动词的 ed形式

动词的-ed形式

动词的-ed形式的语法功能

动词的-ed形式具有副词、形容词的特征，在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等成分。

⑴作表语：表示主语的某种性质或状态。

A.状态性动词的形式作表语

The shop has remained shut for a week.这家商店关门一周了。

All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.

听到那个悲伤的故事，我们都感动地流下泪来。

B.形容词性动词的形式作表语

Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBA stars.

大多数学生对流行歌星和明星感兴趣。

I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game.

在比赛中看到小吉米跑得这么快，我非常惊讶。

⑵作定语：有的置于被修饰词前，有的置于被修饰词后。

①单个的-ed形式作定语置于被修饰词前，通常为及物动词的-ed形式，表示被动与完成的意义。

We only sell used books in our book store. 我们的书店只卖用过的书。

The lost time can never be found again. 丢失的时间将永远找不回来。

注：少数表示位置移动和状态改变的不及物动词的-ed形式也可作前置定语，但不表示被动，只表示完成。

the changed situation改变了的形式 a retired teacher 退休的教师

the fallen leaves落叶 a developed country发达国家

②置于被修饰词的后面：单个动词的-ed形式作定语也可置于被修饰词后，大多数作后置定语的-ed形式是短语形式，其作用相当于定语从句。

Things seen are mightier than things heard. 眼见为实，耳听为虚。

The story written by a middle school student is popular in schools.

由一名中学生写的这个故事在学校中很流行。（相当于The story which was written by a ...）The old man, greatly disturbed in prison, almost lost his memory.

这位老人，由于在监狱受到了困扰，几乎失去了记忆力。（相当于The old man, who was greatly disturbed in prison, almost...）

③特殊的-ed形式作定语：有些不单独用作定语的动词的-ed形式，在加上前缀un或与某些副词、名词、形容词构成复合词后，可作前置定语。

untold sufferings说不尽的痛苦newly laid eggs刚下的蛋

deep-set eyes深陷的眼睛unfinished work没完成的工作

kind-hearted people/ warm-hearted people热心肠的人冷血动物

a blue-eyed girl蓝眼睛的姑娘

⑶作补足语:宾语补足语和主语补足语

A. 作宾语补足语：动词的-ed形式多来自及物动词，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。此时它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。

If you want to make yourself respected, you are above all to respect others.

如果你想让自己被尊重，首先你必须尊重别人。

I found myself lost and couldn’t sense the right direction.

我发现自己迷路了，不能辨别出正确的方向。

B. 作主语补足语：把宾语补足语的句子变为被动句，原来的宾语补足语随之变为主语补足语。

The boy was found lost and couldn’t find his way back.有人发现孩子迷路了，找不到回去的路。Almost no student is seen punished in this school. 在这所学校几乎见不到学生被处罚的事。

(4) 作状语：可以表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。

A. 时间状语：可置于句首，句尾，有时置于主谓之间。

Asked about his family, he made no answer.

He, asked about his family, made no answer.

He made no answer, asked about his family.

当问到有关他的家庭情况时，他没回答。

Lost in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come.

在森林里迷路时，你首先应呆在原地等待帮助。

B. 原因状语：一般置于句首，偶尔置于句尾或句中。

Seriously injured, he had to be taken to school.由于伤得严重，只好把他送往医院。

The child learns fast, well brought up by his parents.

由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很快。

C. 条件状语：一般位于句首。

United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合则立，分必垮。

Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful. 从远处看，这个村庄看上去更漂亮。