动词不定式专项练习【含答案】

动词不定式

1.动词不定式的构成

形式构成例子

动词肯定式to(不定式符号)+动词原形to speak

不否定式not+to+动词原形not to speak

定式疑问式疑问词+to+动词原形how to speak

不to+动词原形+宾语to speak English

定to+动词原形+状语to speak loudly

式to+动词原形+宾语+状语to speak English loudly

短语to+be+表语to be a teacher

2.动词不定式的功能

功能结构特点例句

主 a.常用it做形式主语，动词不定式做It’s useful for us to learn English well

真正的主语，放在句子后面。基本结构是学好英语对我们来说是很有用的。

语It is/was +adj.(for/of sb.)+to do sth

b.常用It takes sb sometime to do sth.结构It took me ten minutes to get there.

宾 a.用在及物动词之后I want to buy a computer.

b.常用it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的I think it important to learn English well.

宾语，放在句子的后面。基本结构我认为学好英语很重要。

语是：主语+谓语动词+it+adj.+to do sth

表语 a.用在连系动词之后my job is to feed animals.

定 a.动词不定式做定语时应后置，表示将要发生I want to the first one to get to the top of the

语的动作。被修饰语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾语。mountain. 我想成为第一个到达山顶的人。

宾语 a.用在宾语之前，否定形式一般是在The teacher told you not to talk in class.

补足语不定式前加not

状语 a.表示目的I usually go to see my grandparents.

b.表示原因I’m glad to see you here.

c.表示结果the shoes are too small for me to wear.

d.表示程度tom is old enough to go to school.

说明：为避免重复使用动词，常用to代替不定式短语。

--would you like to go swimming? --yes, I’d love to .

用法诀窍：to加动原是不定，非谓不做谓语用。有时有态无人称，功能如同名副形。可做宾状主表定，疑问副代可连用。宾补有to无to分两种，to前加not是否定。

用动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）和跟双宾语的动词

1.用动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）

动词（短语）短语形式例句说明

Ask,decide,hope,want,agree +to do I agree to teach them English 这些动词只能接动词

choose,wish,would like 不定式作宾语

hate,like,love,prefer,begin,stare +to do sth/doing sth I like singing, but now I don’t like to sing. 差别意义不大

try，forget,remember,stop,go on +to do sth/doing sth please remember to lock the door 意义差别很大。

Help + to do sth /do sth kate usually helps to do some housework at home to可省略

Need +to do sth/doing sth you need to go home quickly,加动词不定式表示助动意义。

Your shoes need mending.加ing表示被动意义。

Ask,choose,decide,forget, 9 +疑问词+to do sth I don’t know how to answer this question. 疑问词why没有know,learn,aee,show,teach ,tell,understand,find out 次用法，不定式的逻辑主语常是句子的主语。

2.跟双宾语的动词。

概述：有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语，前者指物，表示动作的承受着或结果，后者常指人，表示动作的执行者或者对象。

结构：a.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+sb+sth please pass me the book

b.动词+直接宾语+介词（to/for）+间接宾语+sth to/for+sb please pass the cheese to me

说明1.当直接宾语为人称代词时，用结构b please pass it to me

2.当直接宾语比间接宾语短时，常用结构b lei feng always gave his seat to an old person

or a person with a baby.

3.当强调间接宾语时，多用结构b。dad bought the book doe me, not for you

4.在give,pass,show,hand.lend,return,sell.send,take,bring 等动词后，常用to表示给，强调

动作的对象。

I’m sorr，I’ve lent the book to kate

5.在buy,get,make,choose,cook,do fingd,sing等动词之后常用for表示“为，替”强调动作

的目的。

Please get two kilos of eggs for me.

一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.

1．To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

二、作表语My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。

如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。

三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要),