科技英语语法考题

科技英语语法考题考试时间：120分钟系班:________________学号:________________ 姓名: _____________ 得分: ___________I、英译汉（每题 3分）1. One-time write of the desired data into an erased（插干净了的）PROM is all thatis required to store information quickly and permanently.2. Of the variety of aberrations（像差）the image（像）formed by a single lensis subject to, perhaps the most familiar is the presence of fringes（不重合）of color around whatever is being viewed.3. Since transformers（变压器）are large, heavy, and expensive, their eliminationfrom the circuit（电路）results in considerable savings.4. Every element（元素）exhibits（显示）a unique line spectrum（线谱）when a sampleof it is suitably excited（激励），and its presence in a substance of unknown composition （构成）can be ascertained（确定）by the appearance of its characteristic wavelengths（特征波长）in the spectrum of the substance.5. The solution（溶液）of water and other materials in which the tissues（人体组织）are bathed is slightly salty, an interesting reminder（暗示）of the first living cells（细胞）which originated in the sea.6. The ability of the modern computer to perform rapid calculations on large,complex problems has resulted in the recent development of computational techniques not considered in the past.7. Attractive as these theories and explanations are, there is no direct evidencethat the child has a special language learning capacity which is totally absent in the adult.8. The second aspect（方面）to determine our progress is the application by allmembers of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.9. The two answers, of course, are identical（相同的）, but how much more simplythe energy principle（能量原理）leads to the final results!10. Stereophonic（立体的）sound, or “stereo,” as it is usually called, refersto a system of recording or sound transmission using multiple microphones（话筒）and loudspeakers（扬声器）.11. Broadly speaking, computer security is keeping anyone from doing things youdo not want them to do to, with, on or from your computers or any peripheral （外部的）devices.12. Not as familiar is the fact that any substance whatever will be influenced bythe magnetic field, although to an extent which is extremely small compared witha substance like iron.13. Each element (元素) when vaporized (汽化) has its own set of frequencies itis able to emit or absorb, in a pattern as characteristic of that element asa set of fingerprints is of an individual human.14. In any one example, h will either be always odd (奇数的) or always even (偶数的), which is all that matters, so that ( - 1)h will always be uniquely (唯一地) determined.15. Symbols used in assembly（汇编）language programs are made up of letters anddigits（数字）, with the first character（字符）of the symbol a letter. 16. If we were to place a mass (质量) in the gravitational field (重力场), it wouldexperience a force along whatever line of force it was on, with a magnitude (大小) dependent on how close together the lines of force were in its vicinity (附近).17. While later chapters describe rules and exceptions in a detail-oriented andsometimes mathematical manner, this chapter strives for clarity（清晰）and brevity（简要）at the expense of completeness.18. Created by the . Department of Defense in 1969, the Internet was built to servetwo purposes.19. They had proved that all the known planets traveled in ellipses（椭圆）ratherthan in circles（圆）as everyone thought.20. The tube floats vertically（垂直地）in water, heavy end down.II、汉译英（每题 4分）1、这个功等于该物体（object）的重量乘（multiply）以物体被提起的距离。

2、物体越热，其辐射（radiate）的能量越多，这一现象是大家所熟悉的。

3、当时最重要的成就之一是（人们）认识到了光是一种电磁波（electromagnetic wave）。

4、必须求出使x为多大才能使该级数（series）收敛 (converge, vi.)。

5、计算机是科学家们解题的理想工具。

（要求用简单句表示）6、这个元件（component）上的电压(voltage)为零点零几伏(volt)。

7、这种新方法就是人们所说的“代入法”（substitution technique）。

8、为使这个式子(equation)成立，x必须小于1。

9、我们到底如何定义f(x)是没有关系的。

10、电流（current）在电路 (circuit) 中流动的容易程度（ease）取决于电阻的数值。

1、为了迅速而永久地储存信息，只需要把所要的数据一次性地写入擦干净了的PROM之中。

（“all that is required to store …”要译成“为了储存……只需要”）2、在由单个透镜形成的成像所经受的各种像差之中，也许大家最熟悉的是在观看的成像周围存在颜色不重合（现象）。

（“the image formed by a single lens is subject to”为定语从句修饰“aberrations”；“whatever is being viewed = anything that is being viewed”）3、由于变压器体积大、重量重、价格昂贵，所以把它们从电路中去掉会节省很多费用。

（“their elimination”为“动宾关系”）4、每种元素当其样品被适当激励时会显示出一种独特的线谱来，而它在某一未知构成的物质中的存在可以通过它的特征波长在该物质的线谱中的出现来得到确定。

（“its presence”为“主表关系”）5、人体组织所处的、含有水和其它物质的溶液是略带咸味的，这有趣地表明了原始的生物细胞是起源于大海[海洋]的。

（“an interesting reminder …”是名词短语作其前面句子的同位语）6、现代计算机对大型复杂题能进行迅速计算的能力，促使近来开发出了在过去未曾考虑过的计算方法。

（“of the modern computer to perform …”为一种特殊的动词不定式复合结构作“ability”的定语）7、虽然这些理论和解释很吸引人，但并没有直接的证据表明儿童具有成年人完全缺乏的一种特殊的语言学习能力。