第三节 春化作用新——植物生理学课件PPT
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same time. The plant on the left is already flowering, whereas the plant on the right is delayed because it carries active FRI.
FRI plant very late flowering
Lysenko (1898-1976)
• 小麦对低温反应 的类型
冬性
半冬性
春性
Summer annual and vernalizationrequiring winterannual types of henbane (B) and Arabidopsis (C)
In both examples, a single-dominant gene is responsible for the vernalizationrequiring habit. All plants were grown in long days (inductive photoperiods) without vernalization. The rapidflowering summer annuals (which have initiated flowering) are at left and the winter-annual types at right.
Mutagenise with radiation
Screen for early flowering plants
3 loss of function Alleles of FRI
4 loss of function Alleles of FLC
monly-used, early-flowering genotypes of Arabidopsis
Landsberg erecta
Columbia
RLD
These flower in a cold-indpendent manner after producing ~5-15 rosette leaves.
Columbia Santa Fe Sf x Col
Late flowering Early flowering
0
55
40
0
135
46
Indicates 3:1 segregation with late flowering dominient
Gene Mapping of late flowering gene, FRIGIDA
FRI encodes a 609 amino acid protein of unknown function containing two coil-coil domains implicated in protein protein nteraction.
Arabidopsis flowering time mutants. Two Arabidopsis plants, sown at the
maintained through many mitotic divisions. Effects of vernalization reset at meiosis.
春化作用的分子机理
Natural ecotypes of Arabidopsis behave as winter annuals
第 三 节
春 化 作 用
几个概念
• 植物生长的温度三基点 cardinal temperature
• 温周期现象 thermoperiodicity
春化作用 vernalization
• 春化作用的概念 • 春化作用的性质 • 春化作用的机制
In order to obtain a certain result, you must want to obtain precisely that result; if you want to obtain a certain result, you will obtain it .... I need only such people as will obtain the results I need！
SanteБайду номын сангаасFe and Columbia Analysis
No vernalization 8 weeks vernalization
Santa Fe(winter annual)
Columbia(Summ er annual)
Genetic Analysis of Crossing between Columbia and Santa Fe
A cabbage plant that had been grown in the greenhouse for 5 years. Cabbage is a biennial and requires exposure to prolonged winter cold in order to flower the second spring after planting. The large cabbage has never been exposed to winter and therefore cannot flower.
春化素（vernalin）
矮牵牛
天仙子
赤霉素是 春化素吗？
SD
LD
GA+SD
Features of vernalization
Occurs at shoot meristem Requires several weeks of
exposure to low temperatures. Effects of vernalization
春化作用的性质
• 有效低温与春化时间 • 去春化作用、再春化作用
No vernalization
Vernalization
Exposed as a seedling to 4ºC for 40 days.
有效低温与春化时间
脱 春 化 作 用
春化作用的机理
• 春化作用的感受时期和感受部位 • 春化素（vernalin） • 春化作用的分子机理
FRI plant very late flowering
Lysenko (1898-1976)
• 小麦对低温反应 的类型
冬性
半冬性
春性
Summer annual and vernalizationrequiring winterannual types of henbane (B) and Arabidopsis (C)
In both examples, a single-dominant gene is responsible for the vernalizationrequiring habit. All plants were grown in long days (inductive photoperiods) without vernalization. The rapidflowering summer annuals (which have initiated flowering) are at left and the winter-annual types at right.
Mutagenise with radiation
Screen for early flowering plants
3 loss of function Alleles of FRI
4 loss of function Alleles of FLC
monly-used, early-flowering genotypes of Arabidopsis
Landsberg erecta
Columbia
RLD
These flower in a cold-indpendent manner after producing ~5-15 rosette leaves.
Columbia Santa Fe Sf x Col
Late flowering Early flowering
0
55
40
0
135
46
Indicates 3:1 segregation with late flowering dominient
Gene Mapping of late flowering gene, FRIGIDA
FRI encodes a 609 amino acid protein of unknown function containing two coil-coil domains implicated in protein protein nteraction.
Arabidopsis flowering time mutants. Two Arabidopsis plants, sown at the
maintained through many mitotic divisions. Effects of vernalization reset at meiosis.
春化作用的分子机理
Natural ecotypes of Arabidopsis behave as winter annuals
第 三 节
春 化 作 用
几个概念
• 植物生长的温度三基点 cardinal temperature
• 温周期现象 thermoperiodicity
春化作用 vernalization
• 春化作用的概念 • 春化作用的性质 • 春化作用的机制
In order to obtain a certain result, you must want to obtain precisely that result; if you want to obtain a certain result, you will obtain it .... I need only such people as will obtain the results I need！
SanteБайду номын сангаасFe and Columbia Analysis
No vernalization 8 weeks vernalization
Santa Fe(winter annual)
Columbia(Summ er annual)
Genetic Analysis of Crossing between Columbia and Santa Fe
A cabbage plant that had been grown in the greenhouse for 5 years. Cabbage is a biennial and requires exposure to prolonged winter cold in order to flower the second spring after planting. The large cabbage has never been exposed to winter and therefore cannot flower.
春化素（vernalin）
矮牵牛
天仙子
赤霉素是 春化素吗？
SD
LD
GA+SD
Features of vernalization
Occurs at shoot meristem Requires several weeks of
exposure to low temperatures. Effects of vernalization
春化作用的性质
• 有效低温与春化时间 • 去春化作用、再春化作用
No vernalization
Vernalization
Exposed as a seedling to 4ºC for 40 days.
有效低温与春化时间
脱 春 化 作 用
春化作用的机理
• 春化作用的感受时期和感受部位 • 春化素（vernalin） • 春化作用的分子机理