研究生学术英语翻译5

Definition

定义

An academic essay,also called a research article,differs from an ordinary essay in that it consists of the review of previous studies on a particular topic and one’s own research.In most cases it is a kind of documented report from the writer’s first-hand acquisition,synthesis and interpretation of information,data and findings.A typical academic essay includes five parts,namely,abstract,introduction,body,conclusion and reference.

一个学术论文，也被称为一个研究文章，不同于普通的文章，它由一个特定主题的对前人研究的回顾和自己的研究组成。在大多数情况下，它是一个信息综合、数据和结果都由作家第一手采集和解释的书面报告。一个典型的学术论文包括五个部分，即，摘要，介绍，主体，结论和参考文献。

Two types of research paper

两种类型的研究论文

There are two major kinds of academic paper:primary research paper and secondary research paper.A primary research paper is the study of a subject through firsthand investigation,involving presenting original ideas and information on your own.In most cases you need to conduct a survey or an experiment original ideas to obtain new findings.Hence it is sometimes called “survey-or-experiment-based research”.A secondary research paper,however,involves gathering and analyzing the research findings from other people’s research.To illustrate your argument,you need to borrow and use evidence and findings available on the topic in the library or on the Internet.Hence it is sometimes called”library-or-Internet-based research”.

学术论文主要有两大类：初次研究和二次研究。初次研究是通过实地调查研究对象的一门学科，需要提出您自己的独到的见解和信息。在大多数情况下，你需要做一个调查或有创意的实验获得新的发现。因此，初次研究有时也叫“调查或实验研究”。二次研究的论文，但是，包括从其他人的研究中收集和分析研究结果。为了说明你的论点，你需要在图书馆或在互联网上发现相关主题的可借鉴和使用的证据。因此，二次研究有时被称为“图书馆或互联网基础研究”。

Writing an introduction

写一个介绍

The introduction section is the start of a research article and its main purpose is to give a clear picture of what the article is about and what the attitude of the author is.An introduction usually includes the following elements:

引言部分是一篇研究论文的开始，其主要目的是对文章的内容和作者的态度作一个清晰的概述，介绍通常包括以下几个方面：

1)Introduce the topic or problem with which the research essay is concerned.

2)Give a clear definition of the topic and of the related key terms.

3)Provide the relevant background information/context of the topic.

4)Review the previous related studies and point out their limitation if necessary.

5)State the theoretical perspectives the essay might use.

6)Introduce the theoretical perspectives the essay might use.

7)Justify your choice of the topic or give the reasons for your research.

8)Explain how the essay will be organized(the outline of the essay).

1）介绍研究论文所关注的有关话题或问题。

2）给出了一个主题和相关的关键术语的明确的定义。

3）提供相关的背景信息/话题背景。

4）回顾以前的相关研究，如果必要的话，并指出其局限性。

5）介绍了本文可能使用的理论观点。

6）介绍了本文可能使用的理论观点。

7）说明你的主题的选择或你的研究的原因。

8）解释文章将如何组织（论文的提纲）。

Of course not all research papers must contain all these elements.A primary research essay,for example,differs from a secondary research one in that the literature review of the latter should be general as you will give more details in the body section where previous findings will be used to support your arguments.

However,the introduction section usually goes from the general to the specific.It starts with the information of the topic in the broad context and then narrows down to the information more specifically related to the length of the paper and requirements of different journals(or