第一章：翻译课导引要点

which have been expressed in another
language.
来自百度文库
2. Scope of Translation
1. in terms of languages: 2. in terms of the mode:
1.按语言分类： 语内翻译（intralingual translation）语际翻译 （interlingual translation） 2. 按活动形式分类： 笔译（translation） 口译（oral interpretation）： 连续传译（consecutive translation） 和同声传译（simultaneous translation）
（ 2 ）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 (The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.)
（3）译文应和原作同样流畅 (A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.）
• 林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美”
• 瞿秋白的“信顺统一”
• 许渊冲的“音美、形美、意美（三美）” Criteria for beginners:
Faithfulness & Smoothness
Three Principles of Translation:
十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大 · 泰特勒 (Alexander Fraser Tytler, 1747-1814) 。 他 在 《 论 翻 译 的 原 则 》(Essay on the Principles of Translation)一书中提出了著名的翻译三原则： （1）译文应完全复写出原作的思想（A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.）
翻译课概论（导引）
• 单词
基础建设 infrastructure 淡季 slack seasons 淡茶 weak tea 淡水 fresh water 第一产业 the primary industry 第二产业 the secondary industry 第三产业 the service industry
美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida： • Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the sourcelanguage message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
3. in terms of materials to be translated: 4. in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation)
3. 按翻译材料的文体分类： 应用文体翻译 科技文体翻译 论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译 艺术文体翻译 4. 按处理方式分类：全译 节译 摘译 编译 译述
裤子 trousers pants/slacks/jeans 面条 noodles pasta 黄头发 yellow hair blond/blonde 厕所 WC /toilet men's room/women's room/ restroom/powder room
• 1) 一架从昆明起飞的小飞机,载着我们,飞 越群山,把我们送到了景洪. 1a) A small plane took off from Kunming, carried us, flew over the mountains, and sent us to Jinghong. Improved: 1b) A small plane from Kunming flew over the mountains and sent us to Jinghong.
• （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又 自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语 义上，其次在文体上。)
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. 好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以 使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同
5) 我老公他看你下岗了，舍不得花钱，就自 己跑到电影院买了两张票，今天晚上请我 们两个人去看电影。 (《老房有喜》） My husband has bought two film tickets for us tonight, because you’re laid off and have to cut your expenses. 解雇： lay off
3. Criteria in China
• A. We know Xuanzang once said about translation
既需求真，又需喻俗，which means both faithful to
the original and easy to understand. • B. Yan Fu’s (严复) “three character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898 in the Preface of his translation of the book Natural Selection(《天演论》), is the principle
2) Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves and by dim lamps. 党的干部住寒冷的窑洞，吃简陋的饮食， 靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作着。
meager:
adj. 贫乏的
• 词组 3) 风和日丽之时，佘山、金山、崇明岛隐隐可见。 原译：On a day of gentle breeze and bright sun, the Tower dominates an indistinct view of … 改译：On a fine day, you can even see …in the distance, though not very clearly. 4) In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of various colors and sizes. 门口堆着至少十二把各种颜色和尺寸的伞． Ref. 门口堆着一堆伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色， 大小不一．
使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。(泰特勒，1790)
综合各家之长:
• 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出 来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社 会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。 • Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas
• (6) John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. • 约翰为人可靠,他既忠诚又办事公道. • (7) Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. • 华尔街是个残酷的地方.
教学目的与要求
• 教学目的： 阐释翻译的性质与特点、介绍翻译的基本理论、 概括翻译的常用技巧、揭示英汉语言、文化、思 维的差异、提高英语理解和汉语表达水平，加强 文字素养、培养跨文化交流的能力。 • 教学要求： 能灵活地运用所学翻译理论与常用技巧，发挥主 观能动性，做到忠实、通顺地翻译中等难度的文 学作品节录，以及英美报刊杂志有关政治、经济、 历史、文化等时文；提高逻辑思维、形象思维、 经验思维等认知能力，通过翻译表现出较高的综 合素养。
1. What is translation?(翻译的定义)
• The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one
language into another(从一种语言转换成另一种语
言); • Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。
• D. Fu Lei’s (傅雷) spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit （神 似)
• E. Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书) transmigration (化境) • 鲁迅：翻译：力求其易解, 保存原作的丰姿。反对牛 头不对马嘴，提出“宁信而不顺”之原则。
• 句子
永远记住你 remember you forever always remember you 真遗憾 it‘s a pity that's too bad/it's a shame 小心台阶pay attention to the steps mind the steps 我感到很痛 I feel great pain 亚洲四小龙 the Four Little Tigers of Asia 百里挑一 one in a thousand 干杯！ Cheers! Bottoms up.
of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、达、雅).
• C. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、切); faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (信、达、贴),
• 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。
The definition is:
• Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. • To be more exact, in Nida’s & Tytler’s words
• （1）It is a position which if we endorse，it will really mean endorsing the rule of the jungle, that is, a world without law. • 译文一:如果我们认可这种状况,那就真正意 味着赞同丛林法则,也就是无法无天的世界。 • 译文二:如果我们认可这种状况,那就真正意 味着赞同弱肉强食的原则,也就是一个没有 法制的世界。 endorse：vt. 支持，赞同