Para20) 3.The Old count’s floor might collapse under the weight (Para29)
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Oxymoron 矛盾修饰
adj. + n.
proud humility 骄傲的谦卑 present participle → adj. speaking silence 千言万语的沉默 past participle → adj. long-lived death永生的 死亡
adj. + adj.
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The Trial That Rocked the World
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Irony 反语
After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until
we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century when
The Trial that Rocked the World
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Figure of Speech
Hyperbole 夸
张
The trail that rocked the
world（Title）
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The Trial That Rocked the World
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Tr移an就sferred epithet
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Classification
adj.+ sb. —— adj.+ sth.
adj. + something -adj.+ another thing
adj. +sth. —— adj.+sb.
Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.
Judge: Order! Order! Order in the court! Prisoner：I’ll take a ham sandwich（火腿三明治） on rye with beer.
这是一则幽默笑话，作者利用order 一词的双关，它既有秩序、肃静之 意，又可作“点菜”之解来制造幽 默，法官在法庭上说order，是要犯 人安静，而犯人利用order也可作动 词“点菜”的意思，故意捣乱，令 人捧腹大笑，幽默感油然而生。
富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）有这样一句名言: We must all hang together，or we shall hang separately. 这里hang一词具有“团结”和“吊死”的意思。富兰克林用这样精
练的一句话告诫人们团结的重要性——如果不团结在一起，就可能会被 一个个吊死。
即通常所谓的说反话，正意反说，反意正说，常用于讽刺或嘲弄的场合
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The Trial That Rocked the World
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Ridicule 讥讽
Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.（Para.31) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.(Para35) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted by his son…(Para11)
基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者则认 为人一定是来自地下。
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The Trial That Rocked the World
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Pun 双关 语
One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT—INSIDE. (Para. 26) 有家商店的招牌上写道：达尔文：没错——就在 里面。
Falsely true words. 虚伪诚实的话
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Antithesis 对
照
The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below. (Para. 20)
He is not an easy writer . 他是一个作品很难读 懂的作家。easy本来用于说明事物,即修饰作品 而不是作家,作者在此移用来修饰人writer, an easy writer等于a writer whose works are easy to read 作品易懂的作家。
震撼世界的审判
将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修 饰另一类名词
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Transferred epithet 移
就
“Don’t worry, son, we’ll show them a few tricks.” Darrow had whispered
句中Darwin既为此店老板的名字，又是科 学家达尔文的名字。right既有“一直、正 好”，也有“正确的”含义，故此句的字面 意思是:“达尔文服装店”，但此句也可理解 为“达尔文学说是正确的”。
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The Trial That Rocked the World
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Example
Irony is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by 。saying the opposite of what Fra Baidu biblioteks meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.
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Synecdoche
提
喻
The case had erupted round my head.
(Para. 3)
a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (or vice versa).
unkind descriptions that are intended to make someone or something seem stupid.
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The Trial That Rocked the World
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Sarcasm 对 照
1.He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination.(Para 13) 2.“He said man had reasoning power.” “There is some doubt about that,” Darrow snorted.
reassuring属于描写人的表述词语，移来描写人 体的一部分，说明某种行为动作，使之带上人 的情感。
Darrow walked slowly round the baking court (Para. 14)
达罗绕着那气氛紧张、异常闷热的法庭踱着步。 baking本来是指烤面包，所以作者在此移来说明 另一具体事物court，描述法庭在审理这场震惊 世界的审判时紧张而闷热的气氛。
bitter-sweet memories 苦甜参半的回忆 poor rich guys 贫穷的富人 cold pleasant manner 冷淡热情的态度 bad good news 坏的好消 息
adv. + adj.
a wisely stupid idea 自 作聪明的傻主意
a mercifully fatal blow 仁慈的致命打击
Transferred epithet is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.
Dudley Field Malon called my
conviction a “victorious defeat” (Para. 45)
两个互相矛盾，互不调和的词 放在同一个短语中，产生特殊的 深刻含义的一种修辞手段。
震撼世界的审判
2020/3T/3he Trial That Rocked the World
throwing a reassuring arm round
my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (Para. 2)
就在我们静候着法庭开审的时候，达罗关切地搂住我 的肩膀低声安慰道：“别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点厉害 瞧瞧。”
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Oxymoron
矛盾 修饰
体
It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms as in bittersweet memories, orderly chaos and proud humility.
bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and
enlightenment and culture to the human mind. (Para. 14)
要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面， 直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁 胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴 堆活活烧死。”