不定式和v-ing分词作结果状语

一. 不定式和v.-ing分词作结果状语

【疑难分析】两者都可放在句末作结果状语，表示句子谓语动词所表示的动作发生之后再发生的情况。区别在于：不定式表示“出乎意料”的结果，常和only连用；v.-ing分词表示“意料之中”的结果，常用逗号和前面句子隔开。如：

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.

Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her.

【高考链接】

1. He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets had been sold out.

(2006全国II)

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling

D. told

2. It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.

(2010天津卷)

A. caused

B. having caused

C. causing

D. to cause

【温馨提示】不定式放在句末还可作目的状语；v.-ing分词放在句末还可作伴随状语、方式状语和补充说明谓语的具体动作。如：

They went to Zhuhai to attend the air show. 他们去珠海参加航空展览了。(目的状语) The monkey shouted at us, showing its teeth. 那只猴子露出牙齿对着我们大喊大叫。(方式状语)

The students walked along the road，talking and laughing. 学生们沿着马路边走边说笑。(伴随状语)

She works in the manager’s office, dealing with letters and documents. 她在经理办公室工作，处理信件和文件。(补充说明)

【高考链接】

3. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank

presents for my dad. (2010全国I)

A. buy

B. to buy

C. buying

D. to have bought

4. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Oinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010福建卷)

A. sending

B. to send

C. having sent

D. to have sent

5. The lady walked around the shops, an eye out for bargains.(2010江西卷)

A. keep

B. kept

C. keeping

D. to keep

二. 不定式和动词的现在分词作主语

【疑难分析】两者都能作句子的主语。区别在于：表示某一具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式，常置于句末，句首用it作形式主语；表示比较抽象或泛指一般的行为倾向时，多用动词的现在分词形式。如：

Looking after the children is her job. 照看孩子是她的工作。

To talk with you is my desire. → It is my desire to talk with you. 和你谈话是我的愿望。

【高考链接】

6. The doctor thought would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010全国II)

A. this

B. that

C. one

D. it

7. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help. (2005北京卷)

A. To have had

B. Having had

C. Have

D. Having

【温馨提示】当句子的表语是nice，interesting，fun，useless，no use，no good，no need，a waste of time等形容词或名词时，句首可用it作形式主语，把v.-ing

分词放在句末。如：

It’s a waste of time trying to persuade him to go with us. 试图说服他和我们去是浪费时间。

【高考链接】

8. Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use with him.

(2006上海卷)

A. to argue

B. arguing

C. argued

D. having argued

三. v.-ing分词的完成被动式和过去分词作状语

【疑难分析】两者都可位于句首作状语，一般情况下v.-ing分词的完成被动式与过去分

词可相互替换，因为它们均可表示“完成与被动”双重意义，即句子的主语是分词所表示的动作的承受者，并且其动作在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生”。如：

Having been repaired (=Repaired) carefully, the house looks like a new one. 那房子精心维

修之后，看起来像新的一样。

【高考链接】

9. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008陕西卷)

A. Having shown

B. To be shown

C. Having been shown

D. To shown

10. twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

(2009北京卷)

A. Being beaten

B. Beaten

C. Having beaten

D. To be beaten

【温馨提示】若强调“动作完成”，则宜用v.-ing分词的完成被动式。如：

Having been examined carefully, the patient was sent back to the ward again. 经过仔细检查后，那位病人又被送进了病房。

Key：1-5 BCBAC 6-10 DDBCB