动词-ed形式的用法
v-ed用法
动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。
绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1.规则动词的-ed形式limit→limited(限制)pretend→pretended(假装)escape→escaped(逃脱)provide→provided(提供)refer→referred(提交)drag→dragged(拖)pray→prayed(祈祷)supply→supplied(供应)2.不规则动词的-ed形式cast→cast(投掷)spread→spread(传播)bite→bitten(咬)forgive→forgiven(原谅)spit→spat(吐)wear→worn(穿)fight→fought(搏斗)lose→lost(丢失)3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged an aged man 老人beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。
C.动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。
1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
动词ed作后置定语
如何使用动词-ed形式作后置定语一、动词-ed形式的构成动词-ed形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,也称为过去分词。
它的构成方法有以下几种:一般情况下,直接在动词原形后加-ed,如:work-worked, play-played, study-studied等。
以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加-d,如:live-lived, hope-hoped, love-loved等。
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied, carry-carried, worry-worried等。
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped, plan-planned, rob-robbed等。
不规则动词的过去分词形式,要根据词典或记忆,如:see-seen, go-gone, write-written等。
二、动词-ed形式的含义和功能动词-ed形式作后置定语时,表示其所修饰的名词或代词与动作之间的被动关系,即名词或代词是动作的承受者或结果。
如:a broken window 一个被打破的窗户a stolen car 一辆被偷走的汽车a surprised look 一种惊讶的表情动词-ed形式作后置定语时,还可以表示其所修饰的名词或代词的状态,特征,性质等,相当于形容词。
如:a retired worker 一个退休的工人a crowded bus 一辆拥挤的公共汽车a satisfied customer 一个满意的顾客三、动词-ed形式的位置和顺序动词-ed形式作后置定语时,一般放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面,与名词或代词构成名词短语。
如:the book written by him 他写的书the girl dressed in red 穿红衣服的女孩the problem solved yesterday 昨天解决的问题如果动词-ed形式带有修饰语或其他成分,如介词短语,从句等,则一般用做后置定语,相当于定语从句。
单元语法专题复习(动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语)(解析版)
专题16语法专题复习(动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语)【语法讲解】一、动词-ed形式作定语1.前置定语与后置定语(1)单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语。
修饰复合不定代词的动词-ed形式作后置定语。
A watched pot never boils.All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.Is there anything unfinished?(后置)(2)作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author)A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. (= who was dressed like alawyer)2.动词的-ed作定语的意义(1)及物动词的-ed形式作定语:被修饰词与动词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作已经完成;或只表示被动意义。
some boiled water(表示被动和完成)He is a film star loved by many young fans.(表示被动)(2)不及物动词的-ed形式作定语:只表示已经完成的动作。
The street is covered with fallen leaves.(表示完成)二、动词的-ed形式作状语1.动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. (表时间,= After we had been shown the lab...)Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. (表原因,= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)Given more time, he would be able to do better. (表条件,= If water is heated...)Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. (表让步,= Even if he was laughed by many people ...)The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.(表伴随,= and he was surrounded by the students)2.动词-ed形式作状语,可以和连词一起使用。
英语语法详解 动词ed形式的构成和用法
英语语法详解动词ed形式的构成和用法动词-ed形式的构成:由动词原形+ed构成(也有一些动词为不规则动词),也称为动词的过去分词。
动词-ed形式仍保留着动词的特征,可以跟宾语和状语。
I'd like the problem solved quickly. 我希望这个问题能尽快解决。
(带有自己的状语)Offered more opportunities, he could have done it better. 如果提供给他更多的机会,他可能会做得更好。
(带有自己的宾语)动词-ed形式的否定形式:由not/never+动词-ed形式构成。
Not watered in time, the flowers withered. 没有及时浇水,花朵枯萎了。
动词-ed形式的含义:一般及物动词的-ed形式表示完成的和被动的动作;不及物动词的-ed 形式只表示完成,不表被动。
With all the things bought, he went home happily. 东西都买齐了,他高高兴兴地回家了。
(表被动表完成)Autumn is coming, and the ground is full of fallen leaves. 秋天来了,地上满是落叶。
(表完成)动词-ed形式的用法动词-ed形式具有动词,形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作定语,表语,状语,补语。
1.动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作定语既可以放在所修饰名词的前面,称为前置定语,也可以放在所修饰名词的后面,称为后置定语。
单个的动词-ed形式作定语一般放在所修饰名词的前面(少数单个动词-ed形式作定语放在所修饰名词的后面,如left);而动词-ed形式的短语作定语一般放在所修饰名词的后面。
The disappointed look on her face suggested she was very sad. 她脸上失望的表情表明她很伤心。
非谓语动词之动词的-ed形式
词法:非谓语动词之动词的-ed形式1.动词的-ed形式的结构特征动词的-ed形式,又称过去分词,通常是动词原形后加-ed构成的,但也有不规则的形式(详细参阅词法之动词)。
动词的-ed形式仍保留着动词的许多特征,因此在句中可以有自己的状语和逻辑主语,带双宾语的及物动词构成的动词的-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语,其否定形式是在其前加not。
Given enough care , the children can cooperate better .(带有自己的宾语)如果给予足够的关心,孩子们会合作得更好。
Greatly encouraged , we made up our mind to carry on the hard work .(带有自己的状语)2.动词的-ed形式的语法功能动词的-ed形式既有副词的特征也有动词的特征,在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等成分。
(1)作表语动词的-ed形式作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。
①状态性动词的-ed形式作表语The shops have remained shut for a week .All the people present were already seated , waiting for the conference to open .All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story .②形容词性的动词的-ed形式作表语作表语的动词的-ed形式表示事物的性质,这些词往往被视为形容词,可以用very进行修饰(详细参阅词法之形容词)。
Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBAstar players .I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game .N:有些表示位置移动的不及物动词的-ed形式也可作表语。
高考英语语法:动词的-ed其他表示用法
高考英语语法:动词的-ed其他表示用法动词的-ed其他表示用法动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1.表示时间动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看,城市显得很美丽。
(= When the city is seen from the tower...)Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后,又带我们参观了图书馆。
(= After we had been shown the lab...) Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后,他立刻回到了学校。
(= After he was completely examined...)提示:有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时,她羞愧地低下了头。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康,他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条,它就会走半个月,并且走得很准。
2. 表示原因动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn’t help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动,情不自禁地哭了起来。
高考英语语法:动词的-ed形式作定语
2019高考英语语法:动词的-ed形式作定语动词的-ed形式作定语动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。
1.前置定语单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候,每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。
提示:如要表示强调,单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
2.后置定语作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。
(= that are written by this author)Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。
(= who had been invited to the reception)The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千名学生出席了。
(= which was attended by one thousand students)A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来,并作为法官就座。
动词-ed
动词-ed形式一.概述:动词-ed形式在句中起形容词或副词的作用,在句中可作定语、表语、状语和主语补足语、宾语补足语,一般表示完成的或被动的动作。
二.动词-ed形式的用法1. 动词-ed形式作定语作定语的动词-ed形式如果是单个词,一般放在名词的前面;如果是动词-ed形式短语,要放在名词的后面。
Chinese civilization was one of the most developed civilizations in ancient world. The new sports complex has everything needed for many different activities.She had a worried look on her face.The frightened horse ran away from the fire.The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.2. 动词-ed形式作表语The door remains locked.Mary seems worried at the news.Are you married or single?She looked astonished at the news.The mountain was covered with snow all the year round.3. 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语We’ll keep you informed of how things are going on with us.We found the student greatly changed.4. 动词-ed形式作状语Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Heated, water changes into steam.Even if invited, I won’t go.Viewed from a distance, the island looked like a cloud.5. 动词-ed形式的否定形式“not+动词-ed形式”Not invited, I won’t go to Sheila’s party.The little girl was left uncared for.三.动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的区别1. 动词-ing形式表示主动或正在进行的动作;动词-ed形式表示被动或已经完成的动作。
动词的-ed形式资料
动词的-e d形式动词的-ed形式动词的-ed形式的语法功能动词的-ed形式具有副词、形容词的特征,在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等成分。
⑴作表语:表示主语的某种性质或状态。
A.状态性动词的形式作表语The shop has remained shut for a week. 这家商店关门一周了。
All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.听到那个悲伤的故事,我们都感动地流下泪来。
B.形容词性动词的形式作表语Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBA stars.大多数学生对流行歌星和明星感兴趣。
I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game.在比赛中看到小吉米跑得这么快,我非常惊讶。
⑵作定语:有的置于被修饰词前,有的置于被修饰词后。
①单个的-ed形式作定语置于被修饰词前,通常为及物动词的-ed形式,表示被动与完成的意义。
We only sell used books in our book store. 我们的书店只卖用过的书。
The lost time can never be found again. 丢失的时间将永远找不回来。
注:少数表示位置移动和状态改变的不及物动词的-ed形式也可作前置定语,但不表示被动,只表示完成。
the changed situation 改变了的形式 a retired teacher 退休的教师the fallen leaves 落叶 a developed country发达国家②置于被修饰词的后面:单个动词的-ed形式作定语也可置于被修饰词后,大多数作后置定语的-ed形式是短语形式,其作用相当于定语从句。
Things seen are mightier than things heard. 眼见为实,耳听为虚。
动词ed形式做状语
动词ed形式做状语动词的过去分词形式(-ed形式)可以用作状语来修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示时间、原因、方式、结果等。
下面是一些常见的例子:1. 时间:I arrived late because I overslept.(我迟到了,因为我睡过头了。
)2. 原因:She smiled happily, pleased with her success.(她高兴地微笑着,对自己的成功感到满意。
)3. 方式:The children played happily in the park.(孩子们在公园里快乐地玩耍。
)4. 结果:He fell asleep exhausted after a long day at work.(他在工作了一整天后筋疲力尽地睡着了。
)其他例子:1. Exhausted: She ran for miles and arrived at the finish line exhausted.(她跑了好几英里,精疲力尽地到达了终点线。
)2. Excitedly: The children opened their presents excitedly on Christmas morning.(孩子们在圣诞节早晨兴奋地打开了他们的礼物。
)3. Surprised: The audience applauded loudly, surprised by the unexpected performance.(观众们大声鼓掌,对这出意外的表演感到惊讶。
)4. Happily: They danced and sang happily at the wedding celebration.(他们在婚庆上快乐地跳舞和唱歌。
)5. Carefully: The chef sliced the vegetables carefully with a sharp knife.(厨师小心地用锋利的刀子切蔬菜。
动词-ed形式作定语
一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。
这种分词叫分词形容词, 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。
如:spoken English (英语口语);iced beer (冰冻啤酒);cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。
如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
1. The tall man is a returned student.高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。
2. My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教师。
(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。
Lost time can never be found again.虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗?(=That has been planned for tonight)2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。
动词的-ed形式
动词的-ed形式动词的-ed形式的语法功能动词的-ed形式具有副词、形容词的特征,在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等成分。
⑴作表语:表示主语的某种性质或状态。
A. 状态性动词的形式作表语The shop has remained shut for a week. 这家商店关门一周了。
All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.听到那个悲伤的故事,我们都感动地流下泪来。
B.形容词性动词的形式作表语Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBA stars.大多数学生对流行歌星和明星感兴趣。
I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game.在比赛中看到小吉米跑得这么快,我非常惊讶。
⑵ 作定语:有的置于被修饰词前,有的置于被修饰词后。
①单个的-ed形式作定语置于被修饰词前,通常为及物动词的-ed形式,表示被动与完成的意义。
We only sell used books in our book store. 我们的书店只卖用过的书。
The lost time can never be found again. 丢失的时间将永远找不回来。
注:少数表示位置移动和状态改变的不及物动词的-ed形式也可作前置定语,但不表示被动,只表示完成。
the changed situation 改变了的形式 a retired teacher 退休的教师the fallen leaves 落叶 a developed country发达国家②置于被修饰词的后面:单个动词的-ed形式作定语也可置于被修饰词后,大多数作后置定语的-ed形式是短语形式,其作用相当于定语从句。
Things seen are mightier than things heard. 眼见为实,耳听为虚。
高考英语语法:动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语
高考英语语法:动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时,一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。
1.在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。
I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。
We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。
Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。
He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。
2.在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。
①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。
Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。
I’ll just get these dishes washed and then I’ll come. 我得先把盘子洗了,然后就来。
比较:动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,和宾语是主动关系。
I couldn誸get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。
He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难,难的是说开了止不住他。
动词的ed形式
动词的ed形式动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。
绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1.规则动词的-ed形式limit→limited(限制)pretend→pretended(假装)escape→escaped(逃脱)provide→provided(提供)refer→referred(提交)drag→dragged(拖)pray→prayed(祈祷)supply→supplied(供应)2.不规则动词的-ed形式cast→cast(投掷)spread→spread(传播)bite→bitten(咬)forgive→forgiven(原谅)spit→spat(吐)wear→worn(穿)fight→fought(搏斗)lose→lost(丢失)3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged an aged man 老人beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。
C.动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。
1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
初中关于动词如何接"ed"的用法
初中关于动词如何接"ed"的用法以下是小编给大家整理的初中关于动词如何接"ed"的用法,希望可以帮到大家英语中在描述过去发生的事情时,动词是要发生变形的,也就是我们所说的动词的过去式和过去分词。
在规则变化中,一般就是在动词后加上ed,今天我们就来看看该如何接吧~~1. 一般在词尾加“-ed”help-helped-helped 帮助look-looked-looked 看plant-planted-planted 种植work-worked-worked 工作2. 以不发音e结尾的词加“-d”live-lived-lived 居住hope-hoped-hoped 希望change-changed-changed 变化3. 名词以“元音字母+y”结尾时,加“-ed”;以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,变 y为i,再加“-ed”play-played-played 玩stay-stayed-stayed 逗留study-studied-studied 学习carry-carried-carried 运送4. 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,然后再加ed。
drop-dropped-dropped 掉落stop-stopped-stopped 停止plan-planned-planned 计划prefer-preferred-preferred 更喜欢5. 少数双音节动词,尽管重音不在后面,可以双写末尾的辅音字母,然后再加ed。
travel-traveled-traveled(美语)旅行travel-travelled-travelled(英语)。
动词的ed形式
动词的ed形式动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。
绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed 构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1.规则动词的-ed形式limit→limited(限制)pretend→pretended(假装)escape→escaped(逃脱)provide→provided(提供)refer→referred(提交)drag→dragged(拖)pray→prayed(祈祷)supply→supplied(供应)2.不规则动词的-ed形式cast→cast(投掷)spread→spread(传播)bite→bitten(咬)forgive→forgiven(原谅)spit→spat(吐)wear→worn(穿)fight→fought(搏斗)lose→lost(丢失)3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged an aged man 老人beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。
C.动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。
1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
动词-ed形式作定语
动词—ed形式作定语—ed形式是动词非谓语形式的一种,是高考英语试题的重点,同学们应该熟练掌握.从性质上讲,动词-ed形式相当于形容词或副词,一般它可以在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语。
下面我们主要就动词-ed形式作定语进行归纳总结。
我们先来看看以下例句并体会黑体部分的用法。
1. My borrowed book must be returned by tomorrow。
2. The photos taken on the airplane are wonderful。
3。
She collected these fallen leaves and put them into the garbage bag。
【自我归纳】☆一些及物动词的-ed形式作定语与所修饰的词之间有两种关系:从时间上讲,多表示动作已经_____,这是指它所表达的动作在谓语所表达的动作之前或某个时间参照点之前就已经完成;从语态上讲,通常表示被动的概念,如句1-2.动词-ed形式作定语,相当于一个定语从句.如句1可转化为The book which/ that I borrowed must 。
.。
;句2可转化为The photos which / that were taken .。
.。
☆一些不及物动词的-ed形式作定语在意义上只表示_____不表示_____,可转化为完成时态的定语从句。
如句3可转化为She collected these leaves which had fallen and 。
..。
再如the risen sun表示“升起的太阳”.☆从位置上看,单个动词-ed形式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之_____,称为前置定语,如句1,句3;动词-ed形式短语作定语常放在被修饰的名词之后,称为_____,如句2。
Key: 完成;完成;被动;前;后置定语【难点提示】动词—ed形式、动词-ing形式作定语的区别1。
I am reading a novel written by Mark Twain at present。
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V-ed形式的用法过去分词作定语I. 基本了解1. V-ed 形式的构成V-ed形式有规则变化和不规则变化之分。
规则的V-ed形式由动词原形加词尾-ed 构成,不规则的V-ed形式情况各异。
2. V-ed 形式的意义及物动词的V-ed形式表示被动和完成,不及物动词的V-ed形式仅表示完成。
[自填助记]a(n) cup 一个破杯子 the novel 出版了的小说a(n) country 发达国家 the leaves 落叶[Key] broken; published; developed; fallenII. V-ed形式作定语时的位置及意义1. 位置单个V-ed形式作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之前,V-ed形式短语作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之后。
[自填助记]① He is __________________________________(一名退休工人).② _________________________________(那个丢失的孩子) was found at last.③ __________________________ (那个在电影院里丢失的孩子) was found at last.④ We are going to talk about the problem __________________ (上次会上讨论的).[Key]① a retired worker②The lost child③ The child lost in the cinema④ discussed at the la st meeting2. 意义(1) V-ed形式作定语,意义上相当于一个定语从句。
(2) 及物动词的V-ed形式和逻辑主语(即它所修饰的名词)之间是被动关系,强调动作已完成,可以替换为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。
(3) 不及物动词的V-ed形式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系(即只说明逻辑主语所处的状态和具有的特点等),强调动作已完成,可以替换为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。
[自填助记]① The house, built a hundred years ago, stood still a fter the earthquake.= The house, _____________ a hundred years ago, stood still after the earthquake.② There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.= There are a lot of leaves _____________ in autumn.[Key] ① which was built② which / that have fallen[高考链接]1. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm. [2009年北京卷]A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow2. The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. [2008年湖南卷]A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing down D to blow down3. It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year. [2008年浙江卷]A. findingB. being foundC. to findD. found4. The Town Hall in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. [2007年上海卷]A. to be completedB. having been completedC. CompletedD. being completed5. “Things never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. [2007年湖南卷]A. lostB. LosingC. to loseD. have lost[Key] 1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A过去分词作宾语补足语内容简介:过去分词作宾补,表示被动或完成意义。
过去分词与宾语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
过去分词作宾补常用于以下四种情况:一、用在感官动词see, watch, notice, find, observe, catch, hear, feel 等后面作宾补。
如:She saw the wounded man carried into the hospital.她看到那个受伤的男人被抬进了医院。
【考例点击】In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海卷)A. chasedB. to be chasedC. be chasedD. having been chased【A】【拓展】非谓语动词用在感官动词后作宾补的区别:不定式(不带to)常表示动作已结束,强调动作的全过程;现在分词表示正在进行的动作,强调当时的情景,为部分过程;过去分词与宾语之间为被动关系或表示动作已完成。
【考例点击】After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice him. (2007上海春)A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call 【A】二、用在使役动词have, make, get, keep, leave等后面作宾补。
如:He managed to get the task finished on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。
【考例点击】Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. (2007福建卷)A. improvedB. ImprovingC. to improveD. Improve 【A】【特别提醒】(1) 在“have+宾语+宾补”结构中,充当宾补的有do,doing和 done。
do表示主动,动作可能发生;doing表示主动,动作在持续;have sth. done请别人来做某事或遭遇到某情况。
如:The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷)A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up 【C】(2) 在“make+宾语+宾补”结构中用do或done而不用doing作宾补。
如:My parents have always made me about myself, even when I was twelve. (2007江苏卷)A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel wellD. feel good【D】(3)“keep/leave+宾语+宾补”,宾补由过去分词、现在分词等充当。
They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. (2009全国II 卷)A. being runB. runC. to runD. running【D】三、用在order, want, wish, expect等表示“希望、要求”的动词后面作宾补。
如:【考例点击】She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be verypopular. (2007上海春)A. displayB. to displayC. displayingD. displayed【D】【拓展】此类动词后跟to do和done作宾补。
to do表主动,done表被动。
四、在“with复合结构”中作宾补。
如:The day ended with nothing settled.那一天什么也没解决就结束了。
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work , he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽卷)A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished 【A】【拓展】在with复合结构中,不定式表示尚未发生的动作,现在分词表示主动关系,过去分词表示被动关系。
如:— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.— Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建卷)A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled【B】过去分词作定语、表语一、过去分词作定语:1. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.2. People today tend to choose vegetables grown without chemicals.3. The money raised at the evening will be sent to the earthquake survivors as soon as possible.通过对三个例句的观察,我们可以发现过去分词作定语的主要知识点:(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般置于被修饰的名词之前。
如:cooked food, boiled water, fried eggs, a forced smile...过去分词短语作定语则置于被修饰的名词之后。
如:problems left over by history, a woman dressed in green...(2) 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”或“被动并结束了的动作”,如:vegetables grown without chemicals,a repaired car…不及物动词的过去分词只表示“动作发生在谓语动词之前”或“动作已完成、已结束”,不表示被动。