西安电子科技大学研究生科技英语作业

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西安电子科技大学研究生期末考试英语试题

西安电子科技大学研究生期末考试英语试题西安电子科技大学研究生课程考试试题（答案必须写在答题纸上或在答题卡上填涂）考试科目：英语基础课程编号：0821001考试日期：12 年6 月25 日考试时间：150 分考试方式：(闭卷) 任课教师：班号学生姓名：学号：考生注意事项一、本试卷由两份试卷组成：试卷一( Paper One ) 包括词汇，完形填空,与阅读理解三部分，共60题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二( Paper T wo ) 包括翻译与写作两部份，共3题。

二、试卷一（题号1－60）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性(HB)铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A] [B][C][D]。

三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案分别做在ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。

试卷一(Paper One)PartⅠ VOCABULARY (20 points)Section A: (1 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are fourwords or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebracketson your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. But while it may be interesting for foreigners such as the US banker to look at the Nordic model, it appears difficult to emulate it.A. intimateB. intimidateC. imitateD. intimacy2. In the inception phase, the product idea or request for proposal is developed to the point that the funding decision can be made.A. perceptionB. beginningC. inclinationD. deception3. The official said the company was looking for access to capital to make itless vulnerable to competitors and takeover bids.A. defenselessB. vagueC. temptD. vulgar4. Now he owned the state’s largest advertising agency and was a veterandirector of the bank with strong influence on the board.A. prestigiousB. necessaryC. irreplaceableD. experienced5. So the court says it is important that the trademark proprietors should not beallowed to hold a perpetual monopoly on technical solutions.A. everlastingB. temporaryC. prolongD. prevailing6. The paper is entitled: Research on the Formation of Information Technology Usage Habituation from the Automatic Goal-Directed Behavior Perspective.A. justificationB. habitC. derivationD. adaptation7. Economists, however, are doing their best to gauge just how much thedestruction will cost both Japan and the world in economic growth.A. evacuateB. evaluateC. evaporateD. consume8. Meanwhile, despite all the crackdowns and criminal penalties, melamine (三聚氰胺) continues to pop up in the country’s dairy supply.A. pump upB. go quicklyC. appear suddenlyD. are frantic with9. The study was not designed to answer why sleeping longermay bedeleterious or whether people could extend their life span by sleeping less.A. neutralB. harmfulC. positiveD. negative10.A group of ladies saunter down a road in Skegness wearing floral, collaredshirts and closed toe shoes.A. scamperB. scraperC. strollD. scootSection B (1 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the fourchoices given to best complete each sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11. She suggests taking a methodical approach to individuals you are cominginto with, dividing them up under several headings, or markets.A. beingB. useC. contactD. action12. But I am guilty of an entirely different form of multitasking: in any givenmonth, I have lots of projects on the .A. moveB. courseC. pathD. go13. I really don’t see why our English teacher our monitor for praisesince we have all done quite well this term.A. leaves outB. singles outC. trips upD. provoked up14. There may be many providers for the service, and each of them may have adifferent name for the service or some other non-standard requirementsthat the service requester must .A. abide byB. abuse byC. bet byD. abandoned by15. V erify that the version of Microsoft Exchange you are using is withthe database version that you are trying to mount.A. competitiveB. contradictC. compatibleD. indifferent16. I think, learning English can three simple ingredients: persistence,proper ways and good teachers.A. boil down toB. in terms ofC. accord toD. be regarded to17. He eventually built a new, highly automated big factory that does nothingbut the plastic stoppers, 157 million a month.A. chuck outB. check outC. put outD. churn out18.Let others make their employees’ cuts first in the hope that they willattention you.A. deflect…fromB. depart….fromC. convert….fromD. derive…from19. Technologies can a powerful influence the lifelonglearning process, as well as to help overcome various inequalities in society.A. execute….onB. excurse…onC. exert…onD. exculpate…on20. The two animals each other in their eagerness to get inside, andheard the door shut behind them with great joy and relief.A. mussed overB. tumbled overC. came overD. slashed overPart Ⅱ CLOZE TEST ( 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in thepassage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you havechosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.For the past two years, I have been working on students’evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversations 21 some 300 students from at 22 twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally frank and direct in their comments 23 how course work could be better presented. Most of their remarks were kindly made with tolerance rather than bitterness----and frequently were softened by the fact that the students were speaking about some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, 24 the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel 25 with things as they are in the classroom.Professors should be 26 from reading lecture notes. “It makes their voices monotonous.”If they are going to read, why not 27 out copies of the lecture? Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should 28 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “29 we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on,30 repeated.”“A lo t of students hate to buy a required text that the professor has written only to have his lectures repeat it.”21. A. counting B. covering C. figuring D. involving22. A. best B. length C. least D. large23. A. at B. on C. of D. over24. A. if B. though C. as D. whether25. A. satisfactory B. unsatisfactory C. satisfied D. dissatisfied26. A. interfered B. discouraged C. disturbed D. interrupted27. A. hold B. give C. drop D. leave28. A. avoid B. prevent C. refuse D. prohibit29. A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. However30. A. not B. or C. and D. yetPart ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points)Directions: In this part of the tests, there are six short passages for you to read. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questionsthat follow. Then choose the best answer from the chioces markedA, B, C and D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.Passage OneThe e-book, you could argue, is environmentally friendly, which is true, but it is also incredibly counter-intuitive. Computer engineers spend a lot of their time coming up with ways to make computers ubiquitous (无所不在的) in consumer lives, and they’ve largely succeeded in that, which is part of the point. Many consumers have also been busy rejecting electronic banking, partly because we want a few tangible experiences leftin our lives, and handling money is one of those experiences. Reading a book, in a way, is an act of rebellion today. It’s a statement that despite the 35 channels coming in on the cable box, the billions of Web sites and other diversions, you’re going to read a book. This is something someone could have done in the 16th century, when the first books were printed in English.I used to attend a regular “salon”in Man hattan, where Internet people would meet, have dinner and discuss the latest trends. One of the sponsors of these social gatherings, who worked for a publisher, brought an e-book to the group, and passed it around. Everything about it bugged me; it w as characterless, flat and soulless. One might imagine reading the works of Bill Gates on it, but the thought of reading Thackeray or Dickens or Wilkie Collins or even John Steinbeck on it is a laughing matter.In other words, books are more than just words, they have —or used to have —decorative covers, because they are expressions of the author’s creativity. That’s why some people collect first editions. They want to own the book that was authorized by the writer, an edition he or she might have owned. As books age, they attain a certain patina (古色古香), reminding of the history the object has seen.31. According to the author, one drawback of computers is that .A. they require sophisticated computer literacyB. they arc interfering with our private livesC. they can be used only in a limited numbers of areasD. they deprive us of experiences of handling things32. Today, reading books is regarded as .A. creativeB. harmfulC. intellectualD. old-fashioned33. It is the author’s opinion that .A. it is ridiculous to read literary works on an e-bookB. readers find it odd to read Bill Gates’ works on an e-bookC. reading e-books is not very different from reading paper booksD. e-books will replace traditional books in the foreseeable future34. The last paragraph is mainly concerned with the ________ aspect of paperbooks.A. physicalB. intellectualC. estheticD. historical35. What is the author’s main purpose?A. To forecast the e-books’ future.B. To make a case against e-books.C. To suggest alternatives to printed books.D. To weigh the pro and con of e-books.Passage 2Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.“The burnt child fears the fire”is one instance; another is the rise of despots (暴君) like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it wasindirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes.This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve (挖掘)somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a suit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the atmosphere of the classroom…these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of properemotional reactions.However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personalprejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.36. The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that _______.A. attitudes affect our actionsB. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils’attitudesC. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiencesD. by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes.37. A statement not made of implied in the passage is that _______.A.attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoodsB. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importanceof brushing his teethC.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lecturesD.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influencedprimarily by the way they were treated as infants38. The passage specifically states that _______.A.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect onesB.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already beenintroduced at homeC.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.D.Teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children39. The first and fourth paragraphs have all the following points in commonexcept _______.A.the importance of experience in building attitudesB.how fear sometimes governs attitudesC.how attitudes can be changed in the classroomD.how reading affects attitudes40. In the second paragraph, a substitute quotation to serve the writer’spurpose would be: _______.A.“poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.”B.“He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune.C.“There is a great difference between a cunning man and a wise man.”D.“Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion ofresentment.”Passage 3The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both economic and cultural that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic breakdown of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a for ce for good,” he said, “Income in manycountries has declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been worsened. Without further interference by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout t he Latin America and Asia.”Y et George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “E conomic liberation, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanism can produce short term destabilization problems,” he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.”Others feel that global ization’s cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Y awee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is weakening her local culture and language. “Most of the world’s dialects will become extinct under globalization. We are paving the world with McDonald’s and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.However, ignoring the political dimensions of globalization has already had its cost. Nowhere was this made clearer than in the East Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s —particularly in Indonesia. In the wake of that crisis, the President Suharto’s regime was overthrown, and the entire country has been thrown into a mess. The Indonesian economy has contracted almost 50 percent, throwing tens of millions of people below the poverty line.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, andit certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.41. It can be inferred that Michael Tenor’s at titude toward globalization isprobably .A. strongly opposedB. cautiously agreedC. somewhat anxiousD. absolutely supportive42. According to the passage, George Frank .A. agrees with the comments made by Michael TenetB. consents the globalization is favorable to economyC. believes that the reduction of prices is due to the competitionD. thinks the instability is caused by the economic liberalization43. The words by Janice Y awee mean that .A. dialects need more protection by people in the worldB. informal English words are as popular as the McDonald's in the worldC. Janice Y awee’s local culture has vanished in the worldD. the impacts of globalization are great on cultures of the world44. The author cites the example of Indonesia in order to .A. prove the impact of globalization on the field of politicsB. show the economic crisis of the late 1990s in East AsiaC. support the successful economic and political reform in IndonesiaD. illustrate why the Suhatro’s regime collapsed45. This passage implies that .A. globalization is good for a country’s economic developmentB. globalization is widely accepted and advocated by peopleC. globalization is too influential on a country’s economy to be acceptedD. globalization is not always of great benef it to a country’s developmentPassage 4Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data shows that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebound, the number of marriages also rises.Coincident with the increasing women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Y et, it may be wrong to jump to reply simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problemsoften play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.Also a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinner. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside the home comes the capacity to exercise power, within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.46. The word “portend” in P aragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”.A. defyB. signalC. suffer fromD. result from47. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, .A. men would choose working women as their marriage partnersB. more women would get married to seek financial securityC. even working women would worry about their marriagesD. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being48. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that _ .A. they feel that they have been robbed of their freedomB. they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbandsC. they feel that their partners fall to live up to their expectationsD. they tend to suspect their husbands' loyalty to their marriage49. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, .A. they are more likely to dominate their marriage partnersB. their husbands are expected to do more houseworkC. their marriage ties can be strengthenedD. they tend to put their career before marriage50. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewin the passage?A. The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economicsituation of the country.B. Even when economically independent, most women have to strugglefor real equality in marriage.C. In order to secure their marriage, women should work outside the homeand remain independent.D. The impact of the growing female workforce on marriagevaries fromcase to case.Passage 5In evolutionary terms, humans are relative newcomers to earth, but in a short time they have established themselves as the most successful and dominant species. As Carl Sagan has commented, humans arrived late in December if we consider evolutionary time in terms of a calendar year. As our earliest ancestors left the forest to feed in the savannas and finally to form hunting societies on the open plains, their minds and behavior changed.The theory of natural selection provides an explanation of the evolutionary process. This theory is based on Charles Darwin’s observations of many animal species around the world. Darwin pointed out that organisms reproduce at rates that could lead to enormous increases in population sizes of most species.However, despite these massive reproductive capacities, population size tends to remain fairly constant.Darwin stressed that there is extensive variability-sometimes referred to as genetic diversity-among individuals in a species. Some of these variations appear advantageous for survival. Darwin argued that individuals characterized by these beneficial characteristics would be more likely to survive and succeed in reproducing themselves. Gradually, the organisms with the favorable characteristics would comprise a greater proportion of the population, and over a long period of time, the reproductive advantage could produce a gradual modification of the whole population. However, if environmental conditions change, new sets of characteristics might be favored and the whole process could move off in a different direction.Evolution proceeds at a very slow pace indeed. For example, the lines leading to the emergence of human beings and the great apes began to diverge about 14 million years ago. Modern man came into existence about 50, 000 years ago. The beginning of civilization as we know it began about 10, 000 years ago. In the ensuring years there have been no sweeping evolutionary changes in humans. This is not surprising because we have existed for only about 50, 000 years and it takes much longer fora mammalian species to develop.51. Which of the following statements is certain?A. Humans emerged later than most animals on earth.B. Humans came into existence when the earth was cold.C. Humans became hunters 10,000 years ago.D. No evolution has taken place in humans in the last 10,000 years.52. Why does population size remain relatively constant?A. Organisms do not reproduce at high enough rates.B. Few organisms are characterized with favorable characteristics.C. Some variations in a species fail to survive.D. Evolution takes a longer time than could be imaged.53. According to Darwin, evolution is chiefly determined by _______.A. biological factorsB. environmental factorsC. interspecies factorsD. reproduction time54. The word “diverge” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “__”A. renderB. corruptC. deviateD. derive55. Evolution in a species often starts_______.A. collectivelyB. in some individualsC. suddenlyD. in a sweeping mannerPassage 6Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intens ive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless deep variation, even customization, The revolutionary result is, in effect, the de-massification of mass production.The shift toward smart flex-techs promotes diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among.But Wal-Mart is a mass merchandiser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as customer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro-markets. Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer-based buying, direct mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly de-massified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late1960s, visionary marketers began talking about “market segmentation.”Today they no longer focus on “segments”buton “particles”—family units and even single individuals.Meanwhile, advertising is targeted at smaller and smaller market segments reached through increasingly de-massified media. The dramatic breakup of mass audiences is underscored by the crisis of the once great TV networks, ABC, CBS and NBC, at a time when Tele-Communications, Inc. of Denver, announces a fiber-optic network capable of providing viewers with five hundred interactive channels of television. Such systems mean that sellers will be able to target buyers with even greater precision. The simultaneous de-massification of production, distribution and communication revolutionizes the economy and shifts it from homogeneity toward extreme heterogeneity.56. What would be a proper title for this passage?A. Future ShockB. De-massificationC. Changing TrendD. Market Segmentation57. Which is true about “mass production” according to the author?A. It promotes further development in manufacturing systems.B. It defines the Second Wave economy and will last.C. It involves intensive information, automation, and customization.D. It is becoming dated for the present economy.58. The author calls those marketers “visionary” mainly because_______.A. they began talking about “market segmentation” in 1960s.B. they focus on “market particles.”。

西安电子科技大学研究生专业英语阅读2009参考答案

Part one:1）The phenomenon is called convergence, and its study forms an important chapter in modern analysis.2）One of the achievements in outer space exploration in the 20th century was the awareness that there might be life in the space.3) Inexperienced as he is, he is able to design so complicated a circuit.4) Elasticity is defined as the tendency of a body to return its original state after beingreformed.5) Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers are able to save a lot of time and human labor.6) In this case there is no assurance/guarantee that this circuit is tuned to thatfrequency.7) Over the ten years since this book was published, significant changes have beenseen in electronics.8) To visit these records, all users need to do is launch the browser to pay a visit to thewebsites.9) None of the ordinary windows can withstand so large a force.No ordinary windows can withstand so large a force.10) The distance of the earth from the moon is as great as 240,000 miles.11) It is necessary to determined under what condition it is that this equation is true.12) The most fundamental operation in physics, the process of measurement will bediscussed briefly in this chapter.13) For this series to converge, x must be less than 1.14) Upon substituting these values into/in Eq.(1-5), we have the following result15) Sending a signal from one place to another is what is called transmission.Part two:1. The Atlantic was so dangerous for the Americans to send enough men and war materials across.2. Only if the force is known as a function of time can this integral be evaluated.3. By power is meant the speed, or rate, of doing work.4. (On) Being heated, the air in the bottle expands / will expand.5. The introduction to the ability of the refrigerator to freeze is made.6. This paper describes the properties of and the algorithm for this type of problem.7. The resistance of a conductor depends not only on the material of which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.8. Engineers are busy in designing a new type of computer.9. Distance equals speed multiplied by time.10. This is due in part to the fact that earth is not spherical.11. Many of the principles of a receiver apply also to a transmitter.12. The rate at which work is done is referred to as power.(The rate of doing work is referred to as power.)13. This demand is difficult to meet at the temperature of 40℃.14. This is so small a signal that it cannot make transistor Q4 conduct.15. The voltage across the resistor is a few tenths of a volt.Part three:Translation:1）在影像内容的创造和分配方面，这个时代的数字多媒体带来许多优势。

西安电子科技大学研究生【专业英语】(科技英语)教材参考答案

V、练习参考答案练习1I、1、the（各项均为负。

)2、the; a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。

）3、an（这是均方根值伏特计。

）4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。

）5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R的圆周运转。

）6、the（电阻的单位是欧姆。

）7、an （这是一个h参数。

）8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。

）9、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。

）10、/（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。

）11、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。

）12、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。

）13、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。

）14、an（甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊！）II、1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering Xi’an University ofTechnology in 1988.3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.4.5.或is its mass per unit volume.6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).8.III、1.2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.3.4.5.练习21. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.5. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.II、1. Its error is six parts in 1012.2. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).3. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.4. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.5. Now its internal pressure is one third what it was.III、2. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used I CBO can be neglected.4. Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show this process in detail.练习3I、1. This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.2. It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknown quantity.3. Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.4. At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by 90o.5. By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can understand its performance.6. We will find out its average velocity over this distance.7. The science of electronics is too important in the world today.8. They solved this problem with great difficulty.II、1. For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].2. Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] theequation, we obtained the following expression..3. This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.4. This computer is very good in performance.5. These waves travel only in one direction.th of October.4. V6. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used I CBO can be neglected.7.练习4I、1. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.2. The three coefficients here remains to be determined.3. The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters/in the chapters which follow.4. Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.5. The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same.6. All the textbooks available discuss this problem.7. Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.8. The answer to this problem looks correct.9. Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.10. The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.11. These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.12. Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.13. These charges can interact with other charges present.14. Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.15. This coefficient is typically 0.35.II、1. In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.练习5I、k has the same unit as work (does).II、electrical engineering.III、R o.6. We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors intoaccount.7. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.8. This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed.IV、练习6I、1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.2. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.3. 210 is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.4. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.II、radars.III、1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, thisphenomenon was made no use of.5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.IV、1. This computer works than that one (does)/This computer is much better in performance than that one (is)..4. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)5. The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.V、或：We can determine the weight of the body easily.6. The results obtained values. […are in agreement with the experimental values.]练习7I、1. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer.2. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.3. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.4. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.5. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.6. Let t0 equal/be equal to zero.7. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.8. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.9. We find this concept very difficult to understand.10. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.11. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.12. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.13. This is a pen to draw pictures with.14. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after being deformed.15. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.16.This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.17. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.18. Now we consider what path of integration to take.II、of impurities to练习8I、1. The amplifier amplifies the received signals.2. Moving molecules have kinetic energy.3. Speed equals distance divided by time.4. V oltage equals/is equal to current multiplied by resistance.5. The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.8. This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.9. Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.10. Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.11. Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood the principle of a computer.12. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.13. Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.14. Called “the mother of all networks,” the Internet is a widely used international network.15. This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.II、1.Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and ofradius R.2.This parameter should be measured with E grounded.3. With no resistance in the circuit, the current will increase indefinitely.4. With this in view, we have written this book.5. This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle.III、1.Let us consider designing a computer.2.We refer to these components as being passive.3.This involves taking the Fourier transform.4.On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following setof equations.5.In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered asIV、1.2.3.4.5.练习9I、1. The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.2. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment/experimentally.3. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.4. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.II、1. The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.2. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.3. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.4. There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.5. The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.6. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.7. There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.8. One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.10. Besides/In addition that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account.III、1.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systemsto intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signals.2. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.3. The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of/in its dimensions.4. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.5. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.练习10I、1. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2. It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.3. It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.4. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.5. Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.6. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.II、1. What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2. What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.3. Matter is what can occupy space.6. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.7. These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.8. In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts.III、1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a samplenetwork.3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]4. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.5. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.练习11I、1. The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.2. Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.3. Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.4. Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.5. We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.6. The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.7. The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.8. We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows/results.9. It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.10.. The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.II、1. The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.2. The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.3. The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.4. The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.5. This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.6. The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.7. The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.8. This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.III、1. As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.2. As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.3. This single force produces the same effect as is produced by those forces together.4. Now we are able to solve such differential equations as occur in physics.5. This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.6. These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,” as it is called.7. This current is, as predicted, very small,8. First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.IV、1. This is a slightly higher value than we predicted.2. This reactor can produce more fuel than it consumes.3. Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.4. We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.5. During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.V、of voice service.2. This paper presents a an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters on equalization performance.]4. Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 contains an RF a an IF amplifier, an A/Detc.”的黑点重合在一起了）5. The larger the abnormal extent (is), the larger is the residual mismatch, with the curve going up.练习12I、1. be grounded;2. be carried;3. be raised;4. be;5. not try;6. be; be satisfied;7. be;8. be; was; have;10. were concentrated; 11. had been; 12. were moving; 13. is going to rain; 14. be; 15. leakII、1. Should anything abnormal happen, switch/turn off the power supply at once/immediately.2. Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.3. It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.6. We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive the result.7. The requirement that energy (should) be conserved must be satisfied.8. Everything here, be it a component or a device, is home-made.III、1. It was this scientist who/that discovered this phenomenon a century ago.medium.4. It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this formula can be used.5. This property we call inertia.IV、1. The author is engaged in the teachingand recognition.2. Let P and Q be two Boolean permutations of the same order, and then their composition is a new Boolean permutation.3. Three algorithms are presented, which can remarkably reduce the time to raise the pen, thus raising the drawing efficiency.4. What this paper describes is of great interest to communications engineers.5. The minimum entropy technique for estimating the Doppler frequency rate is presented, which has the advantages over the classical techniques of high accuracy and a small amount of computation.练习13II、1. By electromagnetic force is meant the potential difference across the battery when there is no flow of current.2. In the table below/which follows are listed various parameters of familiar computers.3. An element cannot be decomposed, nor can it be broken up by chemical methods.4. Only when x = 8, does this equation hold/apply.5. Of particular importance/Especially important are the two concepts which follow.6. Such a set we call the mathematical system.7. Rarely does one know this function with precision.8. This interrelationship between electric and magnetic fields makes possible such things as the electromagnet and the electric motor.9. Not until 1818 was the diffraction of light interpreted/explained.10. By no means do electrons move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal in a wire.II、1. The effect of air resistance is discussed in Chapter 15, and the decrease in acceleration with altitude in Chapter 17.2. It is necessary to determine the charge on and the voltage across this capacitor.3. In this case, no standard is needed, but only a numerical convention.4. This voltage is greater than or equal to 0.4 volts.5. The cathode, when heated, emits electrons.6. Every body, whether accelerated or not, is considered (to be) in equilibrium.7. If necessary, the wire will be covered with some insulation.8. The transistor has its materials arranged p-n-p, hence the name pnp transistor.III、1. An initial analysis is made of the performance of the device.2. The magnetic field is the space around a magnet occupied by the magnetic lines of force.3. This leads to the battery voltage in the model of 500 mV.4. This graph shows the variation with frequency of the resistance of the resistor.5. This is responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water that falls on the land.6. The question now arises how these unknowns can be determined.7. It is necessary to determine the effect on the device of changing the ambient temperature.8. The assumption has been made that the pressure always remains constant during the test.IV、1. The simulation results show that both the schemes are easy to implement.2. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are to a certain degree/extent superior in performance to the conventional BP algorithm.3. A new technique for estimating the frequency deviation is proposed which gives a high accuracy and requires a small amount of computation.4. Improvement of the accuracy of range alignment in ISAR imaging (by) using the super resolution technique5. Research on and the realization of DTMF in a Cipher Coder6. Analysis of the ability of a quartz flexibility accelerometer to resist bad environment练习14I、1.then; Next2.while3.of course4.However5.In general; while6.Hence7.In fact8.For instance9.but; However; namely [that is]10.InsteadII、It has been observed that bodies do not change their state of rest or motion until some other body forces them to do it. It is known form experiment that a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless a force is applied to make it move. A book lying on a table stays there unless a force is applied to move it. It is also known that any body, once (it is) in motion, will continue to move because of its inertia. To stop it a force must be applied by any other body.III、1. An analysis of the EMI spectrum at the input of the SMPS and its suppression2. Also, a quantitative expression for the effect of all these factors on the performance of the system3. This device can detect whether an IC functions properly or not/can detect the quality of an IC and4. In this way, the area of an antenna site may be reduced to one-third that of the conventional one.5. H and H’练习15I、Semiconductors are a substance whose conductivity lies/comes/is between that of conductors and that of non-conductors. Common examples are silicon and germanium./Silicon and germanium are intheir conductivity. Therefore/Thus/So/As a result, semiconductors are widely used for automaticallyII、ξ1 andη3.3. The features of this new algorithm are simplicity and objectivity.4. It deserves to be further studied which nonlinear function should be selected.5. The test of the system was conducted at a factory in Hong Kong with satisfactory results.练习16I、1．This paper presents a new temperature-measuring method, with emphasis on its basic principles.2. This point remains to be further studied.3. In the previous section, we dealt with the composition of a computer.4. It follows from this experiment that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.5. This statement has been verified.II、1. This new method has many advantages over those available/over the existing ones.2. The variation of pressure with temperature is obvious.3. We can determine the response of the device to frequency.4. This paper deals with the effect/influence/impact of EM waves on/upon human bodies.5. This paper presents initial researches on fluids.III、1. Two other parameters are also very important.2. This section introduces four additional/added kinds of instrument.3. A robot is a special kind of electronic device.4. We shall adopt a new set of parameters here.5. This technology has reached the advanced world level.6. Major theoretical developments in the 20th century are presented in this paper.IV、1. This cable has an approximate length of 20 meters/a length of approximately 20 meters.2. These pipes have an average length of slightly/a little/a bit under/less than 5 meters.3. Light has a speed through water of 224 million meters per second.4. Any other sea does not have as high a salt content as the Dead Sea (does).5. This force has a torque arm of zero.6. These forms have the advantage that it is easy to see how the results are affected by changing the angles.V、1. some distilled water2. the unknown substances3. man-made satellites4. amplitude-modulated signals5. chromium-plated steel6. the new racing cars7. freely falling bodies8. blue-lined paper9. an acute-angled triangle10. a wide-toothed sawVI、1. This method requires a much smaller amount of computation than that one (does).2. This device consumes much less energy that that one (does).3. We should use as simple a structure as possible.4. We have obtained satisfactory/satisfying results.5. Body A possesses more potential energy than body B.6. This fluorescent screen displays clearer pictures than that one.VII、1. …… because of fairly low conductivity of the skin.2. At temperatures greater than 80o C, …….3. At/For/With constant pressure, …….4. At/On/After the completion of all tests on the unit, …….5. For/With small values of ω, ……VIII、1. Operation beyond this hyperbola will result in diode power dissipation in excess of its maximum rating of 1W.2. Inclusion of the meter circuit in the feedback path minimizes the effects of diode nonlinearities on circuit performance.3. Differentiation of this equation gives the following expression.4. A temperature rise of 50o C/A rise in/of temperature by 50o C would damage the device.5. The large size of the resistor makes it possible to neglect it.6. Limited space allows only a brief discussion of quartz-crystal technology.IX、1. This fraction is rationalized by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate.2. The addition of two complex numbers is accomplished by separately adding the real and imaginary parts.3. The/Its solution is accomplished by first finding out I1.4. These three parameters are related by the following equation.5. V is related to t by Eq. (1–1).X、This paper presents a new design method, with emphasis on the guidelines of thought for its derivation. It has many advantages over those available [the existing ones]. Finally [Lastly], Its application is illustrated with an example.XI、1. Fig. 3 shows a transmission line with a length of I and a characteristic impedance of 500 Ω.2. Although there are many ways to produce random numbers, the procedure for producing them is quite complicated.3. As is known, when one reads a Chinese character, he or she does not consider every detail in it.4. The Hash algorithm is a scheme by which data of any length can be compressed into data of a fixed length.5. The number of times this value occurs in the observations is given in the first column.练习17I、1. （略）2. David J. Minot attended the University of California, Berkeley, CA. from 1994 – 1998. He earned the BS degree in botany there in 1998, and the M. Eng. Degree in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2000. Since 2004 he has been working towards the Ph.D. degree in computer science at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.In 1998 he served as a teaching assistant at the University of California. From 2000 to 2001 he was with the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. His research interests concentrate on the development of software.II、This device can identify whether an IC functions properly or not and it can determine the type of an unknown chip. It can test as many as more than 700 kinds of IC. It is characterized by easy operation, high testing speed and great portability. Its price is only about one-third that of the imported product of its kind/the same kind.III、1. It is important how the transmitting antenna pattern is determined./What is important is how to determine the transmitting antenna pattern.2. δandδe can be obtained from Eqs. (3) and (4).3. There are two factors controlling the diffusive signal process: (1) the diffusive signal, which can bea brightness signal or a motion-matching signal; (2) the position of the diffusive signal, which determines where the diffusive process starts.4. The following concept is one of the basic principles on which the neural system is based.5. A method to increase the accuracy of range alignment by applying the forward-backward linear prediction is presented.练习18I、1. Frequency is defined as the rate at which something occurs./By frequency is meant the rate at which something happens.2. A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature.3. Elasticity is defined as the tendency of an object to return to its original state after being deformed./By elasticity is meant the tendency ….4. An isosceles triangle is a triangle/one having two equal sides/having two sides equal in length/with two sides equal in length.5. An electron is a particle with a mass of 9.107×10– 18 gram.II、The wavelet theory has so unique an advantage that it has found wide applications in many fields of engineering. Since this is the development and improvement of the Fourier analysis, it can, in principle, be used [A development and improvement of the Fourier analysis, this theory can, in principle, be used] where the traditional Fourier analysis is applicable. What is more, better results may be obtained on account of the fact that this theory overcomes the shortcomings of the Fourier analysis.III、1. This method imposes few limitations on the kinds of engineering drawings.2. Because of the great difference in characteristic between these symbols, they are processed in different ways.3. For these reasons, it is desirable for a computer to separate the text from the image.4. These variations are so small that they can be neglected/so small as to be neglected.。

(完整word版)电子科技大学研究生学位英语真题(2)

电子科技大学2013年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案详解A卷Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes，20 points )Section A （1 point each)1. A The man shouldn't care what Sandra said。

B The man shouldn’t listen to Sandra.C The man should talk openly with Sandra。

D The man should get back home early。

2. A A boss and an employee.B A lawyer and a client。

C A shop assistant and a customerD A bus driver and a passenger.3。

A The woman helped to do part of the experiment.B The woman proposed some good ideas in the experiment。

C The woman was grateful for the success of the experiment。

D The woman recommended some useful books for the experiment.3. A It is very neat. B It is a messC It is very pleasant.D It is a hell。

4. A He got the camera at a very low price.B The camera is very expensive。

C The camera is worth nothing。

D He does not like the camera。

西电研究生科技英语写作参考答案

2. The output of the factory ten years ago is only one fifth of what it is now.
3. The difference between these two numbers is thirteen parts per (in a)million
Of all the astronomical observatory in our country, this one is the largest.
练习五动词不定式 P18 1. It is quite possible for us to solve the equation. 2. With the help of computer, it takes only a few months to design a new type of aircraft. 3. It remains now for us to calculate the resistance in the circuit. 4. It is left as a problem for the reader to prove that the formula holds. 5. The program to be executed is stored in this unit. 6. The valley is used as the foundation on which to build the dam. 7. There are many types of multimeter to choose from. 8. The velocity of light is too great for us to measure in simple units. 9. Let it be required to find out the angle. 10. Let t be equal to zero. 11. The equation is very difficult to solve. (It is difficult to solve the equation.) 12. The farther away the target is, the longer it takes for the echo to return. 13. We find the problem easy to solve. (It is easy to solve the problem.) 14. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1. 15. The ability of a capacitor to store charges is effected by a few factors .

电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案（8）（共5篇）

电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案（8）（共5篇）第一篇：电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案 (8) 2002年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题答案(GET 20020106)Keys: Part IISection A 16.CVocabulary18.A 28.D 38.C 48.A19.B 29.A 39.B 49.C20.D 30.B 40.D 50.B21.A 31.D 41.C22.D32.B 42.A23.A 33.C 43.D24.C 34.D 44.B25.A 35.A 45.D17.DSection B 26.B 27.B Part III36.B 46.D37.A 47.CClozePart IVReading Comprehension 51.C 52.D 53.A 54.B 55.A61.A 71.B62.A 72.A63.D 73.D64.B 74.B65.B 75.D56.D 66.C 76.D57.A 67.B 77.B58.D 68.D 78.B59.B 69.D 79.C60.C 70.D 80.CPaper TwoPart V TranslationSection A 【英译汉】对于一个公司产品的准确预测取决于该公司产品的知名度。

对于许多硅谷人来说，这一点令人感到无可奈何。

成长呈急剧上升趋势的新兴产业对其产品在最初几年的出色表现几乎总是惊讶不已，随后，当产品需求下降时他们又会感到手足无措。

斯坦福大学的一位商业策略教授说：“在一个充满活力和变数的市场，人们是会犯错误的。

这是由市场的内在本质所决定的。

”在硅谷的许多地方，以及在其他的地方，不可预测性是无法避免的。

解决之道是：不断创新，但同时又要开发出优良的服务项目与产品一道出售。

一位公司总裁说，“出色的服务”会抹平新产品换代过程中出现的不足。

Section B 【汉译英】In the past four years.China has managed to withstand the impact of two global economic recessions, and has enjoyed a rapid and sustainable economic growth.At present, the problem China is facing is how to turn its 1.3 billion people into consumers in the true sense, so as to expand its domestic market.第二篇：电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案2004年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题讲解第二部分词汇Section A21.(D)该句意为：尽管这些农民勤劳，拼命干活，但由于闭塞，当地经济十分落后。

科技英语语法_西安电子科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

科技英语语法_西安电子科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.The wavelength which the eye is most sensitive is 5.5×【图片】cm.参考答案:to2._______ being compressed（压缩）, the volume of a substance will be reduced.（填入一个恰当的介词，使句意通顺。

）参考答案:On##%_YZPRLFH_%##Upon3._______ more details on numerical techniques（数值方法） refer to Ref. [6-9].（填入一个恰当的介词，使句意通顺。

）参考答案:For4.The element immediately following hydrogen is helium, the atom whichcontains two electrons.参考答案:of5.The devices exist capable of input that not connected directly to thecomputer.参考答案:are6.The conditions are derived whereby the two functions , at most, by aconstant.参考答案:differ7.These results have to be interpreted _______ caution（谨慎）. （填入一个恰当的介词，使句意通顺。

）参考答案:with8.据估计，在太阳存在的50亿年期间，太阳核已用掉了其原来存储氢气的一半。

It is estimated that during the 5 billion years of ____________, the core of our sun has used about half of its original supply of hydrogen.参考答案:its existence9.We call the time to complete one cycle the period of the sinusoid. 下划线部分在句中作。

电子科技大学硕士研究生英语分级测验考试PlacementTest带答案

Placement Test for Graduate StudentsAugust, 20151.本分级测试主要检测学生英语水平、语言能力和批判性思维能力，为英语教学分班提供依据，望同学们认真答题，体现出自己真实水平。

2.本测试同时也为教师教学提供参考，测试成绩按一定比例计入平时成绩。

3.本测试时长共90分钟。

测试对速度有一定要求，同学们可参考各部分建议，合理分配答题时间。

4.第1~30题为听力，请用耳机收听。

5.所有答案做在机读卡上。

6.试卷请妥善保管，开学第一周带到课堂。

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine scored Answer Sheet.1. A. It was wet. B. It was torn.C. It was dirty with dust .D. It was blood-stained.2. A. Doctors can do nothing about his problem.B. It is too small a problem to get treated.C. Health care is very expensive.D. Doctors can fix his problem.3. A. Smoking is stupid.B. Smoking one cigarette is enough.C. Smoking in public places is offensive.D. Smoking is cool.4. A. Remember this place.B. Move ahead with the line.C. Answer the call.D. Come back quickly.5. A. He doesn’t drink tea very often.B. He is not interested in Peking opera.C. He knows nothing about Peking opera.D. He enjoys watching Peking opera.6. A. 885-450-4310B. 848-405-3140C. 858-405-3410D. 405-858-34107. A. She’ll help the man out of the trouble.B. The man has always been in trouble.C. No one else will help the man except herself.D. She doesn’t want their relations mentioned.8. A. John will not stay in jail for a long time.B. John is a family member with a bad reputation.C. John has been driven out of the family.D. John’s job differs from that of hi s family members.9. A. She dislikes the smell in the house.B. She smells something burn.C. She is afraid that the house is on fire.D. She feels something is wrong.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 conversations. At the end of each conversation, questions will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine scored Answer Sheet.Conversation OneQuestions 10 to 14 are based on the conversation you have just heard.10. What is the purpose of the conversation?A．The woman wants to make an appointment with the librarian.B．The woman is trying to reserve a book for her classmate.C．The woman is inquiring about the availability of study rooms.D．The woman wants to reserve a different room in the library.11. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.Why does the man say this:A．To inform the woman that no rooms are availableB．To encourage the woman to reserve a room nowC．To recommend the rooms on the third floorD．To let the woman know which rooms are better12. According to the man, why are so few study rooms available?A．There are more students now than in the previous year.B．Several rooms are being used as offices for library staff.C．There is a problem with students reserving more than one room.D．Some of the university buildings are still under construction.13. Why does the woman need a study room?A．She is preparing for a final examination.B．Her professor requires everyone to have a study room.C．She does not have space to study in her apartment.D．She needs a place to meet with other students.14. Why does the man say this:A．To tell the woman about the building that he works inB．To persuade the woman to accept a room in another buildingC．To describe an interesting aspect of the university layoutD．To direct the woman to someone else who can help herConversation TwoQuestions 15 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. What are the students mainly discussing?A．How music differs from noiseB．Sounds made by musical instrumentsC．The methods to produce antinoiseD．Why some sounds are unpleasant16. According to the conversation, what is noise?A．The complete absence of soundB．Patterns produced by sounds in natureC．Random sound with irregular wavesD．Sounds made by a computer voice17. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.Select the sentence that best expresses how the woman probably feels.A．"I'm frustrated because I don't understand."B．"I'm glad that you know so much about music."C．"I don't agree with what you are saying."D．"I wish that I knew how to play the drums.”18. How does the man help the woman understand the meaning of "antinoise"?A．By contrasting music and antinoise.B．By reading a definition from the textbook.C．By describing the sound of a drumbeat.D．By telling her about a computer program.19. What will the woman probably do?A．Drop out of the music theory class.B．Listen to recordings of various instruments.C．Read the textbook before the next lecture.D．Use a computer to search for information.Conversation ThreeQuestions 20 to 24 are based on the conversation you have just heard.20. Why is the class discussing the technical requirements of murals（壁画）?A．They are preparing for an examination.B．They plan to visit some famous murals.C．They are helping to design a new building.D．They will be creating their own mural.21. According to the discussion, what factors should be considered in planning a mural?A．The position of the observer.B．The character of the artist.C．The distance from the lobby to the elevator.D．The colors of the paint.22. What does the instructor mean when she says this:A．A building with a mural will attract a lot of visitors.B．A mural serves the same purpose as other forms of art.C．The term "mural" has several different meanings.D．A mural is an expression of the building's character.23. What is the purpose of having an air space between the outer wall and the plaster?A．It will protect the plaster from temperature changes.B．It will give the mural a greater sense of depth.C．It will reduce the time needed for drying the plaster.D．It will eliminate the need to wash the wall frequently.24. Why does the instructor say this?A．To explain how a wall can be made strongerB．To describe the process of framing a muralC．To explain how to create an insulating air spaceD．To describe a technique for texturing a plaster wallSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. After the recording, questions will be asked about what was said. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine scored Answer Sheet.Questions 25 to 30 are based on the lecture you have just heard.25. How does the professor develop the topic of political parties?A．By comparing the goals of different partiesB．By promoting the views of a specific partyC．By describing parties in a two-party systemD．By explaining how to organize a party26. Listen again to part of the lecture．Then answer the question.Why does the professor say this:A．To test the students' knowledge of partiesB．To find out which party the students supportC．To introduce a point that he will makeD．To show that all states have a two-party system27. Listen again to part of the lecture．Then answer the question．What does the professor imply about political parties?A．Parties make decisions based on the interests of several organizations．B．Parties can never accomplish everything that they would like to do．C．Parties carry on their work through the efforts of unpaid volunteers．D．Parties are necessary in the exercise of democracy in national states．28. Based on the information in the lecture, answer the question:Which of the following statements is NOT true about political parties?A. They are a group of people who come together mainly for amusement.B. They organize voters and compete for support on major issues.C. They are voluntary organizations of people who agree on public policies.D. They have research offices that develop positions on important issues.29. What does the professor mean when he says this:A．It is possible to enjoy politics but dislike government at the same time.B．A political party cares about major issues, but a government doesn't care.C．Politics is about competition, while government is about responsibility.D．Elections and government are like two sides of the same coin.30. Why does the professor say this:A．To show how major parties usually deal with the same issues.B．To suggest that both parties should give education more attention.C．To contrast the philosophy and methods of opposing parties.D．To point out which party is more concerned with education.PART II Grammar (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are ten sentences in this section. Read each sentence carefully. If there is an error, select the underlined part that is incorrect. If there is no error, choose answer D. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. The presence of strong feeling, the cause of which ( A) is not fully understood, always has the effect (B) of making we (C) human beings uneasy. No error (D)32. I do not wish to make (A) a formal complaint, but I would have been better pleased if you gave (B) the award to the person who (C) best deserved it. No error (D)33. The tribesmen made offerings to placate (A) the they believed, were (C) angry with them. No error．(D)34. From ancient times (A), sculpture had been (B)considered the prerogative of men, and even now, in some parts of the world, women sculptors face(C) hostility and suspicion. No error(Ｄ) 35. According to Hume, it is not logic and reasoning that (A) determine (B) our actions, but(C)36. The general reported that (A), as a result of (B)be sent on peace-keeping missions this year. No error.（D）37. The ornate pillars and life-size（A）statues that the magnate has chosen(B) to adorn his swimming pool are like a Greek temple(C). No error.(D)38. After you have written (A) a definition in your vocabulary notebook, add a few (B) ways to use the word or a sentence to illustrate it's (C) meaning. No error. (D)made no mention（Ｂ）in his speech of the mechanics on whom （Ｃ）his success had depended. No error.（Ｄ）40. The new law is too（Ａ）stringent; it will be（Ｂ）（Ｃ）obeyed. No error.（Ｄ）PART III Critical Reading (50 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions:C hoose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.1While virtually all scientists accept the principles of evolutionary theory, there remains great uncertainty concerning the mechanism of rapid and drastic change between successive species. In the past, interspecies hybridization was dismissed as a possible solution, since hybrids are rarely as vigorous as purebred species. However, current research on hybridization suggests that although some hybrids are not as virile as either of the parent species, they are often strong enough to pass their traits on. Scientists have also found hybrid species, such as certain types of corn, that are stronger than their parent species, a phenomenon known as “hybrid vigor”. These findings suggest that hybridization plays a far more important role in evolution than previously suspected.41. It can be inferred that some scientists previously believed that ________.A. the details of evolutionary theory may never be fully understoodB. hybrid plants lack the ability to reproduce by themselvesC. plants that are robust possess an evolutionary advantageD. purebred plants play a relatively minor role in evolution42. The passage implies that most scientists will adopt a theory that ________.A. includes elements about which little is knownB. cannot be proven by experimental meansC. involves ideas which will likely be disproved laterD. has limited real-world applications2Though most people know the definition of the word “boycott”, few know its origin. Named for Captain Charles Boycott, the word as we know it owes less to him than to Irish nationalist Charles Parnell. Parnell organized Irish farmers and convinced them to fix their rent rates. When Boycott refused, Parnell unleashed the power of the people. A band of hostile peasants forced the Captain’s servants to leave. There were no laborers to gather the harvest and no stablemen to ca re for the animals. Boycott was not allowed to enter stores or make purchases. Eventually, Boycott and his wife fled Ireland, and Parnell was hailed as the workingman’s hero.43. The passage is best summarized by which of the following?A. The origin of a word is explored, and an explanation for its popularity is given.B. A word is introduced, and a history of its usage is related.C. An event is described as the reason behind a shift in a word’s meaningD.A word is introduced, and the history of its coining is related.44. It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that _______.A. Boycott’s land was not harvested that yearB. the townspeople referred to were sympathetic to the farmersC. Parnell was popular among all IrishmenD. the farmers threatened Boycott with physical harm3Passage 1:No major political election in the United States has ever been decided by one vote. In fact, a single vote contributes only about one millionth of the total result of the average statewide election. Considering how numerically insignificant a single vote is, is there any rational justification for an individual to vote? In order to answer this question, one must look past the mere numerical value of a vote. An individual’s vote is valuable as a measure of that individual’s belief in the system of government, which likewise indicates the degree to which a person feels included in the greater social order.Passage 2:When recently asked whom he voted for in the last presidential election, a friend of mine replied, “I didn’t bother.” With a rather bored shrug, and little embarrassment, my friend continued, “I t’s not like it matters. My vote wouldn’t have changed the outcome.” I couldn’t help thinking then that the argument was uncannily persuasive. If I had stayed in bed that morning, the result would likewise be exactly the same. But the argument does not hold up under scrutiny. If democracy means rule by the people, and not by any one individual, then why should the vote of just one person determine the outcome of an election? No person, no matter who he is, should be able to change the greater will of a collected group. The idea of doing so is simply undemocratic.45. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the hypothesis of the author of Passage1 concerning voting behavior?A. Historical documents reveal that may local elections have been decided by a single vote. B．A new study finds that many Americans feel that voting is a burdensome inconvenience. C．A poll of American citizens indicates that most citizens consider voting an important communal duty.D．V oting records show that most people who vote participate in both national and local elections.46. The author of Passage 1 would most likely conclude which of the following about the “friend”described in Passage 2?A. The friend likely feels that he is disconnected from the society in which he lives. B．Unless he changes the outcome of an election, the friend is unlikely to ever vote.C. The number of people today who act as the friend does indicates a fundamental flaw in society.D．People who don’t feel the need to vote are generally satisfied with life as it is.47. Both passages serve to discourage the ________.A．inclination of Americans to invent excuses for not votingB．tendency of voters to avoid making difficult decisionsC．valuation of a vote by its ability to decide an electionD．apathy that some voters feel about the lack of real choices48. The final sentence of Passage 2 serves to ________.A．explain the rationale behind a behavior patternB．denounce the actions of those who do not voteC．show the subtle irony of the friend’s argumentD．offer a solution to a pressing problem41 Laboratory research is at the heart of scientific life; scientists’ real work consists of testing out ideas that come to them as they ponder the mysteries of the world around them. A natural biologist walks through a city park or across a suburban lawn and is half-consciously wondering: Why two leaves instead of three? Why pink flowers instead of white? Such rumination goes on without end in a scientist’s mind, a continuous accompaniment to the rhythm of daily life. Whatever a scientist is doing—reading, cooking, talking, playing—science thoughts are always there at the edge of the mind. They are the way the world is taken in; all that is seen is filtered through an ever present scientific musing.2 How a would-be scientist decides on a discipline, settles on a problem, and goes to work is often as much a mailer of chance as it is of temperament. One can easily become a chemist or a neuroanatomist because of where one went to school or whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system. No matter. Once the discipline is established, the problem chosen, and the scientist immersed in the work, he or she becomes as persuaded as need be of the centrality and urgency of the particular work being done. Such adaptive myopia is necessary in science because the grinding, repetitive minuteness of daily laboratory work is so time-consuming (for weeks, months, even years at a time) that, often, even to remember the original impetus for the work is a psychological trick of the highest order. To stimulate the memory back into existence with fair regularity, one must believe in the fundamental importance of what one is doing. Those who do are the most energetic, vital, exciting, and excited of scientists.3 Carol Steiner, a geneticist, comes up with a fine metaphor for how to make a working proposition of scientific mystery. “Imagine,” she says, “that you have a jigsaw puzzle with no picture printed on it. All you have are pieces you haven’t a clue how to make sense of. The pieces are your separate scientific observations. Here’s an e xample of how you might try to get a handle on the puzzle:4 “We have a microorganism with a secretory structure on one end. We know this structure is always on the same place in the cell and that the position of this structure is inherited. The question we want to answer is, how can inherited information be translated into positional information? Why in that one place and no place else? Is the genetic code involved, and if so, how? The answer will tell us how the genes work in concert with the rest of the cell to put things where they belong.5 “In order to gather pieces of the jigsaw puzzle (that is, pieces of information), we poke at the cell. We change it a little … . A specific mutation that altered the membrane structure of the cell was found to turn off the synthesis of the secretory structure. This was a piece of the jigsaw puzzle. But just one piece. Because we hadn’t a clue as to how this had happened or could happen.” Steiner indicates that there will be many further questions that will suggest experiments whose results may allow us to print pictures on the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle: “Not put the puzzle together, mind you. But help us think about what the picture will ultimately look like.”6 The realized picture on Carol Steiner’s jigsaw puzzle i s the map of gene expression laid out clearly with all roads, pathways, connecting signal points, and railway junctions marked so that any tourist can find his or her way in this beautiful country, which is confusing only when one is wandering about in ignorance—as we all are now—with a highly incomplete map.49. The primary purpose of the passage is to convey information about the ________.A. occupational hazards encountered by laboratory workers.B. problem-solving skills taught by chemists and neuroanatomistsC. professional collaboration necessary for geneticistsD. thought processes distinctive to research scientists50. In Line 1, the author characterizes “laboratory research” as something that is________.A. fundamentalB. ambitiousC. challengingD. time-consuming51. The author indicates that the process of “rumination” (paragraph 1) is________.A. subjectiveB. vexatiousC. incessantD. innovative52. In paragraph 2, “No matter” dismisses as irrelevant the means by which________.A. science students learn research skillsB. scientists choose research specialtiesC. laboratory reports explain methodologiesD. scientific knowledge is perceived by the public53. The “memory” referred to in paragraph 2 is that of the ________.A. initial fascination with a scientific goalB. steps required to establish scientific truthC. day-to-day repetitiveness of the workD. relevant training in the academic field54. The passage implies that the discovery of the “specific mutation”(paragraph 5) was most significant for________.A. demonstrating the random nature of scientific breakthroughsB. proving that multiple factors affect microorganismsC. providing a clue to the solution of a research questionD. justifying the expense of a major research project55. Which b est describes the function of Steiner’s account of her research in the overall development of the passage?A. A digression from the author’s central argumentB. A refutation of criticisms raised earlier in the passageC. An observation that challenges previous assertionsD. An example that expands upon preceding generalization51 The downslope movement of rock, mud, or other material under the influence of gravity is known as mass wasting. While the angle of the slope is a major factor in the potential for mass wasting, the slope is not the sole determiner of mass wasting events. Water plays a significant role, especially where it is plentiful during the rainy season. Earthquakes may cause rockslides, mudflows, and other mass movements. Factors such as the presence or absence of vegetation andhuman activities can also influence the potential for mass wasting.2 One way to classify mass wasting processes is on the basis of the material involved, such as rock, debris, earth, or mud. The manner in which the material moves is also important and is generally described as a fall, a slide, or a flow. A fall occurs when weathering loosens boulders from cliffs or rock faces, causing the boulders to break away and fall. A slide takes place whenever material remains fairly coherent and moves along a well-defined surface. A flow involves the movement of debris containing a large amount of water.3 Many mass wasting processes are described as slides. Rockslides occur when a coherent mass of rock breaks loose and slides down a slope as a unit. If the material involved is mostly separate pieces, it is called a debris slide. Slides are among the fastest and most destructive mass movements. Usually rockslides occur in a geologic setting where the rock layers are inclined, or where there are joints and fractures in the rock that are parallel to the slope. When such a rock unit is undercut at the base of the slope, it loses support and the rock eventually collapses. Rain or snowmelt can trigger a rockslide by wetting the underlying surface to the point that friction can no longer hold the rock in place. The fastest type of slide is a rock avalanche, in which a mass of rock literally floats on air as it moves downslope. The high speed of a rock avalanche is the result of air becoming trapped and compressed beneath the falling mass of debris, allowing it to move down the slope as a buoyant sheet.4 Mudflows are relatively rapid mass wasting events that involve soil and a large amount of water. Because of their fluid properties, mudflows follow canyons and stream channels. Mudflows often take place in semiarid mountainous regions and on the slopes of some volcanoes. Although rainstorms in semiarid regions are infrequent, they are typically heavy when they occur. When a rainstorm or rapidly melting snow creates a sudden flood, large quantities of soil and loose rock are washed into nearby stream channels because there is usually little or no vegetation to anchor the surface material. The result is a flowing mass of well-mixed mud, soil, rock, and water. The consistency of the mudflow may be similar to that of wet concrete, or it may be a soupy mixture not much thicker than muddy water. The water content influences the rate of flow across the surface. When a mudflow is dense, it moves more slowly, but it can easily carry or push large boulders, trees, and even houses along with it.5 In dry mountainous areas such as southern California, mudflows are a serious hazard to development on and near canyon hillsides. The removal of native vegetation by brush fires has increased the probability of these destructive events.Past mudflows have contributed to the buildup of fan-shaped deposits at canyon mouths. Such fans are relatively easy to build on and often have scenic views, so many have become desirable sites for residential development. However, because mudflows occur infrequently, homeowners are often unaware of the potential danger of building on the site of a previous mudflow.6 Highly fluid, fast-flowing mudflows incorporate fine-grained sediment and are common after volcanic eruptions that produce large volumes of volcanic ash. Mudflows containing volcanic debris are called lahars, a word originating in Indonesia, a region that experiences many volcanic eruptions. Lahars occur when highly unstable layers of ash and debris become saturated with water and flow down steep volcanic slopes along stream channels. In the northwestern United States, the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 created several lahars that raced down the valley of the Toutle River, altering the landscape in a relatively short period.56. All of the following are given as factors in mass wasting EXCEPT ________.A．the angle of the slopeB．the presence of waterC．the absence of plantsD．the type of mineral57. The name of a mass wasting process is a reflection of ________.A．the area in which the movement occursB．the material that is moved and the way it movesC．the rate of movement relative to other processesD．the mass and volume of the material involved58. The word “trigger” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.A．preventB．imitateC．causeD．decrease59. Why does a rock avalanche move faster than other types of rockslides?A．The rock moves over a layer of compressed air.B．The rainfall is heavy where avalanches occur.C．The rock breaks apart as it moves downslope.D．The angle of the slope is almost vertical.60. The underlined word “that” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.A．resultB．consistencyC．mudflowD．mixture61. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 5? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A．Fire has destroyed much of the original vegetation, so mudflows are now more likely.B．More damage to vegetation is caused by brush fires than by any other natural event.C．It is necessary to remove dead and damaged vegetation after a mudflow but not after a fire.D．Fires occur frequently in areas where the vegetation has been cleared for development. 62. What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about mudflows in some parts of southern California?A．Mudflows rarely occur more than once in the same location.B．Mudflows cause the worst damage in areas that are heavily forested.C．Mudflows occur more often than other natural disasters such as fires.D．Mudflows are so dangerous because people do not expect them to occur.63. Why does the author use the word “raced” in paragraph 6 while describing the lahars caused by the eruption of Mount St. Helens?A．To show that lahars are faster than rock avalanchesB．To state ironically that lahars do not actually move quicklyC．To emphasize the fast speed of laharsD．To explain why people could not outrun the mudflows64. Look at the four squares and, which indicate where the following sentence could be。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷10

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Despite his ____ planning, the exposition turned out to be a failure.问题1选项A.exquisiteB.exhaustedC.elaborateD.insufficient【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. exquisite精美的；精致的B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的C. elaborate详尽的；精心制作的D. insufficient不充分的；不足的【答案】C系，后半句讲博览会是失败的，则可以推测前半句中他的计划应该是精心制作的，但是博览会以失败告终。

因此选C。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】尽管他精心策划，博览会还是失败了。

2.翻译题This reduction (减化) of Boolean expressions (布尔表达式) eliminates (去掉) unnecessary gates (门电路), thereby saving cost, space and weight.【答案】布尔表达式的化简是去掉了不必要的逻辑门电路，从而节省成本、空间和重量。

3.翻译题The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (电位差) across it provided there is no change in the physical conditions of the conductor.【答案】如果对于导体没有任何物理变化，那么通过导体的电流正比于通过的电位差。

4.单选题For the past two years, I have been working on students’ evaluation of classroom teaching.I have kept a record of informal conversations （1） some 300 students from at （2） twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally（3）and direct in their comments （4）how course work could be bette（5）. Most of their remarks were kindly（6）—with tolerance rather than bitterness—and frequently were softened by the （7） that the students were speaking （8） some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, （9） the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel （10） with things as they are in the classroom. Professors should be （11）from reading lecture notes. “It makes their（12）monotonous.”If they are going to read, why not （13）out copies of the lecture? Then we（14） need to go to class. Professors should （15） repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “（16）we’ve read the material, we want to（17） it or hear it elaborated on, （18）repeated.”问题1选项A.involvingB.countingC.coveringD.figuring问题2选项A.bestB.leastC.lengthrge问题3选项A.reservedB.hard-workingC.politeD.frank问题4选项A.overB.atD.of问题5选项A.presentedB.submittedC.describedD.written问题6选项A.receivedB.addressedC.madeD.taken问题7选项A.occasionB.truthC.caseD.fact问题8选项A.onC.atD.with问题9选项A.thoughB.whetherC.asD.if问题10选项A.dissatisfiedB.unsatisfactoryC.satisfiedD.satisfactory问题11选项A.interferedB.interruptedC.discouragedD.disturbed问题12选项B.soundsC.pronunciationD.gestures问题13选项A.holdB.leaveC.dropD.give问题14选项A.couldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t问题15选项A.refuseB.prohibitC.preventD.avoidA.OnceB.UntilC.HoweverD.Unless问题17选项A.rememberB.argueC.discussD.keep问题18选项A.yetB.notC.andD.or问题19选项A.desiredB.revisedC.requiredD.deserved问题20选项A.aboutB.howC.butD.only【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:C第10题:A第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:D第15题:D第16题:A第17题:C第18题:B第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】A. involving 涉及；包括B. counting 计算C. covering 遮盖；覆盖D. figuring 计算【答案】A【考查点】上下文语义。

西安电子科技大学-研究生科技英语教材课后答案

V、练习参考答案练习1II、1.艾米特博士2001年毕业于哈佛大学Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.2.李教授1988年在西安理工大学获得机械工程博士学位Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’anUniversity of Technology in 1988.3.现在我们转向讨论一下无线网Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.4.Bainbridge质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪器The B ainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the opticalspectrometer.5.做这个实验需要多长时间How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment?6.压力的增加会引起体积的减少An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.7.图(2-5)话出了式(2-2)所表示的情况Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).8.电感的单位是亨利The unit of inductance is the henry.III、1.[汉]UASMA协议采用了独特的帧结构.[英]UASMA protocol employs an unique frame structure.[改]The UAS MA protocol employs a unique frame structure.2.[汉]最后,用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器.[英]At last, broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.[改]Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.3.[汉]先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估[英] Dynamic analysis and evaluation of security for proactive secret sharingsystem[改]Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security ofa proactive secret sharingsystem4.[汉]该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒[英] The approach can be applied to one-dimensional potential barrier witharbitrary profile[改]The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with anarbitrary profile.5.[汉]我们提出一种基于牛顿迭代法的数值方法.[英] We propose a kind of numerical method based on the Newton’s iterativemethod.[改]We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.练习2I、1. 该电路由一个电池,一个电感器和一个电容器组成.This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.2. 试计算在a,b,c三点处的电场.Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.3. 这颗卫星用于美国,法国,意大利之间的通信This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.4. 我们假设该天线是垂直的,且其损耗为零.We assume that the antenna is vertical and that its loss is zero.5. 第6,7,8章论述传输线Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.II、1. 其误差为千亿分之六Its error is six parts in 1012.2. 这台计算机所储存的信息比那台多三倍.This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).3. 不久的将来对这种设备的需求量为现在的20倍The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.4. 这个元件上的电压为零点几福特The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.5.现在其内部的压力被减少了15倍Now its internal pressure is one sixteenth what it was.III、1. [汉]这个物体比那个物体重4倍多[英] This object is over four times heavy than that one is.[改]This object is over five times heavier than that one is.2. [汉]除非另有说明,我们假设使用的是硅管, I CBO可以忽略不计[英] Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and I CBO can be neglected.[改]Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and thatI CBO can be neglected.3. [汉]这个电路的优点是结构简单,容易调整.[英] This circuit has the advantage of simple in structure , easy to adjust.[改]This circuit has the advantages of simple structure and easy adjustment.4. [汉]图1,2,3详细地画出了这个过程[英] Fig. 1, 2, 3 show this process detaildlyFigs. 1, 2, and 3 show this process in detail.5. [汉]对于进一步的信息,参考文献[3],[5],[9].[英] For further informations, consult references [3], [5]and[9].For further information, consult references [3], [5], [9].练习3I、1. 这种新型计算机和普通计算机相比有许多优点This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.2. 解这个微分方程把未知量求出来并不困难It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknown quantity.3. 在这新的五章中,第一章论述负反馈的基本原理Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.4.这时,电流与电压相位相差90度At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by 90o.5. 通过分析该仪器的参数,我们就能了解它的性能By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can understandits performance.6. 我们要求出它在这一距离上的平均速度We will find out its average velocity over this distance.7. 电子学这门科学在现今世界太重要了The science of electronics is too important in the world today.8. 他们极为困难地解出了这道题They solved this problem with great difficulty.II、汉译英,划线部分要去使用介词短语表示.1. 若x>1,则该方程成立For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].2. 在把这些数值代入该方程后,我们得到了下面的表达式Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] theequation, we obtained the following expression..3. 这个电路的工作情况类似于图1-10的电路This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.4. 这台计算机的性能很好This computer is very good in performance.5. 这些波只向一个方向传播These waves travel only in one direction.III、1. [汉]本文提出了雷达目标的一种新的识别方法[英] This paper presents a new kind of recognition method of radar target.[改]This paper presents a new methodfor the recognition of radar target s.2. [汉]目标的运动状态对EKF跟踪精度的影响是非常大的[英] The influence of the moving state of the target for the tracking accuracy of the EKF.[改] The influence of the moving state of the target on the tracking accuracy of the EKF is great.3. [汉]在10月8日早上又发射了一颗通信卫星.[英] Another comsat has been launched in the morning of the 8th of October.[改]Another comsat was launched on the morning of the 8th of October.4. [汉]电压时用伏特来度量的[英] V oltage is measured with volt.[改] V oltage is measured in volt s.5. [汉]他们将赴北京参加移动通信国际会议[英] They will leave to Beijing to attend a international conference of mobile communication.[改]They will leave for Beijing to attend an international conference on mobile communication.练习4I、1. 该力垂直于桌面作用The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.2. 这里的三个系数有待于确定The three coefficients here remains to be determined.3. 下面两个式子在后面几章将会经常用到The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters/in thechapters which follow.4. 这里我们使用相距10厘米的两个金属球Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.5. 输出保持不变The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same.6. 现在的教科书均讨论了这一问题All the textbooks available discuss this problem.7.计算机由于运算准确,速度快而得到了广泛的应用Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.8. 这个题的答案看起来的正确的The answer to this problem looks correct.9. 我们将使用一段相距距离为δ的两根平行导线Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.10.现在的问题是如何测量这个元件上的电压The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.11.这些数据将被传送到2千米外的计算中心These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.12. 在对上面的那个方程整理后,我们得到了下面的表达式Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.13. 这些电荷能与存在的其他电荷相互作用These charges can interact with other charges present.14. 力可以没有接触而被传递,这与普通的观念相反Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.15. 这个系数的典型值为0.35This coefficient is typically 0.35.II、1. [汉]在这种情况下,输入并不下降,输出也不下降.[英] In this case, the input does not fall; the output does not fall, too.[改]In this case, the input does not fall; nor neither does the output. /the output does not fall, either.2. [汉]导体的电阻不仅取决于制成导体的材料,而且取决于导体的尺寸和温度.[英] The resistance of a conductor not only depends on the material with which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.[改]The resistance of a conductor depends not only on the material of which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.3. [汉]这些科学家们对该论题很感兴趣[英] These scientists are very interesting to this topic[改] These scientists are very interestedin this topic.4. [汉]这个参数几乎不能测出来[英] This parameter almost cannot be measured[改] This parameter can hardly be measured.5. [汉]这这个实验室中,这台仪器比其它任何一台都贵[英] In this laboratory, this instrument is more expensive than any one[改]In this laboratory, this instrument is more expensive than any other one/ any one else.6. [汉]该设备的特点是体积小,重量轻.[英] The feature of this device is small in size , light in weight.[改] The features of this device aresmall size and light weight.练习5I、1. This equation can be solved in either of the following two ways/the two ways which follow.2. This baseball will soon come to rest because of its interaction with the ground.3. Our choice of this coefficient as 1 is correct.4. From its definition as the ratio of a force to a length, we can see that k has the same unit as work (does).5. Our analysis of the machine is of great significance.6. This facilitates their use in circuit analysis.II、1. This police car is equipped with a receiver the size of a matchbox.2. Wires one hundredth the diameter of a silk thread are used to connect these components.3. W e must water cool these equipments/devices.4. In the past, telephone calls were operator connected.5. AC can be changed/turned/converted/transformed/translated into/to DC, a process called/known as/referred to as rectification.6. A magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon.7. Computers are capable of processing information, a process thatpreviously could be accomplished only inside our heads.8. An instrument for measuring current, voltage, and resistance, the multimeter is widely used in electrical engineering.III、1. Secs. 1.1 and 1.2 will discuss several other problems.2. Problems are listed/given on pp. 1-5.3. In the equations above, all h’s are the hybrid parameters.4. The mass of the standard pound is equal to 0.4535924277 kilogram s.5. All a’s and b’s in Eq. (5-1) are related to the impedance R o.6. W e must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors into account.7. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.8. This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed.IV、1. None of them can solve this special type of differential equation.2. They do not know whether this material can stand so large a force or not.3. There are M polygons altogether, each of which has N vertexes.4. These two engineers are busy (in) designing a new kind of software.5. Iron is almost as good a conductor as aluminum.练习6I、1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.2. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.3. 210 is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.4. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.II、1. None of those textbooks have/has mentioned this point.2. All of these x values cannot satisfy the equation.3. Neither of the two conditions is satisfied here.4. In the preceding/previous chapter, we discussed all kinds of force.5. This paper describes a new method for designing aircraft.6. By the end of the last century, the company had manufactured 5 000radars.7. Since 2008, this research institute has been developing a special kind of robot.III、1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, thisphenomenon was made no use of.5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.IV、1. This computer works much better than that one (does)/This computer is much better in performance than that one (is)..2. This computer requires many more components that that one (does).3. The distance of the moon from the earth is as great as 240 000 miles.4. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)5. The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.V、1. It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body. 或：We can determine the weight of the body easily.2. The two engineers are busy (in) designing a new type of computer.3. We find this concept very difficult to explain.4. None of these windows can withstand so large a force.5. Work equals [is equal to] force multiplied by/times distance.6. The results obtained agree with the experimental values. [… are in agreement with the experimental values.]练习7I、1. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer.2. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.3. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.4. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.5. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.6. Let t0equal/be equal to zero.7. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.8. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.9. We find this concept very difficult to understand.10. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.11. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.12. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.13. This is a pen to draw pictures with.14. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after being deformed.15. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.16.This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.17. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.18. Now we consider what path of integration to take.II、1. The sine law of the variation of light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.2. Not only do temperature and light affect the conductivity, but the addition of impurities to semiconductors also makes it change greatly.3. V arious satellites are frequently launched to obtain information about/on space.4. Our semiconductor industry came into being at the end of the 1950s.5. My colleagues and I would like to express our thanks to Professor W. Smith for his great help.练习8I、1. The amplifier amplifies the received signals.2. Moving molecules have kinetic energy.5. Fig. 1 – 3 shows the photo of a freely falling body.3. Speed equals distance divided by time.4. V oltage equals/is equal to current multiplied by resistance.5. The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.6. A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coilswound on/round an iron core.7. It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.8. This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.9. Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.10. Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.11. Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood the principle of a computer.12. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.13. Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.14. Called “the mother of all networks,”the Internet is a widely used international network.15. This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.II、1.Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.2.This parameter should be measured with E grounded.3. With no resistance in the circuit,the current will increase indefinitely.4. With this in view, we have written this book.5. This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle. III、1.Let us consider designing a computer.2.We refer to these components as being passive.3.This involves taking the Fourier transform.4.On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set ofequations.5.In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as 1.IV、1. Given/Knowing resistance and current, one/we can determine/calculate voltage.2. The price of this instrument is high.3. A robot is a special kind of electronic device.4. The current starts flowing at the very moment we close the circuit.5. They have been designing a new type of computer these six months.练习9I、1. The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.2. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment/experimentally.3. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.4. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.5. These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor can operate normally.6. The body is in such a state that it can do work.II、1. The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.2. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.3. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.4. There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.5. The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.6. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.7. There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.8. One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.9. This is due to/is caused by/results from the fact that there are many free electrons in conductors.10. Besides/In addition to the factthat the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account.III、1.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systemsto intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signal.2. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devicespossible.3. The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of/in its dimensions.4. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.5. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.练习10I、1. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2. It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.3. It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.4. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.5. Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.6. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.II、1. What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2. What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.3. Matter is what can occupy space.4. What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.5. This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.6. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.7. These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.8. In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts.III、1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]4. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.5. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.练习11I、汉译英，划线部分用定语从句表示1. 我们用来测量一个电阻上的电压的仪表被称为电压表The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.2.计算机是人类所曾有过的最有效的助手Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.3. 现在这种病不再是原来那样的严重问题了Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.4. 雷达可以测出无线电回波返回所需的时间Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.5. 我们必须计算出该物体被提起的距离We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.6. 一个物体的方向也是很重要的The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.7. 这个质点每秒钟震动的次数被叫做频率The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.8.我们使这两个比值相等，由此得到了最简式We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows/results.9. 需要确定y分量降为零的时间It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.10.. 其每一个点y坐标均为零的曲线救市x轴The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.II、汉译英，要求划线部分用‘介词+which’来表示1. 该圆切割实轴的点处于α= ω处The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.2. 重力意思是地球吸引物体的力The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.3.电子在其上面产生图像的显像管的表面成为荧光屏The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.4. 作者要感谢本书所属的那套丛书的编辑们The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.5. 这是给定的两个矢量为其边的一个平行四边形This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.6. 压强等于总的力除以被施加的面积The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.7. 组成水的两个两个元素是氢和氧The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.8. 这取决于产生电子的效率This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.9. 这两个定律是建立其它所有定律的基础These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws are built.10. 水结冰的温度一般是0度The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0o C.III、汉译英，要求划线部分用as从句来表示1. 如标题所示，本章将讨论非线性方程As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.2.顾名思义，流体就是一种容易流动的物质As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.3. 这个单力产生的效应与那几个力一起产生的效应相同This single force produces the same effect as is produced by those forces together.4.现在我们能够理解像出现在物理中的这种微分方程了Now we are able to solve such differential equations as occur in physics.5. 这个功能可以用像在上一节中所描述的全家器来完成This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.6. 这些概念使我们能够理解静电学，即人们通常所说的‘静电’中广泛的现象These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,”as it is called.7. 这个电流，正如预料的那样，是十分小的This current is, as predicted, very small,8.首先让我们来考虑一下如第2页上所示的那个最简单的电路First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.IV、汉译英，划线部分要求用‘than’等从句表示1. 这个值比我们预料的稍高一点This is a slightly higher value than we predicted.2. 这个反应堆能产生比它消耗得多的燃料This reactor can produce more fuel than it consumes.3.让我们来考虑一下当力矩为零的情况Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.4. 我们必须确定开关闭合后的电流和电压值We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.5. 自从本书首次出版以来的十年间，金属加工业发生了巨大的变化During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.V、1. 【汉】甚至在这种情况下，这些协议也能为数量有限的用户提供质量可接受的语音服务【英】Even in this case these protocols can provide limited number of users the acceptable quality of voice service.【改】Even in this case these protocols can provide a limited number of users with the acceptable quality of voice service.2.【汉】本文截杀了8098微控制器与386PC机串行通信的方法【英】This paper presents a method of a 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with 386 personal computer【改】This paper presents a method foran 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.3 【汉】对均衡器参数对均衡性能的影响进行了详细的分析【英】The effect of equalizer parameters for equalization performance is analyzeddetailedly.【改】The effect of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is analyzedin detail. [A detailed analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters onequalization performance.]4.【汉】图1中的接受机每个信息包括射频放大器，混频器，中频放大器，A/D转换器等【英】Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 includes a RF amplifier、mixer、IFamplifier and A/D converter etc.【改】Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 contains an RF amplifier,a mixer,an IFamplifier, an A/D converter, etc.（注意：句尾的句号与缩略词“etc.”的黑点重合在一起了）5.【汉】异常成都越大，残留的失配就越，曲线就上扬【英】Larger the abnormal extent ，larger is the residual mismatch, and the curvegoes up.【改】The larger the abnormal extent (is), the larger is the residual mismatch, withthe curve going up.练习12I、1. be grounded;2. be carried;3. be raised;4. be;5. not try;6. be; be satisfied;7. be;8. be; was; have; 10. were concentrated; 11. had been; 12. were moving; 13. is going to rain; 14.be; 15. leakII、汉译英，要求使用虚拟语气1. 一旦出现不正常情况，立即刮泥电源Should anything abnormal happen, switch/turn off the power supply at once/immediately.2. 如果当时不适用电子计算机，他们解这个题就要花费很长时间Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.3.在原方程中检验一下所有解是十分重要的It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.4.人们建议这个设计应立即加以修改It is suggested that this design (should) be modified at once.5. 若没有半导体，卫星通信就不可能了。

电子科技大学研究生英语进阶慕课答案2022

电子科技大学研究生英语进阶慕课答案20221、While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye.. [单选题] *A. have readB. was reading(正确答案)C. had readD. am reading2、I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [单选题] *A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruined(正确答案)D. had been ruined3、The twins _______ us something about their country. [单选题] *A. told(正确答案)B. saidC. talkedD. spoke4、--Can I _______ your dictionary?--Sorry, I’m using it. [单选题] *A. borrow(正确答案)B. lendC. keepD. return5、What he said sounds _______. [单选题] *A. pleasantlyB. nicelyC. friendly(正确答案)D. wonderfully6、The commander said that two _____ would be sent to the Iraqi front line the next day. [单选题] *A. women's doctorB. women doctorsC. women's doctorsD. women doctor(正确答案)7、I saw the boy _______?the classroom. [单选题] *A. enter intoB. enter(正确答案)C. to enter intoD. to enter8、?I am good at schoolwork. I often help my classmates _______ English. [单选题] *A. atB. toC. inD. with(正确答案)9、Mom is making dinner. It _______ so nice! [单选题] *A. smells(正确答案)B. tastesC. feelsD. sounds10、He does ______ in math.（）[单选题] *A. goodB. betterC. well(正确答案)D. best11、In the future, people ______ a new kind of clothes that will be warm when they are cold, and cool when they’re hot.（）[单选题] *A. wearB. woreC. are wearingD. will wear(正确答案)12、We had a(an)_____with him about this problem last night. [单选题] *A.explanationB.impressionC.exhibitionD.discussion(正确答案)13、The people’s Republic of China _______ on October 1, 1 [单选题] *A. foundB. was founded(正确答案)C. is foundedD. was found14、If it _______ tomorrow, I won’t go there. [单选题] *A. rains(正确答案)B. is rainingC. will rainD. would rain15、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions16、Kate has a cat _______ Mimi. [单选题] *A. called(正确答案)B. callC. to callD. calling17、26．There’s some fruit in the kitchen. We ________ buy any. [单选题] * A．need toB．needn’t toC．don’t needD．don’t need to(正确答案)18、—_____ will the bus arrive? —In four minutes. [单选题] *A. How longB. How oftenC. How soon(正确答案)D. How far19、The Internet is an important means of（）[单选题] *A. conversationB. communication(正确答案)C. speechD. language20、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime21、The scenery is so beautiful. Let’s _______. [单选题] *A. take photos(正确答案)B. take mapsC. take busD. take exams22、It seems slow for children to become _____ ,while adults often feel time flies. [单选题] *A. growns-upsB. growns-upC. grown upsD. grown-ups(正确答案)23、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting24、--I can’t watch TV after school.--I can’t, _______. [单选题] *A. alsoB. tooC. either(正确答案)D. so25、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice26、There are trees on both sides of the broad street. [单选题] *A. 干净的B. 狭窄的C. 宽阔的(正确答案)D. 宁静的27、If the trousers are too long, ask the clerk to bring you a shorter _____. [单选题] *A. suitB.setC.oneD.pair(正确答案)28、It _______ him ten minutes to solve the problem. [单选题] *A. spentB. took(正确答案)C. costD. paid29、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *A. didB. have doneC. were doing(正确答案)D. do30、You can't see many _____ in a hospital. [单选题] *A. man nurseB. men nurses(正确答案)C. men nurseD. man nurses。

电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案汇编(9)分析解析

2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each)16. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.A revealB underlineC improveD integrate17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.A justiceB biasC participationD regionalism18. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.A consideredB stipulatedC raisedD stimulated19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.A set foot onB lost their heart toC set their mind onD get hold of20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.A approximatelyB exactlyC less thanD more than21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.A pulled outB pulled inC pulled downD pulled up22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A observeB memorizeC commentD request23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the human brain.A likenessB relationC contradictionD difference24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in some aspects.A practicallyB wonderfullyC beneficiallyD seemingly25. The alleged all-power master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.A so-calledB well-knownC esteemedD undoubted26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic ____A reservoirB warehouseC poolD storehouse27. The chairman said that he was prepared to ____the younger people in the decision making.A put up withB make way forC shed light onD take charge of28. Tom is angry at Linda because she ____ him ____ all the time.A sets..upB puts…downC runs…outD drops…in29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a _____characteristic of intelligence.A definingB decliningC defeatingD deceiving30. Our picnic having been ____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it cleared up.A destroyedB underminedC spoiltD contaminated31. I was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of ____ were pretty ordinary.A despisedB resentedC worshippedD ridiculed.32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s ____ with a group.A specificationB unificationC notificationD identification33. The ____ from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.A brain damageB brain trustC brain feverD brain drain34. This matter settled, we decided to ___ to the next item on the agenda.A succeedB exceedC proceedD precede35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often ___you for being a good conversationalist.A complementB complimentC compelD complainPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stationsdevote 40 minutes of every hour to 37 .Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 39 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airport, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high-speed 41 . some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42 basketball player earned $ 3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 43 their products. There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subways ----even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators -----and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail. 47 Insider’s Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated 48 of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $ 275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $ 411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected $ 434.4 billion for 1998. Big money.What is the effect of all of this ? One analyst 50 it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals , concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behaviour.36. A lonely B alone C singly D individually37. A commerce B consumers C commercials D commodities38. A through B up C in D about39. A taken to B spent in C expected of D exposed to40. A incidents B affairs C events D programs41. A flashes B billboards C attractions D messages .42. A top-heavy B top-talented C top-secret D top-ranking43. A improve B promote C urge D update44. A Audio B Studio C Oral D Video45. A since B while C even D if46. A toss out B lay down C blow out D break down47. A It is said that B Apart from C According to D Including in48. A digit B amount C account D budget49. A raised B elevated C roared D soared50. A said B recorded C told D putPassage One For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.Historian John Keegan writes, “Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunitions, costing little more than the transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.”Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor----too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain.For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a singlemodern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions o f dollars’ worth of small arms and light weapons, not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.51. It is implied in the passage that __________A small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control.B the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement.C the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished.D nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago.52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because ____A They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism.B They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons.C They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time.D They face other more important problems such as pollution.53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?A Small arms are cheap.B Small arms are powerful .C Small arms are easier to use.D Small arms are easier to get54. We can conclude from the passage that ____A small arms are not expensive in the black-market.B it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond.C Criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms.D where there are drugs, there are small arms.55. The best title for this passage is ____A Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms Talks.B Neglect of Small Arms ControlC Global Traffic in Small ArmsD Small Arms, Big Problems.Passage Two In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What had been a consequence?Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to using other methods of medical treatment.In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. “The Berlin Wall that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling,” said Consumer Reports of May 2000.The Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA) observed, “Alternative medical therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national at tention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public.”In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard, Stanford, University of Arizona, and Yale.JAMA noted, “ Now an estimated 3 in 5 individual seeing a medical doctor for a principal condition also used an alternative therapy.And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world.”The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, “There are no longer t wo types of medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.”56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies ____A pay doctors for prescribing their drugs.B have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years.C spend more money on their advertisements than on their products.D have produced some ineffective drugs.57. The sentence “The Berlin Wall …. Appears to be crumbling” in the third paragraph implies that _____A the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished.B there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs.C conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable.D conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies.58. According to the passage, alternative therapies _____A are widely taught in the U.S. medical schools now.B have been approved by U. S. government.C have been used by many American patients.D are as popular as conventional medicine.59. JAMA seems to suggest that ____________A U. S. government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies.B a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients.C pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies.D conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands.60. It is implied in the passage that ._____________A we should take as little western medicine as possible.B the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced.C herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans.D without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not be guaranteed.Passage Three Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.Solar systems such as Earth’s, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in “Goldilocks zone” orbits, where it is neither too hot too cold to support life.The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperature orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely to survive.The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris----One is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun. “It’s certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life,” said Jones. The requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state.NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planets.61. It is suggested in this passage that _______________A scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our galaxy.B Theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting life.C our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life.D with more powerful telescope, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe62. The “Godilocks zone” mentioned in the 5th paragraph most probably means _________A a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun.B a range in the universe in which th e planets’ temperature is suitable for life.C a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight.D a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system.63. Barrie Jones and Nick Sleep have found ____________A 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun.B many planets’ atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter.C the ways to tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets.D a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems.64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _______A in the group of stars known as Great Bear.B 2.5 times as big as Jupiter.C smaller than our system.D impossible for us to reach at present time.65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that it must have _____A enough water and proper temperature.B enough oxygen and hydrogen.C enough air and sunlight.D enough water in any state.Passage Four Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices, Vie President Al Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars: Spend billions on mass transit ----$ 25 billion to be exact. Last week, Gore unveiled his “Keep America Moving” initiative, which will spend $25 billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore’s self-proclaimed “new way of thinking”, all that’s necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to “give people a choice.”The federal government has been tryin g to “give people a choice” for decades to little effect. Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don’t do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the tax-payers paid for the planned transit systems.Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland’s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland’s Metro has been a multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro’s own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus. Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $ 62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of t he cost, but they wouldn’t attract the same volume of federal funds.66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems____A are characterized by low consumption of gasoline.B have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic.C aim at monitoring the public traffic.D are financially profitable.67. What does the author say about the federal government?A It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.B It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.C Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.D It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.68. What is said about Americans’ attitude toward the transit systems?A They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.B They think driving their own cars is more convenient.C They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.D They think there should be more choices in transportation.69 In the third paragraph, the underlined expression “cautionary tale” most probably means ____A an incredible storyB an untrue storyC a story giving a warningD a story teaching a moral lesson70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to ?A In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.B The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic congestion.C The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail system.D The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.Passage Five In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behaviour; but at bottom these rest upon more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedlyinferior to comparable work organized by business. If society’s sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.71. Many people think go vernment and business are “enemies” because ____A the struggle between the two parties has always existed.B they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries.C they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities.D the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end.72. The third paragraph mainly discusses___________A how government and business depend on each other.B why social order is important to business activities.C Why it is necessary for business to rely on government.D how business can develop and maintain order.73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?A They mostly aim at helping people to survive.B They can be conducted as well as those by business.C They are the ones that business can’t do well.D They are comparatively modern phenomena.74. We can conclude from the passage that ____A it is difficult for government and business to have good relations.B it is difficult to study the relations between government and business.C government should dominate economic activities.D government and business should not oppose each other .Passage Six Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it’s got to be done, but the price can be high.Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive.So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks, Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries.The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one thing in common---they fought powerful vested interests （既得利益者）with scientific data that those interests wished would go away.Commercial companies are not, of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a habit of backing the idea of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.For example, Alfred Wegener’s idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. this idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE（疯牛病）were caused by a protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally , in 1997, he received a Nobel Prize for his idea.Western science has always thrived on individualism---- one person’s ambition to topple a theory. So independence of thought is crucial.But this applies not only for scientists, but also their institutions.With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university research---- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research.Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more dif ficult.Yet we can’t afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and premature death.75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that __________A individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives.B personality plays a crucial role in the advance of science.C originality of thinking is the key to the advance of science.D the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements.76. Jeffrey Wigand’s idea about the nature of cigarette__________A was similar to that of the tobacco company.B sounded ridiculous to the general public .C was reached purely out of personal interestsD should be regarded as scientifically true.77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because _____A his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company.B he had been eager to defeat his company.C his idea was scientifically invalid.D he had long been an enemy of the company.78. The underlined phrase “place tectonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to ____A the study of the structure of the earthB scientific study of the climate of the earth.C the theory that the earth’s surface consists of plates in constant motion.D the theory that the earth’s surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body.79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that ____A governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies.B scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests.C scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted.D scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs.80. The author seems to be suggesting that _______A the vested interests are sometimes on obstacle to the progress of science.B governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment.C a timely response to people’s demand is appreciated by the academia.D the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s.Part V Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people.The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points )也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉中的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不够现代，其实这正是我们所需要的，/毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去，那亘古不变的魔力足以超出我们的想象。

西安电子科技大学专业英语阅读考题完整版

西安电子科技大学专业英语阅读考题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]西安电子科技大学研究生课程考试试题考试科目: 研究生专业英语阅读课程代码：0821004 考试日期：09 年月日考试时间： 120 分钟答案请写在答题纸上。

Part one: Sentence Translation from Chinese to English (30%)1.这种现象称为收敛(convergence)，对它的研究构成了现代分析中重要的一章。

2.This phenomen is known as convergence,and its study forman important chapter in modern analysis.3.二十世纪外太空探索的成就之一是人们意识到了外太空可能存在生命。

4.One of the achievement in outer space exploration in 20thcentury was the awareness that there may be exit life in outer space.5.尽管(as)没有经验，他却能设计出这样一个如此复杂的电路。

6.Inexperience as he is,he can design such a complexcircuit.7.弹性(elasticity)被定义为一物体形变(deform)后恢复其原状的趋势(tendency)。

8.Elasticity is defined as the tendency of a body toreturn its original state after being deformed;9.由于计算机运算准确，速度高，它能够为人们节省很多时间和精力。

10.Accuracy in operation and high in speed ,computer cansave people a lot of time and energy;11.在这种情况下并不能保证(assurance / guarantee)该电路就调谐于(be tuned to)那个频率上。

西安电子科技大学基础英语写作

Along with the prevalence of electronic devices, such as computers and cell phones, resulting from the development of high technology, in workplaces and schools, colleagues and classmates pour so much expectation into these devices to work out their projects that they tend to rely on emails to communicate with others instead of in person. While some people may claim that communication in person can be helpful to obtain everyone’s idea throu gh brainstorming, I am fully convinced that communicating through emails is more advisable in modern world. My reasons are listed as follows.Above all, it is more convenient to communicate via emails, which is better corresponding to working pace of modernists. Current employees usually confront more demanding schedules within the industry. As a result, they are often required do more jobs to meet needs, and quite commonly, working time and working locations differ from one to another. It seems more reasonable and considerate for all team members who are in the same target of a certain project to allow them to discuss or share ideas and processes through emails. By contrast, in light of the mentioned reason, it is difficult in some sense to make appointme nt members’ spare time and appropriate location before meeting. Insisting on meeting in personal to have discussion is time-consuming and priggish.Additionally, the records kept in the mailbox contribute a lot to the accomplishment of the project by avoiding possible subsequent controversies. The group meeting, namely so-called brainstorming, falls into chaos eventually in most cases, thus leading to heavy financial or reputational losses of the project because some individual group member might leave out some important information or arrangement due to confusion. What is worse, no one can be blamed in this case. However, such situation can totally be prevented by communication through emails. It is exceedingly easier to check respective assignment as well as the whole schedule of the project by the records of emails. In this way, some potential risks can be avoided, which is beneficial to the promotion of the project.Although there probably be some obvious advantages of face-to-face communication such as conveying more hidden information through facial expressions, tones or body language. However, “one thousand readers, one thousand Hamlet”, as Shakespeare says, everyone has his or her own way of thinking and understanding, so non-vocal expressions must misguide others in the group, which is seriously detrimental to the project. Rather than being regarded as a merit, the hidden additional information ought to be banned in serious working occasions out of the consideration of preciseness. Given this part, emails perform more prominently.According to the reasons discussed above, we can safely arrive at a conclusion that compared with discussing in person, communicating by emails will be much more advantageous.Nowadays, with the rapid development of high technology, quite a few of colleagues or classmates communicate with others through emails or telephones instead of face-to-face for doing a project. Nevertheless, I prefer communicate in person rather than emails or telephones as my inclination.Among countless factors which influence the choice, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.The foremost reason for my agreement is that communicating in person is much more effective to advance a project.. It can be given a concrete example. When I was a college student, I was a member of a human behavior project. At first, our members of the project communicated with each other through email or telephones when we finished our observations. We typed amount of words to describe and explain what we learn ed from the latest experiment as well as read others’ emails and tried to understand their ideas. We wasted a lot of time because of reading and writing emails. Therefore, we decided to discuss to each other face to face. Then, we found that just through a n eye contact, we can distinguish other’s attitude; just using body language, we can express a complex meaning. Through this way, we boost our efficiency and strongly promote our project.When classmates or colleagues communicate about a certain project, it is better for them to work in person than by e-mail.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.The modern society has required an increasing number of cooperation to a great extent in order to guarantee the success of tasks individuals are supposed to accomplish either under circumstances of school life or in the situation of the working. During the process of that cooperation, excellent level of communication is demanded between each member working together. From my perspective, the way of exchanging ideas in person is more suitable to succeed in fulfilling a project than by email.It should be admitted that conveying opinions through emails could be considered to be wonderful from a certain viewpoint. That means of communication between members in a team can avoid the possible trouble they might encounter if they have to gather together in person including the traffic fare, the time of commuting, and the difficulty of finding time as well as location available for all of team members. However, the advantages of discussing the project in person outnumber those via emails involving both the quality and the efficiency of completing that discussion they need. Those benefits are regarded as significantly essential elements in achieving success of communication and accomplishing the assignments as well. Due to those merits, it is more beneficial for a group to talk with each other through face to face meetings than emails.Moreover, in terms of the quality of communication, a team working on a project is advised to choose to discuss topics in person rather than via emails. By chatting with each other about the task needed to be done in person, group members can realize the face to face communication,which is believed to be an effective method of avoiding probable misunderstandings during the discussion with involvements of facial expressions, eye contacts, and body gestures beside words, the combination of which could be more accurate than writing what the members want to describe in emails. Through sending emails, people have the possibility of delivering what they mean in a wrong way or even lacking the ability of portraying their meanings in the written form. For instance, a designing team in an advertisement firm is asked to create a visual advertisement on TV. Without meeting in person instead of exchanging thoughts by email, the person responsible for producing the video might not create the exact image the designing people desire due to the possibility that the video maker is misled by phrases in emails. Therefore, the communication through face to face talking is superior to the way of exchanging emails in the area of the accuracy of meanings.In addition, in order to promote the efficiency during communicating, it is more helpful to have face to face discussions than talking through emails. People need time to check and respond to their emails, and that time would be longer when some of them might be occupied by other errands or assignments, or coming across technical breakdown or errors of the Internet as well as the performance of email system. Even though those members are not disturbed by those unfortunate incidents, the interaction via emails demands more time for people to organize words to compose emails owing to the fact that usually it is the writing instead of speaking that consumes more time to complete. In contrast, having prepared themselves with a great deal of necessary materials, individuals can articulate their opinions and fully explain their standpoints in a relatively short time of discussing meeting. Besides, people can give their responses to the feedback, comments, or questions at the same meeting without delaying. Thus, the group would be more likely to obtain the satisfying arrangement and appropriate outcomes for the project they are dealing with just in one meeting.In conclusion, although presenting ideas through emails might possess favorable factors, communicating in person contributes to better quality of communication and high efficiency of working. Therefore, a team is encouraged to perform the discussion in person rather than by email.While we were taught from a young age that efficiency means multi-tasking, certain projects should be completed one at a time. Such practice ensures the quality of the final product and prevents from one having to redo certain parts of a long process. It also ensures the safety of those who will ultimately be the users of the final product.A person has a limited attention span, and a sole stress of efficiency often results in a compromise of quality. In projects that are highly detailed and require a lot of careful attention, a person must devote his full attention to the task in order to not make any careless mistakes. Take, for example, a biology project involving the genetic engineering of a human cell line. A lot of initial planning is involved in selecting the right cells suitable for growing in a laboratory and capable of modification. The cells must then be carefully monitored in a controlled environment to keep them alive. The genes to be altered are analyzed before there are delivered in a viral vector to the desired cells. All of steps toward achieving the final product are laboriously planned out and executed. Any small mishaps along the way can easily force the scientist to start the process all over again and waste months of previous work.Some projects are assigned with specific instructions for those involved to not take on any other projects. Such projects often involve products that will affect the safety of a large number of individuals. In the field of architectural design, a public structure to be used by thousands, even millions, of people every day will require that the initial project be carried out with care. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was a public infrastructure completed in 1950 along the Puget Sound that was considered a monumental feat of engineering in its day. The twin suspension bridge, spanning 5,400 feet, took years of planning and construction by teams of architects, engineers, and construction workers. However, because the Department of Pacific Northwest Transportation was taking on several projects at the time and couldn’t simply focus on the bridge, the group of engineers failed to take the aerodynamics of the bridge into consideration during the design process. The gusts of wind along the Tacoma Narrows brought the structure to a collapse within months of the bridge’s opening, resulting in a catastrophe that is still rem embered to this day as a classic example of failure of engineering.As the two examples show, the projects of certain highly skilled professions require careful attention to detail and must be completed one at a time. Trying to couple several projects simultaneously will only result in one having to redo a lot of work due to careless errors or worse, a devastating loss of lives.。

西安电子科技大学研究生科技英语 PPT

Society of Manufacturing Engineers Education Foundation(2007) list of ―significant competency gaps among newly hired engineering graduates‖: written communication and oral communication.
The good news is HP controls the primary market share. Also the consumer inertia is another element can guarantee the company has the right of control.
Reading 40%
Questions Translation Summary Writing
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Exercises 这个信号包含的信息比那个信号多三倍. 我们所说的接收机是能够接受无线电波的一种设备。这所大学与十年前大不一样了。晶体管与电子管相比有许多优点。计算机由于运算准确、速度快而得到了广泛的应用。输出随输入的变化情况示于图2中。
The pronoun ―I‖ and ―We‖ are rarely used Rhetorical expressions, metaphors, colloquial expressions are avoided
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But even though the Copernican theory greatly simplified the ptolemaic theory by eliminating the large epicycles(本轮) that were really the result of the earth’s own motion, neither the theory predicted the exact positions of the planets at all times. The error in both theories was often as much as two degrees. 然而，即便哥白尼的理论通过消除实际上是由地球自身运动所引起的大本轮而大大地简化了托勒密的理论，两种理论均不能预测出这些行星在所有时间的精确位置。这两种理论之间的误差通常高达两度。

科技英语写作_西安电子科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

科技英语写作_西安电子科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1._____ elements in _____ Group 1 are called alkali metals.答案:The; /2.Accuracy is expressed as absolute error _____ relative error.答案:or3.The current through the power supply is _____.答案:a few thousandths of an ampere4.Based on the ___________ for random numbers, this paper offers a suggestionfor selecting random generators in simulation.答案:theoretical and empirical test5.“这个电热器消耗的电能比那个电热器多三倍。

”一句的英文表述，哪一项正确？答案:This electric heater dissipates four times more energy than that one.6.“本书包含几个应用方面的内容，其中一些是新的。

”一句的英文表述，哪一项正确？答案:This book includes several applied topics, some of them being new.7.“大气层宽广有力，它是由几百英里厚的各种气体的海洋构成的。

” 一句的英文表述，哪一项正确？答案:Large and powerful, the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles high.8.关于“变电站馈出电流减小，其中电流峰值降幅平均可达40%。

”一句的两种英文表述：①The out-feed current of the substation decreases, and the average declinein current peak is 40%. ②The out-feed current of the substation decreases with an average decline of 40% in current peak.说法正确的是________。