艾伦坡 乌鸦 the raven中英对照
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tz vetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
The-Raven译文
乌鸦爱伦坡一次午夜时，我疲惫不堪困意浓，稀奇古事挥不掉----低头小憩时，忽闻窗外叩拍声，好似有人轻轻把门敲----心想必有来客访----为此无他响。
啊，我铭记那是在凄凉寒冬十二月；灰死空留断魂烙。
欲把情愁付书海，难忘佳丽魂已销----举世无双窈窕女，安琪唤其叫勒诺---- 香销玉逝无人叫。
丝帘哀怨簌簌响，莫名恐惧心头涌；屏息起身细思忖，“过客欲求栖身所----夜深探问把门敲，为此无他响。
”霎时心定意坚不狐疑，开口来问寻，“先生/夫人请见谅，意懒心倦正自烦，叩门之音未听确。
”就此开门将客迎；夜浓，无人影。
定足凝望，漫漫长夜心悬疑，恰似幽梦初醒自难忘，夜阑无声，静寂无形，唯我低声唤勒诺，凄然旷野映回声----为此无他响。
转身回屋，心有余悸难平息，窗边又起叩击声，阵阵不绝耳。
“始知屋外不明之物在眼前，欲将个中究竟细细探----安神初定前去找，唯风无他响。
”卷帘开窗，鼓翼振翅飞入一乌鸦，神态自若如智者；不卑不亢，快若迅雷栖我处，风度无人肖----飞旋落定如玉女神帕拉丝----宜栖宜坐岿不动。
但见其神情肃穆现高贵，顿使我悲郁情怀化笑颜，“你貌若凡鸟而神自定，让我想起古之神鹊黄泉落，敢问你彼岸尊姓和大名，”乌鹊答道“永不再会”。
其貌不扬一小鸟，吐字清晰令人奇，纵然词不搭意难自圆，世人罕有此经历，有幸目睹它登门，飞落室内神雕塑，自唤名曰“永不再会”。
只见它静若雕像独端坐，倾注灵魂于斯语，唯此不言也不动----我低声哀叹“亲朋皆逝我独留----明日它亦弃我而去无望还。
”乌鸦即和“永不再会”。
惊闻接语称心又体贴，始知其开口无他语，必逢主人不幸遭磨难，无奈常叹此一言，长歌当哭忧愤起，感慨“永不再会”。
而我已是悲思转笑颜，侧身就座其栖息处，慵倦陷沉思，揣度这只亘古不祥鸟，冷酷，笨拙，恐怖又憔悴，缘和嘶叫“永不再会”。
我攒眉思忖不作响，眼前它目光炯炯将我灼；见我心驰神态依旧，灯下安然斜靠丝绒丝绒衬，而今物是人非，纵心念佳人，已是永不再会。
theravenbyedgarallanpoe：爱伦·坡的《乌鸦》by
The Raven By: Edgar Allan Poe Adaptation By: Robert GagnonCharacters:Man-The Raven-Narrator-Sound FXLightingCameraSceneNarrator: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.(Pause)Man: (in seat) 'Tis some visitor, tapping at my chamber door; onlythis, and nothing more.Narrator: Ah, distinctly I remember, it was in the bleak December,and each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I wished the morrow; vainly I had sought to borrow from my book surcease of sorrow, sorrow for the lost Lenore, for the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore, Nameless here forevermore. And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me---filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; So that now, tostill the beating of my heart, I stood repeating,(Pause)Man: (in A Scared and Excited Tone of Voice) ‘Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door, some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door. This it is, and nothing more.Narrator: Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, (Pause)Man: Sir, (Pause) (Stands)Narrator:said I (Pause)Man: (Walks towards Door places head upon Door as if to hear something) or madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;But the fact is, I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,That I scarce was sure I heard you. (Pause)Narrator: Here I opened wide the door(Man opens Door)Narrator: Darkness there, and nothing more.Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, (Pause)Man: (Whisper) LenoreNarrator: This I whispered and an echo murmured back the word (whisper) “Lenore" Merely this, and nothing more. Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, soon again I heard a tapping, something louder than before, (Pause)Man: (Fearful Voice) Surely (Pause)Narrator: said I.Man: surely, that is something at my window lattice.Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore.Let my heart be still a moment, and this mystery explore.'Tis the wind, and nothing more.(Walks to Window and proceeds to Open Shutter)Narrator:Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, in there stepped a stately raven, of the saintly days of yore. (ENTER RAVEN Man stumbles back)Narrator: Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he; But with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door. Perched upon a bust of Pallas, just above my chamber door,Perched, and sat, and nothing more. Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling, by the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, (Pause)Man: Though thy crest be shorn and shaven thou, (Pause)Narrator: I said(Pause)Man: (Happy Voice) art sure no craven, Ghastly, grim, and ancient raven, wandering from the nightly shore. Tell me what the lordly name is on the Night's plutonian shore.Narrator: Quoth the raven,Raven: Nevermore.(LIGHTNING AND THUNDER)(Man blankly looks to the open shutter and falls back into his seat)Narrator: Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning, little relevancy bore;For we cannot help agreeing that no living human beingEver yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door,Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,With such name as "Nevermore.” But the raven, sitting lonely on that placid bust, spoke only that one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. Nothing further then he uttered; not a feather then he fluttered; till I scarcely more than muttered, (Pause)Man: (looks at the raven angrily) Other friends have flown before; on the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before.Narrator: Then the bird said,Raven: Nevermore.(LIGHTNING AND THUNDER)Narrator: Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, (Pause)Man: Doubtless, (looks sad to his book in hand) (Pause)Narrator: said I, (Pause)Man: What it utters is its only stock and store, Caught from some unhappy master, whom unmerciful disaster Followed fast and followed faster, till his songs one burden bore, ---till the dirges of his hope that melancholy burden bore of "Never---nevermore."Narrator: But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,(Man turns seat)Narrator: Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, andbust and door;Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linkingFancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore --What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt and ominous bird of yoreMeant in croaking "Nevermore." Thus I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing To the fowl, whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core; This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloatedo'er, But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er (Man gets Angry)Narrator: She shall press, ah, nevermore! Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by seraphim whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor. (Pause)Man: (Angry Voice) (YELLS and Points to the Raven) Wretch, (Pause) Narrator: I cried,Man: thy God hath lent thee -- by these angels he hathsent thee respite---respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore! Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget this lost Lenore!Narrator: Quoth the raven.Raven: Nevermore.(LIGHTNING AND THUNDER)Man: (Speak faster)Prophet! (Pause)Narrator: said I,Man: thing of evil!--prophet still, if bird or devil!Whether tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted--On this home by horror haunted--tell me truly, I implore:Is there--is there balm in Gilead?--tell me--tell me I implore!Narrator: Quoth the raven.Raven: Nevermore.(LIGHTNING AND THUNDER)Man: (Fastest) Prophet! (Man gets out of his Chair) (Pause)Narrator: said I,Man: thing of evil--prophet still, if bird or devil!By that heaven that bends above us--by that God we both adore--Tell this soul with sorrow laden, if, within the distant Aidenn,(Slow) It shall clasp a sainted maiden, whom the angels name Lenore---Clasp a rare and radiant maiden, whom the angels name Lenore?Narrator: Quoth the raven.Raven: Nevermore.(LIGHTNING AND THUNDER)Man: (Yells out) Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend! (Pause)Narrator: I shrieked, upstarting-(Man goes Crazy)Man: Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken! -- quit the bust above my door!Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!Narrator: Quoth the raven.Raven: Nevermore(LIGHTNING AND THUNDER)Narrator: And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming.And the lamplight o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted(Man Falls and the raven Comes over, Covers the man)Raven: (Looks at audience) Nevermore. (Quiet)…FIN…Below is given annual work summary, do not need friends can download after editor deleted Welcome to visit againXXXX annual work summaryDear every leader, colleagues:Look back end of XXXX, XXXX years of work, have the joy of success in your work, have a collaboration with colleagues, working hard, also have disappointed when encountered difficulties and setbacks. Imperceptible in tense and orderly to be over a year, a year, under the loving care and guidance of the leadership of the company, under the support and help of colleagues, through their own efforts, various aspects have made certain progress, better to complete the job. For better work, sum up experience and lessons, will now work a brief summary.To continuously strengthen learning, improve their comprehensive quality. With good comprehensive quality is the precondition of completes the labor of duty and conditions. A year always put learning in the important position, trying to improve their comprehensive quality. Continuous learning professional skills, learn from surrounding colleagues with rich work experience, equip themselves with knowledge, the expanded aspect of knowledge, efforts to improve their comprehensive quality.The second Do best, strictly perform their responsibilities. Set up the company, to maximize the customer to the satisfaction of the company's products, do a good job in technical services and product promotion to the company. And collected on the properties of the products of the company, in order to make improvement in time, make the products better meet the using demand of the scene.Three to learn to be good at communication, coordinating assistance. On‐site technical service personnel should not only have strong professional technology, should also have good communication ability, a lot of a product due to improper operation to appear problem, but often not customers reflect the quality of no, so this time we need to find out the crux, and customer communication, standardized operation, to avoid customer's mistrust of the products and even the damage of the company's image. Some experiences in the past work, mentality is very important in the work, work to have passion, keep the smile of sunshine, can close the distance between people, easy to communicate with the customer. Do better in the daily work to communicate with customers and achieve customer satisfaction, excellent technical service every time, on behalf of the customer on our products much a understanding and trust.Fourth, we need to continue to learn professional knowledge, do practical grasp skilled operation. Over the past year, through continuous learning and fumble, studied the gas generation, collection and methods, gradually familiar with and master the company introduced the working principle, operation method of gas machine. With the help of the department leaders and colleagues, familiar with and master the launch of the division principle, debugging method of the control system, and to wuhan Chen Guchong garbage power plant of gas machine control system transformation, learn to debug, accumulated some experience. All in all, over the past year, did some work, have also made some achievements, but the results can only represent the past, there are some problems to work, can't meet the higher requirements. In the future work, I must develop the oneself advantage, lack of correct, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, for greater achievements. Looking forward to XXXX years of work, I'll be more efforts, constant progress in their jobs, make greater achievements. Every year I have progress, the growth of believe will get greater returns, I will my biggest contribution to the development of the company, believe inyourself do better next year!I wish you all work study progress in the year to come.。
乌鸦爱伦坡摘抄
乌鸦爱伦坡摘抄Quoth the raven:"Nevermore."乌鸦说：“永不复”。
If the people we love are stolen from us,the way to have them live on,is to remember them. Building burn,people die,but real love is forever. ——《The Crow》如果我们所爱的人从我们身边被偷走，要使他们继续留在我们身边，就要记住他们。
建筑会被焚毁，人会死去，而真爱永存。
Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore of'Never-nevermore'?And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floorShall be lifted - nevermore!那乌鸦并没飞走，它仍然栖息，仍然栖息在房门上方那苍白的帕拉斯半身雕像上面；它的眼光与正在做梦的魔鬼的眼光一模一样，照在它身上的灯光把它的阴影投射在地板；而我的灵魂，会从那团在地板上漂浮的阴影中解脱么——永不复焉！——《乌鸦》爱伦·坡。
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
The Raven中英文赏析
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
在乌鸦出场时，悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字，乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”，但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时，当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时，以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时，乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答，也正是这个词，使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。
2、场景设置读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷：阴森的气氛，令人毛骨悚然的场景，神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜，除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音，周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂，屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下，而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗，突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响，但当他打开房门查看时，却不见敲门人，只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。
[终稿]爱伦坡小说中英文对照
![[终稿]爱伦坡小说中英文对照](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9b10071cba68a98271fe910ef12d2af90342a852.png)
诗歌诗Poetry哦，时代！哦，风尚！O,Tempor! O,Mores!致玛格丽特To Mrgret“致奥克塔维娅” To Octvi帖木儿Tmerlne歌Song梦Drems亡灵Spirits of the Ded模仿Imittion“诗节”Stnzs"一个梦 Drem“最快乐的日子” The Hppiest Dy湖——致—— The Lke — To ——十四行诗——致科学 To Science阿尔阿拉夫 l rf传奇Romnce埃德加·爱伦·坡致河—— To The River ——仙境Firy-Lnd“孤独” "lone"“致艾萨克·利” To Isc Le伊丽莎白 Elizbeth一首离合诗 n crostic“咏乔·洛克” Lines on Joe Locke致海伦To Helen以色拉费 Isrfel睡美人The Sleeper不安的山谷 The Vlley of Unrest海中之城 The City in the Se丽诺尔Lenore致乐园中的一位 To One in Prdise赞歌Ltin Hymn//Hymn谜Enigm小夜曲Serende罗马大圆形竞技场 The Coliseum新婚小调 Bridl Blld十四行诗——致桑特岛闹鬼的宫殿 The Hunted Plce十四行诗——静 Silence, Sonnet征服者爬虫 The Conqueror Worm梦境Drem-Lnd尤拉丽——歌 Eullie乌鸦The Rven赠——的情人节礼物Vlentine“深眠黄土” Deep in Erth致路易丝·奥利维亚·亨特小姐To Miss Louise Olivi Hunter致M.L.S—— To M. L. S尤娜路姆——一首歌谣Ullume — Blld一个谜n Enigm钟The Bells致海伦To Helen梦中之梦 Drem Within Drem献给安妮 For nnie黄金国Eldordo致我的母亲 To My Mother安娜贝尔·李nnbel Lee戏剧《波利希安》选场（一至五场未完）Scenes From 'Politin'哥特小说梅岑格施泰因Metzengerstein：孤僻暴戾的贵族宠爱壁毯中走下的红色魔马，纵容其生吃人肉的故事。
【VIP专享】The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
英语学习资料：英语寓言故事带翻译：乌鸦和渡鸦
英语学习资料：英语寓言故事带翻译：乌鸦和渡鸦英语寓言故事带翻译：乌鸦和渡鸦The Crow and the RavenA CROW was jealous of the Raven, because he was considered a bird of good omen and always attracted the attention of men, who noted by his flight the good or evil course of future events.Seeing some travelers approaching, the Crow flew up into a tree, and perching herself on one of the branches, cawed as loudly as she could. The travelers turned towards the sound and wondered what it foreboded, when one of them said to his panion, "Let us proceed on our journey, my friend, for it is only the caw of a crow, and her cry, you know, is no omen."乌鸦妒忌渡鸦，因为渡鸦被认为是会带来好运的鸟，总是吸引着那些笃信运程好坏的人的注意。
有一次，乌鸦看到有游客接近，便飞向大树，栖息在一枝树枝里，大声地尖叫。
游客们转向声源处，寻思着这个声音预示着什么。
其中一位游客对同伴说，“我们继续我们的旅程吧，这只是一只乌鸦的叫声，她的叫声，你们知道的，不能预兆什么。
”。
爱伦坡的《乌鸦》The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe(贾辰阳译)
乌鸦很久前一个阴郁的午夜，我感到疲惫而又慵懒一边沉思着那些早已为世人遗忘的离奇书卷一边又点头连连，睡意恹恹。
忽有敲门声回响在耳畔仿佛有人轻轻地、轻轻地叩响了我的门环“这是某位来客”，我嘀咕着说，“在把房门叩击——仅此而已，别无它事！”啊！我至今清晰犹记，那是一个凄楚的冬季每一块儿将尽而未尽的木炭，依然在地板上幽灵般熰燃我急切地守候着天亮，并且徒劳地希望能够在书中聊且把悲伤埋葬，为那逝去的丽诺而哀伤为那天使称其为丽诺的、明净而又唯一的姑娘，——而今却永远，无以仿佛其形象。
每一个紫色的丝绸窗帘，都发出瑟瑟的低沉哀怨让我心惊，让我感到前所未有的莫名惶恐直到现在，我的心仍旧在不停悸动“这是某位来客，恳请借宿休息某位晚归的来客，恳请借宿于此——仅此而已，别无它事！”我的心很快变得坚强，不再那么犹豫而又彷徨“先生？或者是女士”，我说，“我真诚地向您表达歉意当您前来敲门儿，正好我正在打盹儿您轻轻地敲门，是如此之轻盈以至于我不能肯定，我是否真的听清。
”于是我把房门打开——但见漆黑一片，空无一物存在我极目向黑暗中张望，长久地矗立着，恐惧而又迷茫疑虑、冥思，冥思那些无人敢于冥思的问题然而沉静依然如故，死寂一如其初唯一听到的话语，是那低声的私语，“丽诺？”我这么说着，并听到回声从耳旁掠过，“丽诺！”仅此而已，别无它事。
转身走入房门，心中犹如火焚更响的敲门声再次响起“肯定是”，我说，“肯定是什么东西扰动了窗格子让我去，让我去探清那里的秘密让我的心稍事平息，好弄清楚这里的底细。
”——是风而已，别无它事。
当我伸手拉开百叶窗，却看到一只乌鸦振动着翅膀一只远古传说中的庄严的乌鸦从天而降没有半点的谦恭，没有半刻的暂停俨然一位夫人或主人，蹲居于我的房门恰恰蹲居在我的房门之上，栖息于那尊半身的雅典娜塑像——就这样蹲居，就这样栖息，仅此而已，别无它事。
我的迷思变成了微笑皆因这黑鸟阴沉而又冷峻的容貌“尽管你的鸟冠平坦如剪，你却一定不是懦夫”，我敢断言“不是阴森可怖的古老乌鸦，飞离于冥夜的海岸告诉我，在普鲁同的冥夜之岸，该如何把你高贵的名字呼唤！”乌鸦答曰：“永不复焉。
高中英语课文阅读TheRaven乌鸦
The Raven 乌鸦Edgar Allen PoeOnce upon a midnight dreadry, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door."'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door; Only this, and nothing more."Ah, distinctly I remember, it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of surrow, sorrow for the lostLenore,. For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore, Nameless here forevermore.And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Tilled me---filled me with fantastic terrors never feltbefore;So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating,"'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamberdoor,Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door.This is it, and nothing more."Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,"Sir," said I, "or madam, truly your forgiveness I implore; But the fact is, I was napping, and so gently you came rapping, And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at mycham-ber door, That I scarce was sure I heard you." Here I opened wide the door;--- Darkness there, and nothing more.Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there, won- dering, fearing Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before;Butthe silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,And the only word there spoken was the whispered word,"Lenore?",This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!" Merely this, and nothing more.Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,Soon again I heard a tapping,something louderthan before, "Surely," said I, "surely, that is something at my window lattice.Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore.Let my heart be still a moment, and this mystery explore.'Tis the wind, and nothing more."Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, In there stepped a stately raven, of the saintly days of yore.Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he; But with mien of lord or lady, perched above my cham-ber door.Perched upon a bust of Pallas, just above my chamberdoor,Perched, and sat, and nothing more.Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling, By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, "Though thy crest be shorn and shaven thou," I said, "artsureno craven, Ghastly, grim, and ancient raven, wandering from the nightly shore.Tell me what the lordly name is on the Night's Pluton-ian shore."Quoth the raven, "Nevermore."Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,Though its answer little meaning, little relevancy bore;For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his cham- ber door, Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his cham- ber door,With such name as "Nevermore."But the raven, sitting lonely on that placid bust, spoke only That one word, as if his soul in that one word he didoutpour.Nothing further then he uttered; not a feather then he fluttered;Till I scarcely more than muttered,"Other friends have flown before;On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before."Then the bird said,"Nevermore."startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock andstore,Caught from some unhappy master, whom unmerciful disaster Followed fast and followed faster, till his songs one burden bore,--- Till the dirges of his hope that melancholy burden bore Of "Never---nevermore."But the raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling, Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door;,Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird ofyore,What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore Meant in croaking, "Nevermore."Thus I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing To the fowl, whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core; This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease re- clining On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er, But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er She shall press, ah, nevermore!Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from anunseen censer Swung by seraphim whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor."Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee -- by these angels he hath sent thee Respite---respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore!Quaff, O quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget this lost Lenore!"Quoth the raven, "Nevermore!""Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!--prophet still, if bird or devil!Whether tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted--On this home by horror haunted--tell me truly, I implore: Is there--is there balm in Gilead?--tell me--tell me I im-plore!"Quoth the raven, "Nevermore.""Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil--prophet still, if bird or devil!By that heaven that bends above us--by that God we both adore--Tell this soul with sorrow laden, if, within the distant Aidenn,It shall clasp a sainted maiden, whom the angels name Lenore--- Clasp a rare and radiant maiden, whom the angels name Lenore?Quoth the raven, "Nevermore.""Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!' I shrieked, upstarting--"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Pluton- ian shore!Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!Leave my loneliness unbroken! -- quit the bust above my door!Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!"Quoth the raven, "Nevermore."And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming.And the lamplight o'er him streaming throws the shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted---nevermore!。
艾伦坡-《乌鸦》中英对照
The Raven 乌鸦Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.“’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—Only this and nothing more.”Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had sought to borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore—For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore—Nameless here for evermore.And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating“’Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; —This it is and nothing more.”Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, “Sir,” said I, “or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, That I scarce was sure I heard you”—here I opened wide the door; —那是一个沉寂的午夜，许多已被忘却的恢诡谲怪萦绕心头，使我精疲力竭。
TheRaven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
The Raven 乌鸦
The Raven 乌鸦The RavenOnce upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weakry. Over many a quint and curious volume of forgotten lore.While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door."'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door-- Only this, and nothing more."Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; -vainly I had tried to borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow(1)-sorrow for the lost Lenore- For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore- Nameless here for evermoreAnd the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtainThrilled me-filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating" ' Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;-This it is and nothing more.Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, "Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, That I scarce was sure I heard you"--here I opened wide the door; Darkness there, and nothing more.Deep into that: darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearingDoubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!" This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, " Lenore! " Merely this, and nothing more.Then into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon I heard again a tapping somewhat louder than before. "Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;'Tis the wind, and nothing more!Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter.In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore;Not the least obeisance made he; not an instant stopped or stayed he; But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door- Perched upon a bust of Pallas(2) just above my chamber door- Perched, and sat, and nothing more.Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, "Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore- Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night ' s Plutonian shore! (3) "Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning-little relevancy hore;For we cannot help agreeing that no sublunary being (4)Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door-Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above I us chamber door,With such mime as "Nevermore.But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke onlyThat one word, as if his soul in that ill~ word he did outpour.Nothing farther then he uttered-not a feather then he fluttered-Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before- On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before. " Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "Wondering at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, "Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store(5)," Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster Followed fast and followed fastel-so, when Hope he would adjure, Stern Despair returned, instead of the sweet Hope he dared adjure- That sad answer, "Nevermore!"But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust, and door;Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linkingFancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore Meant in croaking "Nevermore. "This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressingTo the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease recliningOn the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er,But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er,She shall press, ah, nevermore!Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. "Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent theeRespite-respite and Nepenthe(6) from thy memories of Lenore!Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. ""Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil! - Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted-On this home by Horror haunted-tell me truly, I implore-Is there-is there balm in Gilead?(7)-tell me-tell me, I implore!"Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. ""Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil!By that Heaven that bends above us-by that God we both adore-Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn (8),It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore-Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. ""Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked,upstarting-"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's plutonian shore!Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken! -quit the bust above my door!Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door! " Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,And the lamp-light o' er him streaming throve his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out chat shadow that lies floating on the floorShall be lifted-nevermore!注释：（1）I had tried to borrow from my books surcease of sorrow: 我竭力读书，想以此排遣心中的哀伤。
the raven译文
乌鸦爱伦·坡著◇曹明伦译（安徽文艺出版社1999年版本）从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭，面对许多古怪而离奇、并早已被人遗忘的书卷；当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂，仿佛有人在轻轻叩击——轻轻叩击我房间的门环。
“有客来也”，我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的门环，惟此而已，别无他般。
”哦，我清楚地记得那是在风凄雨冷的十二月，每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
我当时真盼望翌日——因为我已经枉费心机想用书来消除伤悲，消除因失去丽诺尔的伤感，因那位被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳，在此已抹去芳名，直至永远。
那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布使我心中充满前所未有的恐惧，我毛骨悚然；为平息我心儿的悸跳．我站起身反复念叨“这是有客人想进屋，正在叩我房间的门环，更深夜半有客人想进屋，正在叩我房间的门环，惟此而已，别无他般。
”于是我的心变得坚强；不再犹疑，不再彷徨，“先生”，我说，“或夫人，我求你多多包涵；刚才我正睡意昏昏，而你敲门又敲得那么轻，你敲门又敲得那么轻，轻轻叩我房间的门环，我差点以为没听见你”，说着我打开门扇——但惟有黑夜，别无他般。
凝视着夜色幽幽，我站在门边惊惧良久，疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻；可那未被打破的寂静，没显示任何象征，“丽诺尔？”便是我嗫嚅念叨的惟一字眼，我念叨“丽诺尔”，回声把这名字轻轻送还；惟此而已，别无他般。
我转身回到房中，我的整个心烧灼般疼痛，很快我又听到叩击声，比刚才听起来明显。
“肯定”，我说，“肯定有什么在我的窗棂；让我瞧瞧是什么在那儿，去把那秘密发现，让我的心先镇静一会儿，去把那秘密发现；那不过是风，别无他般！”然后我推开了窗户，随着翅膀的一阵猛扑，一只神圣往昔的乌鸦庄重地走进我房间；它既没向我致意问候，也没有片刻的停留，而是以绅士淑女的风度栖到我房门的上面，栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面；栖息在那儿，仅如此这般。
于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑，以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜，“冠毛虽被剪除”，我说，“但你显然不是懦夫，你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦，漂泊来自夜的彼岸，请告诉我你尊姓大名，在黑沉沉的冥府阴间！”乌鸦答曰“永不复焉”。
最新The-Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tz vetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
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第二页：Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. "'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door-Only this, and nothing more.从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭，面对许多古怪而离奇、并早已被人遗忘的书卷；当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂，仿佛有人在轻轻叩击——轻轻叩击我房间的门环。
“有客来也”，我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的门环，“惟此而已，别无他般。
”"Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore-For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-Nameless here for evermore.哦，我清楚地记得那是在风凄雨冷的十二月，每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
我当时真盼望翌日——因为我已经枉费心机想用书来消除伤悲，消除因失去丽诺尔的伤感，因那位被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳，在此已抹去芳名，直至永远。
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me -filed me with fantastic terrors never felt before;So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating, "'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;-This it is, and nothing more.那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布使我心中充满前所未有的恐惧，我毛骨悚然；为平息我心儿的悸跳．我站起身反复念叨“这是有客人想进屋，正在叩我房间的门环，更深夜半有客人想进屋，正在叩我房间的门环，“惟此而已，别无他般。
”"Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, "Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,That I scarce was sure I heard you"—here I opened wide the door;-Darkness there, and nothing more.于是我的心变得坚强；不再犹疑，不再彷徨，“先生”，我说，“或夫人，我求你多多包涵；刚才我正睡意昏昏，而你敲门又敲得那么轻，你敲门又敲得那么轻，轻轻叩我房间的门环，我差点以为没听见你”，说着我打开门扇——但惟有黑夜，别无他般。
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!" This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!"-Merely this, and nothing more.凝视着夜色幽幽，我站在门边惊惧良久，疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻；可那未被打破的寂静，没显示任何象征，“丽诺尔？”便是我嗫嚅念叨的惟一字眼，我念叨“丽诺尔”，回声把这名字轻轻送还；惟此而已，别无他般。
第三页：Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before. "Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice:Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;-'Tis the wind and nothing more."我转身回到房中，我的整个心烧灼般疼痛，很快我又听到叩击声，比刚才听起来明显。
“肯定”，我说，“肯定有什么在我的窗棂；让我瞧瞧是什么在那儿，去把那秘密发现，让我的心先镇静一会儿，去把那秘密发现；那不过是风，别无他般！”Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore;Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he; But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door-Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door-Perched, and sat, and nothing more.然后我推开了窗户，随着翅膀的一阵猛扑，一只神圣往昔的乌鸦庄重地走进我房间；它既没向我致意问候，也没有片刻的停留，而是以绅士淑女的风度栖到我房门的上面，栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面；栖息在那儿，仅如此这般。
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore."Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven, Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore-Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!"Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑，以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜，“冠毛虽被剪除”，我说，“但你显然不是懦夫，你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦，漂泊来自夜的彼岸，请告诉我你尊姓大名，在黑沉沉的冥府阴间！”乌鸦答曰“永不复焉”。
Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning—little relevancy bore;For we cannot help agreeing that no living human beingEver yet was blest with seeing bird above his chamber door-Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door, With such name as "Nevermore."听见如此直率的回答，我对这丑鸟感到惊讶，尽管它的回答不着边际——与提问几乎无关；因为我们不得不承认，从来没有活着的世人曾如此有幸地看见一只鸟栖在他房门的上面，看见鸟或兽栖在他房门上方的半身雕像上面，而且名叫“永不复焉”。
But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke onlyThat one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. Nothing further then he uttered—not a feather then he fluttered-Till I scarcely more than muttered, "other friends have flown before-On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before. "Then the bird said, "Nevermore."但那只栖于肃穆的半身雕像上的乌鸦只说了这一句话，仿佛它倾泻灵魂就用那一个字眼。