张道真实用英语语法Chapter 4 Articles
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Chapter Four Articles
Warming-up
Filling in the blanks with the appropriate articles if necessary
an an _______angry voice ________ open secret a _______ Xmas present ________ X-ray check an The X _______ diary also recorded ______ details of ______ natural calamities and _______effects X the they had on _______ agricultural production over X _______years. the
Usage of Articles
c. Added with some certain nouns to show the whole group, class, family, etc. e.g. The Chinese people are industrious and brave. d. Added with some adjectives to show some certain persons or characteristics e.g. In a week or two I’ll be among the unemployed. e. Added before the nouns showing uniqueness e.g. The Milky Way is a bright band of stars.
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
A. Before proper nouns
b. Without “the” ① Most of the streets e.g. Fleet Street, Park Lane, Marston Road, Riverside Avenue ② Most of the squares e.g. Russel Square, Times Square, Berkeley Square ③ Bus stations, airports, parks and bridges e.g. Central Station, Kennedy Airport, Central Park ④ Universities e.g. Harvard University, Oxford University, Chongqing University
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
B. Before abstract nouns
a. Usually no articles e.g. While there is life there is hope. I wish you joy. b. With “the” in specific use (limiting attributes) e.g. Her children were the joy of her life. The younger generation is the hope of the nation. c. Can be added with indefinite articles in some circumstances (P.76)
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
A. Before proper nouns
b. Without “the”
⑤ Festivals e.g. National Day, May Day, Thanksgiving Day, Easter ⑥ Most magazines e.g. Time, New Scientist, English Language Teaching, Reader’s Digest C. Generally speaking, there is no articles before person’s names, but can be added in some cases. e.g. A Mrs. Green is waiting to see you. The Smith you are looking for no longer lives here.
b. When the individual nouns is abstracted e.g. He has to get ready for college.
The omission of articles
A. Zero articles
c. No articles before seasons, months and dates e.g. Spring was at hand. d. No articles before such nouns as daybreak, dusk, dawn, noon, midnight, sunset, sunrise e.g. At daybreak we started on our journey. e. No articles before vocative, family members and relatives e.g. Be quiet, Children! f. No articles before compound nouns e.g. Mother and child are doing fine.
Usage of Articles
A. The use of indefinite articles a. one e.g. Rome was not built in a day. b. a certain e.g. A car is waiting at the gate. c. a certain kind or group e.g. She is a Canadian (dancer).
Introduction
B. Classification
The Definite Article — the The Indefinite Article — a / an
Introduction
C. The basic meaning of articles a. a / an
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
C. Before material nouns
a. Usually without articles e.g. Would like tea or coffee? They were digging for gold. b. Added with “the” in specific use e.g. How do you like the tea? Someone has fallen into the water! c. Sometimes with indefinite articles e.g. A heavy snow was falling. It was a wonderful tea. I want a strawberry ice-cream.
e.g. Who is the young man over there? The books are on the table.
Introduction
D. Specific use and Generic use
a. Specific use
e.g. Is the seat taken?
Can you lend me the book?
Introduction
A. Definition An article is a member of a small class of determiners that identify a noun's definite or indefinite reference, and new or given status.
Usage of Articles
B. The use of definite articles
a. Added before singular or plural form of individual nouns to show certain person or thing e.g. Where is (are) the other girl(s)? b. Added with a singular noun to show one kind e.g. The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.
The omission of articles
A. Zero articles
a. When a noun is used as the predicative or appositive to indicate a leading position, articles are usually omitted. e.g. In 1993 Bill Clinton became (the) President of the United States. He succeeded his father as president of the company.
b. Generic use
① Indefinite articles added before the countable noun e.g. It was a lovely garden.
Introduction
b. Generic use
② “some, any ” added before the plural nouns e.g. She sent me some flowers. ③ Nothing before the uncountable nouns, sometimes adding “some, any” e.g. It’s pure silk.
The omission of articles
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
A. Before proper nouns
a. With “the” ① Geographic nouns e.g. the Red Sea, the Rocky Mountains, the English Channel, the Netherlands ② Some country’s name, organization, magazine, buildings e.g. the People’s Republic of China, the Security Council, the National Gallery, the Phoenix (theatre), the New York Times, the Labor Monthly, the Times, the Daily News
similar to “one”, usu. Added before countable noun
e.g. She is a nurse. She works in a hospital.
Biblioteka Baidu
b. the
similar to “this / that”, indicating the specific one, sometimes can be translated as “these” or “those”.
Warming-up
Filling in the blanks with the appropriate articles if necessary
an an _______angry voice ________ open secret a _______ Xmas present ________ X-ray check an The X _______ diary also recorded ______ details of ______ natural calamities and _______effects X the they had on _______ agricultural production over X _______years. the
Usage of Articles
c. Added with some certain nouns to show the whole group, class, family, etc. e.g. The Chinese people are industrious and brave. d. Added with some adjectives to show some certain persons or characteristics e.g. In a week or two I’ll be among the unemployed. e. Added before the nouns showing uniqueness e.g. The Milky Way is a bright band of stars.
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
A. Before proper nouns
b. Without “the” ① Most of the streets e.g. Fleet Street, Park Lane, Marston Road, Riverside Avenue ② Most of the squares e.g. Russel Square, Times Square, Berkeley Square ③ Bus stations, airports, parks and bridges e.g. Central Station, Kennedy Airport, Central Park ④ Universities e.g. Harvard University, Oxford University, Chongqing University
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
B. Before abstract nouns
a. Usually no articles e.g. While there is life there is hope. I wish you joy. b. With “the” in specific use (limiting attributes) e.g. Her children were the joy of her life. The younger generation is the hope of the nation. c. Can be added with indefinite articles in some circumstances (P.76)
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
A. Before proper nouns
b. Without “the”
⑤ Festivals e.g. National Day, May Day, Thanksgiving Day, Easter ⑥ Most magazines e.g. Time, New Scientist, English Language Teaching, Reader’s Digest C. Generally speaking, there is no articles before person’s names, but can be added in some cases. e.g. A Mrs. Green is waiting to see you. The Smith you are looking for no longer lives here.
b. When the individual nouns is abstracted e.g. He has to get ready for college.
The omission of articles
A. Zero articles
c. No articles before seasons, months and dates e.g. Spring was at hand. d. No articles before such nouns as daybreak, dusk, dawn, noon, midnight, sunset, sunrise e.g. At daybreak we started on our journey. e. No articles before vocative, family members and relatives e.g. Be quiet, Children! f. No articles before compound nouns e.g. Mother and child are doing fine.
Usage of Articles
A. The use of indefinite articles a. one e.g. Rome was not built in a day. b. a certain e.g. A car is waiting at the gate. c. a certain kind or group e.g. She is a Canadian (dancer).
Introduction
B. Classification
The Definite Article — the The Indefinite Article — a / an
Introduction
C. The basic meaning of articles a. a / an
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
C. Before material nouns
a. Usually without articles e.g. Would like tea or coffee? They were digging for gold. b. Added with “the” in specific use e.g. How do you like the tea? Someone has fallen into the water! c. Sometimes with indefinite articles e.g. A heavy snow was falling. It was a wonderful tea. I want a strawberry ice-cream.
e.g. Who is the young man over there? The books are on the table.
Introduction
D. Specific use and Generic use
a. Specific use
e.g. Is the seat taken?
Can you lend me the book?
Introduction
A. Definition An article is a member of a small class of determiners that identify a noun's definite or indefinite reference, and new or given status.
Usage of Articles
B. The use of definite articles
a. Added before singular or plural form of individual nouns to show certain person or thing e.g. Where is (are) the other girl(s)? b. Added with a singular noun to show one kind e.g. The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.
The omission of articles
A. Zero articles
a. When a noun is used as the predicative or appositive to indicate a leading position, articles are usually omitted. e.g. In 1993 Bill Clinton became (the) President of the United States. He succeeded his father as president of the company.
b. Generic use
① Indefinite articles added before the countable noun e.g. It was a lovely garden.
Introduction
b. Generic use
② “some, any ” added before the plural nouns e.g. She sent me some flowers. ③ Nothing before the uncountable nouns, sometimes adding “some, any” e.g. It’s pure silk.
The omission of articles
The Usage of Articles before Various Kinds of Nouns
A. Before proper nouns
a. With “the” ① Geographic nouns e.g. the Red Sea, the Rocky Mountains, the English Channel, the Netherlands ② Some country’s name, organization, magazine, buildings e.g. the People’s Republic of China, the Security Council, the National Gallery, the Phoenix (theatre), the New York Times, the Labor Monthly, the Times, the Daily News
similar to “one”, usu. Added before countable noun
e.g. She is a nurse. She works in a hospital.
Biblioteka Baidu
b. the
similar to “this / that”, indicating the specific one, sometimes can be translated as “these” or “those”.