动词-ed形式作定语

动词-ed形式作定语

-ed形式是动词非谓语形式的一种，是高考英语试题的重点，同学们应该熟练掌握。从性质上讲，动词-ed形式相当于形容词或副词，一般它可以在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语。下面我们主要就动词-ed形式作定语进行归纳总结。

我们先来看看以下例句并体会黑体部分的用法。

1. My borrowed book must be returned by tomorrow.

2. The photos taken on the airplane are wonderful.

3. She collected these fallen leaves and put them into the garbage bag.

【自我归纳】

☆一些及物动词的-ed形式作定语与所修饰的词之间有两种关系:从时间上讲，多表示动作已经_____，这是指它所表达的动作在谓语所表达的动作之前或某个时间参照点之前就已经完成；从语态上讲，通常表示被动的概念，如句1-2。动词-ed形式作定语，相当于一个定语从句。如句1可转化为The book which/ that I borrowed must ...；句2可转化为The photos which / that were taken ...。

☆一些不及物动词的-ed形式作定语在意义上只表示_____不表示_____，可转化为完成时态的定语从句。如句3可转化为She collected these leaves which had fallen and ...。再如the risen sun表示“升起的太阳”。

☆从位置上看，单个动词-ed形式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之_____,称为前置定语，如句1，句3；动词-ed形式短语作定语常放在被修饰的名词之后，称为_____，如句2。

Key: 完成；完成；被动；前；后置定语

【难点提示】动词-ed形式、动词-ing形式作定语的区别

1. I am reading a novel written by Mark Twain at present.

2. A little child learning to walk often falls.

【点拨】当逻辑主语是分词所表示动作的执行者时，常用动词-ing形式作定语，如句2；当逻辑主语是分词所表示动作的承受者时，常用动词-ed形式作定语，如句1。

【难点提示2】动词-ed形式、动词-ing形式、动词不定式的被动式作定语时的区别

1. His book published last year sells well.

（已经出版）

2. His book being published will be on sale next year. （正在出版）

3. His book to be published next year will be his best one. （将要出版）

【点拨】当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间是被动关系时，分别有“已经被”、“正在被”、“将要被”三种情况，如句1-3。

【难点提示3】excite, interest, surprise,

satisfy等动词的-ed形式和动词的-ing形式作定语是有区别的

1. Hearing the news that he won the first prize, he burst into loud, surprised laughter.

2. Hearing the news that he won the first prize, he burst into loud, surprising laughter. 【点拨】用来修饰人的-ed分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物上，如句1中surprised laughter表示“惊讶地大笑”。-ing形式的形容词具有主动意义，表示“使人……的；令人……的”，如句2中surprising laughter表示“使人惊奇的笑声”。由此可见，我们不可以说：-ed形式的形容词指人，-ing形式的形容词指物，而应该从词义上对它们进行区分。

【即学即练】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Prices of daily goods _____（buy）online are lower than store prices.

2. The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold _____ (boil) water.

3. From your _____ (disappoint) voice, I have to say that is a piece of _____ (disappoint) news.

4. A letter _____ (post) yesterday will probably reach her tomorrow.

5. The _____ (lose) boy was last seen playing near the East Lake.

6. Suddenly there appeared a young girl _____ (dress) in white.

Key：1. buying 2. boiled 3. disappointed, disappointed

4. posted

5. lost

6. dressing