物称与人称 英语翻译

• e. “把”…; “让”… structures • His illness left him sensitive. 疾病让他变得很敏感。 • The book defies easy classification. 很难把这本书归入哪个类型中。 • The noise frightened all of us. 那个声音把我们大家吓坏了。
• c. change impersonal subject to adverbial Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 经过调查，我们得出上述结论。 The forty years, 1840—80, brought almost ten million migrants to America. 从1840 至1880年这四十年中，近一千万移民移 居美国。 Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride. 东方欲晓的时候，他已走了一大段路了，这次 骑马旅行很愉快，没有碰到意外事件。
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• c. preparatory “it” Suddenly, it didn’t matter that Stevie was a musical genius or that he had conquered blindness and poverty. 突然，史蒂威是音乐天才也好，他战胜了 失明和贫穷也好，都变得不重要了。 However, it is generally accepted among psychologists that most of us fail to do justice to ourselves. 然而，心理学家普遍认为， 我们大多数人 并没有发挥自己的潜力。
• f. use Chinese personification • Illness deprived him of life. 疾病夺走了他的生命。 • Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot. 良好的教养能打开最佳学历打不开的门。 • Words pay no debts. 空话还不了债。
• 2. from Chinese to English • a. use “it” as subject • 当时他和别人相处很困难。 It was hard for him to get along with others. • 他们看起来是很要好的朋友。 It seems that they are very close friends. b. use passive voice 中国到处打乒乓球。 Table tennis is played all over China. 必须保证八小时睡眠。 Eight hours’ sleep must be guaranteed.
• Westerners look at the world in a objective and rational perspective. Emphasis is placed on the influence the outside world has on man. That’s why impersonal subject is frequently used in English. e.g.
• d. translate the figurative meaning of the verb • The courage escaped me at the moment. 那一刻我突然失去了勇气。 • Words failed me. 我说不出话来。 • A smile warmed her face. 她的脸上洋溢着微笑。
• 3. passive sentences 发现了错误，一定要改正。
Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.
看树看果实，看人看作为。
A tree is known by its fruit, and a man by his actions.
• 你怎么了？ • What has happened to you?
• As Chinese advocate the unity of man and nature and look at the world in a personal and subjective perspective, importance is attached to the influence that man exerts on things and himself. So personal subject is largely preferred in Chinese. e.g. 他们欣喜若狂。 A great elation overcame them. 不同的人对食物持不同态度。 Attitudes toward food vary from person to person.
• b. change to Chinese compound sentences The bitter weather had driven everyone indoors. 由于天气寒冷刺骨，人人都躲进了室内。 The sight of the girl always reminds me of her parents. 我一看见这个女孩，就想起她的父母。 This medicine will make you feel better. 吃了药，你会舒服一些。
• 2. “It” structure a. unspeicified “it” It is five kilometers from the office to my home. It often rains in summer. b. emphatic “it” It is in the hour of trial that a man finds his true profession.
• d. use the word which expresses time, places or natural phenomena as subject • 1949年中华人民共和国成立了。 The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China. • 南京发生过许多重大历史事件。 Nanjing witnessed many great historic events. • 暮色匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影。 The gathering dark often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd.
Ways to translate from one language to another
• 1. from English to Chinese a. change impersonal subject to personal subject Anger choked his words. 他气得说不出话来。 Her eyes tell me that something must have happened. 我从她的眼中看出一定有什么事情发生了 。
• e. use the noun or gerund which expresses conditions, causes, manners as subject
• 由于计划不周，他不仅浪费了时间，而且 浪费了所有的钱。 Poor planning wasted all his money as well as his time. • 抄近路的话，要五个小时才能到达那里。 The shortest cut would take us five hours to get there.
Cases in which impersonal subject is used
• 1. inanimate S. + animate V. 五四运动以来，开始了“新红学”时代，代表 人物有胡适、俞平伯等这样一些学者。 The May Fourth Movement of 1919 saw the beginning of the “New Redology”, represented by scholars such as Hushi and Yu Pingbai. 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood.
• c. “ there be”
• 他今天的举止有些反常。 There is something strange about his behavior today. • 这个事不像看上去的那样简单。 There is more to the incident than it seems to be.
• 我昨天收到了你的来信。 Your letter reached me yesterday. • 他一个星期没刮胡子，我们差点认不出他 了。 A week’s growth of beard made him look almost a stranger to us. • 我们开始认识了真理。 The truth dawned on us. • 他吓得呆若木鸡。 Fear rooted him to the ground.
必须调整高等院校的专业设置，改进教学方法。
Specialties in colleges and universities should be adjusted and teaching methods improved.
• 4. “there be” • 失败的原因有三。 There are three reasons for the failure. • 我会离家去读大学，对此我从未有疑问。 There was never any question in my mind that I would go to a college away from home. 人们越来越意识到，污染给我们赖以生存的 环境带来了极大的破坏。 There is a growing realization that pollution has done considerable harm to the environment in which we live.
• 他在第二次世界大战中屡建奇功，晋升很快。 The Second World War brought him rapid battle promotion. 欧格尔维走进来时，带来一缕雪茄烟雾。 A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in. 凭良心说，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness.
• f. use the noun which expresses a physical or mental state as subject • 这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人，自己却饱受 辛酸。 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. • 他感到震惊、心情忧郁，甚至惊恐不已。 Astonishment, depression and even horror oppressed him.
• 那天晚上他没有睡好。 • 这位高贵的人很少发脾气。 • 愤怒的人群发出了抗议声。
• That night sleep eluded him. • Rarely did his sense of humor desert the noble man. • Shouts of protest sprang up from the angry crowd.