第六章 修辞翻译

辞格的翻译——明喻Simile
(1) 直译
• • • • • • • •
as cold as ice as hot as fire as hard as rock as light as feather as busy as a bee as bold as a lion as cheerful as a lark as blind as a bat
(3) 意译
• • • •
as cool as a cucumber as sharp as a needle as tight as a drum as sure as a gun
•非常冷静 •十分精明 •手非常紧，不肯花钱 •毫无疑问 的的确确
辞格的翻译——暗喻Metaphor
一般采取直译的方法 • Jane’s uncle is an old fox， up to all kinds of evils. • After that long talk，Jim became the sun in her heart. •简的叔叔是个老狐狸， 什么坏事都干得出来。 •那次长谈之后，吉姆 成了她心中的太阳。
辞格的翻译——拟人 Personification
• • • • 直译 Misfortunes never come single. 祸不单行。 Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the stars. • 黎明悄悄来临,星星暗淡无光。
辞格的翻译——移就 Transferred epithet
• • • • • • • • • (1) 直译 The indefatigable bell now sounded for the fourth time. 那不知疲倦的钟声如今敲第四遍了。 (2) 位置还原 John threw a nervous glance at his brother. 约翰紧张地朝他兄弟瞥了一眼。 (3) 变换结构 After an unthinking moment, she put her pen into her mouth. 她想了一会儿,想不出什么来,就把钢笔含在口中。
辞格的翻译——双关 Pun
• • • • • 灵活处理 A: I can’t bear a fool. B: Your mother could. A: 我不能忍受一个傻瓜。 B：你母亲能。
• You will go nuts for the nuts you get in Nux. • 纳克斯坚果，让你欲罢不能的坚果。
2. 添加形象意译 • He greeted me with a benumbed look. 他欢迎我时，一脸呆若木鸡的表情。
3. 替换或取消形象（具体情况具体分析） • He has a butterfly in his stomach. A. 他肚子里有只蝴蝶。 B. 他怀里像揣着兔子一般。 • Ass in the lion’s skin. A. 披着狮子皮的驴 B. 狐假虎威 • He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat. A. 他说话时好像有青蛙在嗓子里。 B. 他说话声音很沙哑。
• 纸墨能割断人的喉管，嗓音能震动整个世 界。
• (2) 意译 • Great minds think alike.
• 英雄所见略同。 • Gray hair should be respected. • 老年人应受到尊敬。
辞格的翻译——夸张 Hyperbole
• (1) 直译 • He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop. • 他在林荫道上跑着,发出的声音就像十匹马在奔腾。 • (2)变通 • I lived a year in a minute. • 我度日如年。 • (3)意译 • I’ve been dying to meet you. • 我非常非常想见到你。
辞格的翻译——委婉 Euphemism
• His daughter is rather weak in the head.
• 他的女儿脑子不太好使。 • That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. • 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。 • Social diseases are now on the increase in the whole world. • 现在全世界性病在不断增多。
Exercise：
• Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless. 过去几周，她越来越六神无主。 • He was determined to satisfy himself of the real state of the case. 他决心把事情弄个水落石出。 • He sleeps like a log and works like a beaver. 他睡觉睡得酣，干活干得欢。 • I feel as if I were a square peg in a round hole when talking about music. 谈起音乐，我很外行，感到很尴尬。
小结
• 尽量保持原文修辞风格，形神兼备 • 必要时去“形”保“神”
Exercise:
• I never anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history. 我万万没有料到我的案子会越弄越大,成为美国历史 上最出名的审判之一。 • I’d give world to see you. 我十分想见你。 • His joke set the whole table in a roar. 他的笑话引起哄堂大笑。 • When commemorating the great soul, the friends of his went to the graveyard with weeping eyes and hearts. 为了纪念这位伟大的人物，他的朋友怀着沉重的心 情，哭泣着来到墓地。
Exercise：
• Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。 • Every day the old lady had sent one of those letters to herself in order to relive the love they had experienced. 每天老太太把一封信寄给她自己来重温他们 当年的爱。
•冰冷 •火热 •坚如磐石 •轻如鸿毛 •像蜜蜂一样忙碌 •像狮子一样勇猛 •像云雀一样快活 •像蝙蝠一样瞎
(2) 替换形象 • as hard as nails •铁石心肠的 •骨瘦如柴的 •一贫如洗 •胆小如鼠
• as thin as a lath
• as poor as a church mouse • as timid as a rabbit
Check & Practice
What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. (Metonymy) Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong, but little sense of right and left. (Pun) Thanks a million. (Hyperbole) It is better to have a patched jacket than to have a patched character. (Zeugma)
辞格的翻译——轭式 Zeugma
• (1)直译 • As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly. • 早餐之后我离开家的时候，我的里里外外 都在颤抖。 • (2)变通 • Yesterday he had a blue coat and heart. • 昨天他身着蓝色上衣，心情忧郁。
形象的处理
1. 移植形象直译 • At present, the super powers are armed to the teeth with nuclear weapons, placing the people of the whole world under their nuclear threat. A. 武装到牙齿 B. 全副武装
暗喻 Metaphor
双关 Pun
轭式 Zeugma 移就 Transferred epithet
借代 Metonymy
委婉 Euphemism
Check & Practice
The young moon lies on her back tonight. (Personification) I wandered lonely as a cloud. (Simile) Life is a rose bush growing in my garden, full of thorny, but fragrant and lovely. (Metaphor) After a happy day，she had a sleepless night. (Transferred epithet) John’s wife is a sanitation engineer. (Euphemism)
语气的处理
• Snobs talk as if they had begotten their own ancestors. A. 大言不惭，简直把祖宗也说成了Biblioteka Baidu己的后 代。 B. 势利鬼大言不惭，似乎把他们的先人也能 说成是自己的后代。
• “Well, it’s my duty to help them out of it.” “It’s your duty to invite all the rats in the world to gnaw at your bones.” (D. H. Lawrence: Women in Love) A. “嘿——我有责任去帮助他们解脱困难。” “你还有责任去叫全世界的老鼠来啃你的骨头哩。 ” B. “唉——我该帮帮他们来解脱困难。” “你该把全世界的老鼠都叫来啃你的骨头才对！”
第六章 修辞翻译 Translation of Rhetoric
天冷了，大树发抖了，小草打 冷颤了，老牛烧炭取暖了，小 白兔穿羽绒服了，蚂蚁买暖水 袋了。你还不多穿件衣服？要 问我是谁？当然是这世上最关 心你的人！
英语常用修辞格 Figure of Speech
明喻 Simile 夸张 Hyperbole 拟人 Personification
Can you guess?
mental healthy center to powder one’s nose bubble dancer domestic engineer meat technologist love child correctional center
辞格的翻译——借代 Metonymy
• (1)直译 • His wife spent all her life on the stage.
• 他的妻子在舞台上度过了一生。 • Paper and ink cut the throats of men，and the sound of a breath may shake the world.