特殊语法现象

特殊语法现象
倒装
完全倒装：主语和谓语完全颠倒How are you?
部分倒装：只将助动词（包括情态动词）移到主语前Seldom have we been so happy.
处理方式：将倒装结构还原为主谓宾结构来理解句意
常见的主谓倒装
1.否定词或否定含义短语引起的倒装
当句首为否定词never，seldom, hardly, little, few, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, under no circumstances, by no means, in no way时，后面的主语和谓语的语序要颠倒。

Never shall I take the TOFEL test without preparing for it.
Not until the day before the TOFEL test did I realize the importance of preparing for it.
2.省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装
虚拟结构中的条件从句省略if时，动词were，had，should需要移到主语前。

Were I you, I wuldn’t do that.
Had you reciteed all the words, you would have got a high score in TOFEL.
3.关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装
关联连词not only…but also…, neither…nor…,hardly, scarcely, barely…when…, no sooner…than…, so/such…that等位于句首时，进行部分倒装；如果谓语动词是现在进行时/一般过去时，要进行全部到装。

So excited was he that he couldn’t speak.
Not only should we recite all the words, but also we should read all the passages.
4.状语从句里的倒装
在as引导的让步状语从句中，可以将形容词，名词，副词或者谓语的一部分放在句首，形成部分倒装。

而在as引导的方式状语从句，than引导的比较状语从句结构中，如果主语比较长，可以通过谓语前置形成部分倒装。

Tired as he was, he continued the work.
The north usually receives more snow than does the south.
He believes, as did his friends, that play should be part of students’ life.
5.副词so, neither, nor 引起的倒装
分句以so（表示’也如此）nor，neither开头时，主语和谓语一般采用疑问句格式的倒装。

I’ve decided to study hard, so has Tommy.
6.Here, there, now, than 等引起的倒装。

当句首为上述词，且后面的谓语是be，come，go，follow等时，主语和谓语常倒装。

Here is the result you’ve expected.
7.Hence, thus, only, often, many a time等引起的倒装
Only after they had mastered all the skills did they succeed.
Thus ended the lesson.
8.The more…the more…倒装结构
The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
9.强调某成分引起的倒装
Down came the elevator.
Written on the cover is my motto, “stay hungry, stay foolish.’’
形式主语和形式宾语
形式主语最常见结构
It + be + adj. +(for sb)+ to do/doing/that…
It + be done + that……
It + take+ sb+ money/time + to do sth.
It’s stupid to fall asleep like that.
It’s found that English is actually quite easy.
It took me 20days to remember all those words.
形式宾语常见结构
S+v.+ it + adj. + doing sth./to do sth./that…..
I found it interesting to read TOFEL reading passages.
强调句
强调句指用来强调某部分内容的结构，英语中常见的强调结构是
It + be + 被强调部分（主语/宾语/状语）+ who/that。

John took Jane to the party last night.
强调John：it was John who took Jane to the party last night.
强调Jane / 地点状语/时间状语
She dumped you because she didn’t love you anymore.
虚拟语气
表示主观的假设，愿望，建议等。

If + v.ed, subject would do.(与现在事实相反)
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
If + had done, subject + would have done. (与过去事实相反)
If you had recited all those words, you would have got a high score in TOFEL test.
Subject+ would/could/ might have done. (与过去事实相反)
You could’ve done it better.。