从基因组学到蛋白质组学PPT课件
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8
The Human Proteome
• 20,300 protein coding genes • 30% lack experimental evidence for their existence • 230 cells in humans. Each cell has a different proteome • Very little information about :
Butterfly
Liver
Heart
Genomes are static, Proteomes are dynamic
6
Proteins are molecular machines of many shapes and sizes
Rubisco
Antibody
Hemoglobin
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 7
- abundance - cell type distribution - subcellular localisation - Interactions with other proteins - Function!
9
The Human Proteome
• 20,000 genes • Assume each protein contains 4 sites of post-translational modification • 2^4 x 20,000 = 320,000 protein species
for research and services • 5 leading research groups (Baker, Hancock, Haynes, Molloy, Packer) • 50 Macquarie University staff/students using APAF annually for research
13
Detection of drugs for sports anti-doping
2D Gel of urinary proteins
Native EPO Recombinant EPO is more alkaline
Khan et al. 200154
Can we a priori determine which patients will
11
Proteomics at Macquarie University
• Birthplace of the term ‘proteomics’ – Wilkins 1994 • Home of Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF) since 1995 • Largest array of proteomic instrumentation in Australia
1
The Human Genome is encoded by 23 chromosome pairs
c.2001 These encode ~20,300 different genes
2Leabharlann Baidu
DNA is composed of 4 chemical bases (nucleic acids)
A, G, C, T
The proteome is enormously large and complex
10
Proteomics is the study of the proteins in a genome at a given time
- Determining the identity of the proteins - Determining the amount of the proteins - Determining the interaction between proteins
DNA double helix
The “simple” chemistry of DNA has industrialised genomics
3
1st genome:$70M Now: $50K and decreasing rapidly
4
5
Genome vs. Proteome
Caterpillar
benefit from chemotherapy?
• All Stage C patients undergo chemo, yet only 50% need it • Of those that need it, who will benefit?
Acquire proteomic data
Identify candidate biomarkers
12
Example Applications of Proteomics
• Identify proteins in blood for disease diagnosis or prognosis • Identify proteins in plants that help with salt tolerance or drought tolerance • Bio-prospecting the environment to identify proteins with desirable properties • To better understand the role of proteins in human disease processes • In anti-sports doping to catch drug cheats
Proteins are composed of up to 20 amino acids
- Different physical and chemical properties -Proteins can fold to form unique structures to provide cellular specificity -Large dynamic range of cellular protein levels 106
The Human Proteome
• 20,300 protein coding genes • 30% lack experimental evidence for their existence • 230 cells in humans. Each cell has a different proteome • Very little information about :
Butterfly
Liver
Heart
Genomes are static, Proteomes are dynamic
6
Proteins are molecular machines of many shapes and sizes
Rubisco
Antibody
Hemoglobin
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 7
- abundance - cell type distribution - subcellular localisation - Interactions with other proteins - Function!
9
The Human Proteome
• 20,000 genes • Assume each protein contains 4 sites of post-translational modification • 2^4 x 20,000 = 320,000 protein species
for research and services • 5 leading research groups (Baker, Hancock, Haynes, Molloy, Packer) • 50 Macquarie University staff/students using APAF annually for research
13
Detection of drugs for sports anti-doping
2D Gel of urinary proteins
Native EPO Recombinant EPO is more alkaline
Khan et al. 200154
Can we a priori determine which patients will
11
Proteomics at Macquarie University
• Birthplace of the term ‘proteomics’ – Wilkins 1994 • Home of Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF) since 1995 • Largest array of proteomic instrumentation in Australia
1
The Human Genome is encoded by 23 chromosome pairs
c.2001 These encode ~20,300 different genes
2Leabharlann Baidu
DNA is composed of 4 chemical bases (nucleic acids)
A, G, C, T
The proteome is enormously large and complex
10
Proteomics is the study of the proteins in a genome at a given time
- Determining the identity of the proteins - Determining the amount of the proteins - Determining the interaction between proteins
DNA double helix
The “simple” chemistry of DNA has industrialised genomics
3
1st genome:$70M Now: $50K and decreasing rapidly
4
5
Genome vs. Proteome
Caterpillar
benefit from chemotherapy?
• All Stage C patients undergo chemo, yet only 50% need it • Of those that need it, who will benefit?
Acquire proteomic data
Identify candidate biomarkers
12
Example Applications of Proteomics
• Identify proteins in blood for disease diagnosis or prognosis • Identify proteins in plants that help with salt tolerance or drought tolerance • Bio-prospecting the environment to identify proteins with desirable properties • To better understand the role of proteins in human disease processes • In anti-sports doping to catch drug cheats
Proteins are composed of up to 20 amino acids
- Different physical and chemical properties -Proteins can fold to form unique structures to provide cellular specificity -Large dynamic range of cellular protein levels 106