2014年大学实用翻译课件第五次

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B、 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只 是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈 述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分 开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如： 10.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very
由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。 （译成原因状从） 18. She insisted on buying another pair of roller skates, which she had no use of.
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19. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.
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III、溶合译法 溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起 译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于限制性定 语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制性定语从句似 乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出的 “there be” 句型 就是这样处理的。 15. There are many people who want to select this major. 许多人要选这个专业。 16. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
据我所知， 英语里并没有这个单词。
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• II. 状语从句译在主句之前 • 3. She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business. • 除非她有急事，她一定回来的。 • 4. Please turn off the light when you leave the dormitory. • 离开宿舍，请关上电灯。 • 5. I will never give in, no matter what happens. • 不管怎么样，我永远也不会屈服。 • 6. You should not get off until the bus stops. • 车未停稳之前，你不要下车。
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10. If you can come, I’ll be only too glad.
你要能来，我就太高兴了。（条件状从译为原因状从） 11. She sang resonantly, if slightly nasally. 她唱歌声音洪亮，尽管鼻音略显重了些。（条件状从译为让步状从）
IV. 状语从句译成非状语从句
unfair.
他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
11. These books, which are only a small part of my
collection, I picked up in American.
这些书是我在美国买,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分。
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12. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。 13. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief. 他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬劳是他们历经
楼下有人要见你。
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IV. 译成状语
有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主 句有逻辑状语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、 让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译 成与汉语相对应的复句。
17. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.
compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a
difficult task.
本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。 7
8. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. 听着， 我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权 解决这个问题的。 9. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热、发光的 气体。
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II . 译成后置定语
A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性
的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取
这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有
时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代 词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。
7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing
is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate
translation of attribute clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as purpose, concession, result and so
这位女记者想写篇文章， 以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的 注意。（译成目的状语从句）
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2. 状语从句的翻译
I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句
1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。
2. As far as I know, there isn’t such a word in English.
罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。（译成结果状从）
20. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.
只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。（译成条件状从）
21. The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwreck.
on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is
different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-position attributBiblioteka Baiduve and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.
实用翻译 Practical Translation
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Lead in
1.You may do as you please. 2.When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time. 3.Where there is a will, there is a way. 4.There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower. 1. 你愿意怎么做都行。 （译成谓语） 2. 如果你背着空气袋，你就能长时间地呆在深水 中（时间状从译成条件状从） 3. 有志者事竟成。（地点状从译成 条件状从） 4.只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。 （译成条件状从）
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Lecture 5 句子翻译技巧
• • • • •
1.定语从句翻译 2. 状语从句翻译 3.名词性从句翻译 4.无主句翻译 5. 被动语态翻译
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1. 定语从句的译法
Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it
whoever sent them.
无论是谁送给他们的礼品,这些贪官都敢收下。（译为定语）
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3. 名词性从句的翻译 英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句和同位语从句。在翻译时，词序一般不变，但有 时也需采取一些其他处理方法。
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• I、译成前置定语 • 一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定 语。还有一些定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限 制性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语的关系紧密， 也可译成前置定语。 • 1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. • 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工 作的人提供就业机会。 • 2. This is the solider who just returned from the front. • 这是刚从前线回来的战士。
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III. 状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句
7. Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.
在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成功。（地点
状从译为时间状从）
8. Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution. 如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场 全国性的革命。（让步状从译为条件状从） 9. Why did you give up when you could make it? 既然你能成功，干嘛要放弃呢？（时间状从译为让步状从）
12. The boy shouted as he ran. 那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。（译成并列句）
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13. I was just going to explain, when the bell rang.
我正要解释，铃声响了。（译成并列句） 14. They asked her to stay where she was. 他们让她呆在原处。(译成宾语） 15. The greedy officials dared to accept any presents,
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• 当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句 ，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时 也可以译为前置定语。 • 5. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. • 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地 露面了。 • 6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. • 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的 哥哥。
千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的。
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14. I told the story to John, who brother.
(=and he) told it to his
我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句，一般 也使用指示代词来重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。