例谈英语阅读中长难句的分析

例谈英语阅读中长难句的分析

导读:从近年高考试题来看，有些结构较复杂的长难句，往往是某些细节理解题、推理判断题、正误判断题的依据；同时对解答段落大意、主旨标题类题目也有直接的或间接的作用。因此，正确分析和理解英语中的长难句就显得非常重要。英语中的长难句往往一个从句套着一个

从近年高考试题来看，有些结构较复杂的长难句，往往是某些细节理解题、推理判断题、正误判断题的依据；同时对解答段落大意、主旨标题类题目也有直接的或间接的作用。因此，正确分析和理解英语中的长难句就显得非常重要。

英语中的长难句往往一个从句套着一个从句，环环相扣，或使用一些特殊的语法结构或手段，如省略、倒装、分隔结构、介词短语、插入语等，使得考生弄不清楚整个句子结构，对理解造成了障碍。其实，不管句子有多复杂，句子有多长，它主要由两部分组成：主干部分和修饰部分。主干部分是整个句子的骨架，是句子要说明的核心内容，通常为

主谓（宾）结构或主系表结构；而修饰成分在句中起修饰或补充说明主干的作用，它可以是单词、短语、非谓语动词、介词短语、插入语，也可以是各种名词性从句、形容词性从句或状语从句等。

下面结合一些阅读文章中的长难句，介绍一种常用的分析长难句的方法——结构分析法。

所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：第一步：找连词，确定是复杂的简单句，还是并列句或复合句，注意关系词或连接词的提示；第二步：找到句子的主干部分，分清主语和谓语，划出第一层的从句；第三步：先分析第一层从句，然后再分析第二层、第三层从句，或分析非谓语动词、插入成分或倒装结构等。

1. (Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing up.) Using these four claws, together with the beak(喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done.（2010年，全国卷

I，阅读C篇)

What can we infer about primitive birds from the text

A. They had claws to help them climb.

B. They could fly long distances.

C. They had four wings like a hoatzins.

D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.

答案：A。

分析：本句比较复杂，分别使用了现在分词、介词短语

以及状语从句等。句子的主干部分为they can climb about

in the bushes(其中they指上句出现的baby hoatzins), looking very much like primitive birds must have done, looking very much like...为现在分词短语作状语，其中

like primitive birds must have done（done替代

climbed）为状语从句；现在分词using these four claws

为方式状语，介词短语together with the beak作状语。

参考译文：他们能够使用这四个爪子和喙在丛林中爬来

爬去，看上去很像原始鸟类那样。

2. Dogs owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall — mostly with their dogs — and found it worth doing.(2010, 全国卷I, 阅读D篇) In the sentence, we can learn that the researchers reported that ________________.

A. people with dogs did more exercise

B. dogs lost the same weight as people did

C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did

D. people without dogs found it useful doing exercise with dogs

答案：A。

分析：从连词but, and来看，该句主要为几个并列谓语，即didn’t lose any more weight..., but, got more exercise overall... and found it worth doing，其中第一个谓语后有一个省略了的比较状语从句than those without dogs, 在but后还有一个插入成分say researchers，破折号— mostly with their dogs进行补充

说明。

参考译文：养狗的人并不比不养狗的人体重下降多少，但是，据研究人员说，(他们)能够得到全身心的锻炼—多数和他们的狗一起—而且还发现这很值得（去做）。

3. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his

irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. (2010, 广东卷，阅读B篇)

When your colleague brings about a problem, you should _____________.

A. find a better way to handle the problem

B. blame him for his lack of responsibility

C. tell him to find the cause of the problem

D. ask a more able colleague for help

答案：A。

分析：通过连词if可知，本句是个复合句，主句为祈使句find ways of dealing with...，在从句中on the job作