浅谈动词过去分词的用法

浅谈动词过去分词的用法
在英语中，动词的过去分词（The Past Participle）分为规则和不规则。

前者是由动词原形加词尾-ed构成；而后者没有统一的构成规则。

过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。

因此，动词过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，其在句子中可以用作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。

笔者归纳如下，与读者共享。

首先，过去分词作定语。

过去分词作定语时，要注意两点：一，作定语时要看与中心词即所修饰词的被动关系；二，作定语的位置，如果是单独的过去分词一般情况下应放在所修饰词的前面，如果是过去分词词组的话就要放在后面。

例如：
1,.There are two broken cups on the ground..
2. The excited boy is my brother.
3.The old man supported by walking stick is our previous headmaster.
4.This is one of the bridges built last month..
注意其与—ing形式的区别.如，a developed country(表示完成，一个发达国家)；a developing country(表示进行，一个发展中国家)。

其次，过去分词作表语。

过去分词作表语时一要看与主语的关系，并且译为某人感到……；二要看其位置要放在系动词的后面。

例如：
1.Tom got interested in the film the Rush Hour.
2.He became inspired when his father shouted:“cheer up!”.
表示“感情流露”的一些过去分词（如：interested, surprised, excited, shocked, upset 等）和这类过去分词（如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known等）常用作表语，表示状态，相当于一个形容词。

其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动含义。

再次，过去分词作宾补时比较复杂一些。

要注意以下几个问题：
1．注意作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间的关系。

作宾补的过去分词大多数来自于及物动词，强调被动或完成的意义。

（1）及物动词的过去分词作宾语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。

如：
I want the project finished.
The headmaster wants such questions discussed at the meeting.
（2）少数不及物动词（如go，change，fall等）的过去分词作宾补时，仅表示动作完成，因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。

如：
The couple came back, finding everything changed.
She found her cell-phone gone on her way home.
2.注意过去分词，现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别。

当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式（未来或全过程）或现在分词（正在进行或一直处于某种状态）；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，则用过去分词。

试比较下面的句子：
I saw her enter the classroom. (全过程)
I saw her talking to him happily.（正在进行）
I saw her bitten by snake. （her和bitten 之间是被动关系）
最后，过去分词作状语。

其主要是说明动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因，时间，条件，让步，方式或伴随情况等。

过去分词可置于主句前，主句后，且用逗号隔开。

如：
1.Frightened by the terrible noise in the night, the little girl didn’t dare to sleep
her own room..(表示原因)
2.Asked why she did it, the monitor said it was her duty.(表示时间)
3.Watered more, these flowers could have grown better.(表示条件)
4.The old woman went into the room, supported by her son.(表示方式或伴随)
相关练习：一，用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1．The door of the classroom is______(close)
2．The ground is covered by_________(fall)leaves.
3．The old man _______(support) by his son came to a safe place after the big earthquake.
4．I found my hometown greatly_______(change)
5．______(catch) in a heavy snow, he felt very hungry.
6．______(grow) in rich soil, these plants can grow fast.
Suggested answers:1 closed 2 fallen 3 supported 4 changed 5 Caught 6 Grown 二，选择题。

1，_________ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful..
A. See
B. Saw
C. Seeing
D. Seen,
2，___________ the past, our life is much better.
A. Comparing with
B. Be compared with
C. To compare with
D. Compared with 3，---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers.
A. Select
B. Selecting
C. To select
D. For selecting
4. "I'm glad ______ you here in the restaurant." "It's my great pleasure to have you ______ us."
A. meeting, to
B. to have met, with
C. having met, among
D. to meet, of
5. I'm afraid I can't make myself _____ in Japanese.
A. understanding
B. understand
C. to be understood
D. understood
6. Although in a hurry, Jack ______.
A. couldn't stop walking
B. couldn't help the stranger
C. stopped to help the stranger
D. didn't answer the stranger
7. Tom is easy _____.
A. for getting along with
B. by getting along with
C. to get along with
D. got along with
8. Don't forget ______ the light when you leave.
A. turn off
B. to turn off
C. turning off
D. turned off
9. Mrs wang is very glad; her baby is beginning ______.
A. understanding what she means
B. to understand that she meant
C. to understand what she means
D. noticing what she means ,
10. I think this story is _____ .
A. worth being read
B. worth reading
C. worth to read
D. worth of reading
11. This scientist is a man ______ praise.
A. worth to
B. worthy to be
C. worthy of
D. worth
12. I don't want ______ any more trouble, you see?
A. there being
B. it to be
C. it being
D. there to be
13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.
A. stealing
B. missed
C. stolen
D. to steal
14. Strictly _____, it isn't worth the price you are asking.
A. to speak
B. speaking
C. speak
D. spoken
15. Time ______, they'll come here to watch us ______ football.
A. permitted, playing
B. permitted, to play
C. permitting, play
D. permitting, to play
16. The man was seen _____ into the house.
A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen
17. Tim should love _____ to the party tomorrow evening.
A. taking
B. to be taken
C. to take
D. being taken
18. Robert had no choice but _____ the classroom with his classmates.
A. to clean
B. clean
C. cleaning
D. cleans
19. Mr. Smith said that his car needed
A. to be repaired
B. being repaired
C. be repairing
D. to repair
20. The old woman didn't know whether to sell the car or____ .
A. being kept for later use
B. kept for later use
C. to keep it for later use
D. to be kept it for later use
21. The noise of the drawers _____ could be heard in the next classroom.
A. being opened and closed
B. opened and closed
C. having been opened and closed
D. to be opened and closed
22. I remember _____ someone ____ the umbrella away.
A. to see, take
B. having seen, to take
C. to see, to take
D. having seen, take
23. The little boy was noticed ______ the shop.
A. to enter
B. enter
C. having entered
D. entered
24. I couldn't help _____ when I heard the joke.
A. being laughed
B. laughing
C. to be laughing
D. to laugh
25._____, she burst into tears.
A. Deeply moved
B. Deeply moving
C. As she deeply moved
D. As she was deeply moving
26. The problem requires ______.
A. studying with great care
B. to study carefully
C. to be studied without carelessness
D. taking great care of studying it
27. _____ carelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there. .
A. being written
B. Wrote
C. Write
D. Writing
28. Tom would rather ______ his parents with their housework than _____ out to play games.
A. to help, to go
B. help, go
C. help, to go
D. to help, go
29. The boy had his leg _____ while ____ football.
A. broken, playing
B. break, play
C. broken, played
D. broke, was playing
30. Having finished the work,_____. A. it was almost six o'clock
B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters
C. supper had been already prepared
D. we had a rest and then had supper
参考答案：1—5 DDCBD 6—10 CCBCB 11—15 CDCBC 16—20 ABAAC 21--25 ADABA 26-30 ADBAD。