5修辞与翻译(1)

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

• 他浑身上下毫无缺点,连肚脐眼都没有!
• He doesn’t have a single defect in his whole body. Why, he doesn’t even have a belly-button!
反语译例 2
• If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, don’t listen… They are probably trying to trick you into living longer. • 如果有人苦口婆心劝你戒烟,不要理他们—— 他 们是想骗你活得长久些! • --- It is raining cats and dogs! • --- Lovely weather, isn’t it?(太好了!)
夸张译例
• 夸张一般直译,对夸张的内容不需改变,也不能
改变,但涉及语言习惯时,可略作调整。
• Thanks a million.
• 万分感谢。
• I have told you fifty times.
• 我告诉过你好多次了。
反语 irony
• 定义 • 译例
反语定义
• Irony: the use of words to express
• 不要问国家能够为你做什么,问问你能够为国家 做什么。
译例 2:变通
• It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land. (Ray Bradbury, The Vacation) • 绿草萋萋,白云冉冉,彩蝶翩翩,这日子是如此 清新可爱。蜜蜂无言,春花不语,海波声咽,大 地音沉,这日子是如此安静。
转喻:英汉对比
• 投笔从戎 • throw away the pen and take up the sword in defense of the country • Pen is mightier than sword. • 笔威于剑。 • His wife spent all her life on the stage. (theatrical profession) • 他的妻子在舞台上渡过了一生。(戏剧工作,表 演艺术)
反复 repetition
• 定义 • 译例
反复定义
• 反复:通过重复同一单词、词组或语句使人加深 印象,重复部分往往含有强烈的情感或优美的节 奏。
译例 1:直译
• It is no use doing what you like; you have to like what you do.(Winston Churchill) • 做你喜欢的不重要,重要的是喜欢你所做的。 • Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (J· F· Kennedy )
直译法 • Joe, a clumsy and timid horseman, didn’t look to advantage in the saddle, “Look at him, Amelia my dear, driving into the parlor window. Such a bull in a china shop I never saw”. • 乔胆子小,骑术又拙,骑在鞍子上老不像样。 “埃米丽亚,亲爱的,快看,他骑到人家客厅的 窗子那儿去了,我一辈子也没见过这样的,真是 大公牛闯到瓷器店了”。(杨必《名利场》)
转喻 metonymy;借代synecdoche
• 转喻定义 • 英汉对比
• 翻译方法
转喻定义
• Metonymy: a figure of speech in which the name of an attribute or a thing is substituted for the thing itself as in the use of Washington for US government. • 转喻:也叫借代。不直接把所要说的事物名称说 出来,而用跟它有关系的另一种事物的名称代替 它。例如用华盛顿来指代美国政府。
• 蠢的象猪
• 胆小如鼠
• 公鸭嗓
• 勇如猛虎
• 噤若寒蝉;守口如瓶 • 骄傲得像公鸡 • 体健如牛 • 牛饮
• as proud as a peacock
• as strong as a horse
• drink like a fish
无对应
• as poor as a church mouse • as cool as a cucumber • as tight as a drum • as sharp as a
• He drove as if possessed by the devil.
• 他着魔似地驾车狂奔。
明喻的文化内涵 2

个性(peculiarities)
1. 喻意相同,喻体相同或略异
2. 喻意相同,喻体相异 3. 无对应
喻意相同,喻体相同或略异
• know sth./ sb. like the palm of one’s hand • as light as a feather • as cold as ice • as busy as a bee • as cheerful as a lark
• 暗喻:又称隐喻。把要说明的事物比喻成另外一
种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物,从而更形象、更
深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力和感染力。
暗喻的构成
• 1)组成 • After the long talk, he became the sun in her heart. 这次长谈之后,他成了她心中的太阳。 (英汉的暗喻都不露比喻的痕迹,直接把甲说成 了乙,正是在这一点上有别于前面所讲的明喻。) • 2)比喻词 • 英语:be, become, turn into • 汉语:是,成了,成为,当作等
• 了如指掌 • 轻如鸿毛
• 冰冷
• 像蜜蜂一样忙碌
• 像云雀一样快活
喻意相同,喻体相异
• as stupid as a goose
• as timid as a rabbit • as hoarse as a crow • as bold as a lion • as mute as a fish
第五章:修辞与翻译(1)
修辞与翻译(一)
• • • • • • 明喻 暗喻(隐喻) 转喻(借代) 夸张 反语 反复
• • • • • 排比 拈连 头韵 尾韵 递升;递降
明喻 simile
• 明喻的定义 • 明喻的构成
• 明喻的文化内涵
明喻的定义
• Simile: a figure of speech in which one
夸张 hyperbole
• 定义 • 译例
夸张定义
• Hyperbole: a figure of speech which contains an exaggeration for emphasis. • 夸张:指凭借丰富的想象,用铺饰张大的语言, 对事物的某些方面进行夸大或缩小,进行艺术渲 染。
排比译例 1 • • I came, I saw, I conquered. 我只身前往,我明察秋毫,我旗开得胜。
something different from and often opposite
to their literal meaning.
• 反语:使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意,
明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意思,从而使本意更加突出。
反语译例 1 • It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in his pocket. • 在异国他乡,身无分文,那才叫“绝”呢!
转喻:翻译方法
• 汉语和英语里的转喻内容丰富,有借人或事物的 特征或标志来指人或事物;有借与人或事物有关 的工具或材料代指人或事物;有借与人或事物有 关的所属或所在代指人或事物。一般而言,可以 对这种辞格采用直译,但有时因为两种语言的不 同表达习惯,需要采用意译。
转喻译例 • Only a knife can save the patient’s life now. • 要拯救病人只能动手术。 • Paper and ink cut the throats of men, and the sound of a breath may shake the world. • 纸墨能割断人的喉管,嗓音能震动整个世界。(写 几个字,说几句话) • Gray hair should be respected.(graying China/ aging China) • 老人应该受到尊重。
替换法
• put all the cards on the table • 打开天窗说亮话 • go for wool and come back shorn • 偷鸡不成蚀把米
意译法
• By the winter of 1942 their resistance to the Nazi terror had become shadow. • 到了1942年冬季,他们对于纳粹恐怖活动的抵制 已经名存实亡。
• 2)比喻词
• 英语:as…as…, like, as, as if/though • 汉语:像,好像,如,犹如,若,宛若,宛如, 仿佛,如同,跟……一般
明喻的文化内涵 1
• 共性(universals) • 她的脸色苍白而带光泽,仿佛大理石似的;一双 眼睛又黑又大,在黯淡的囚房中,宝石似的闪着 晶莹的光。 • Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble, and her large, black eyes sparkled like jewels in that murky cell.
• 一贫如洗 • 非常镇静 • 非常不肯花钱 • 十分精明
needle
• as sure as a gun
• 一点不错;千真万确
暗喻 metaphor
• 暗喻的定义 • 英汉对应
暗喻的定义 • Metaphor: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.
排比 parallelism/parataxis
• 定义 • 译例
排比定义
• Parallelism: the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses. • 排比:指用结构相似、语气一致、关系并列的一 组语句,接连表达几个相关意思的一种修辞方式。
பைடு நூலகம்
英汉对应
• 完全对应
• Our blood boils.我们热血沸腾。
• 部分对应
• draw water in a sieve 竹篮打水
• 无对应 • be tied to sb’s apron-strings 受人控制
比喻的翻译
• 保留原语形象(直译) • 转换原语形象(替换)
• 舍弃原语形象(意译)
thing is likened to another, in such a way
as to enhance an image.
• 明喻:把甲事物比作乙事物,两者既不同类,又
不同质,只是在某一点上有相似之处。
明喻的构成
• 1)组成 • I wandered alone as a cloud. (“I” 是 Object/tenor本体, “lonely” 是sense喻意, “a cloud” 是image/vehicle喻体)
相关文档
最新文档