语言学

语言学

名词解释：

一．Meaning :

1.The referential theory : the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for .

2.Conceptualism : There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to . In the interpretation of meaning , they are linked through the mediation of concept in the mind .

3.Contextualism : Meaning should be studied in terms of situation , use , context --- elements closely linked with language behavior .

4.Behaviorism : The meaning of a linguistic form should be viewed as “the situation in which the speaker ulters it and the response which it calls forth in the hearer ”.

5.Meanings of meaning :

(1)Conceptual meaning : is the meaning given in the dictionary and it forms the core of the word meaning . The same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language .

(2)Connotative meaning : it refers to overtones which a words suggests or implies .

(3)Social meaning ( stylistic meaning ) : It’s the level of meaning that we rely on , when we identify certain social characteristics of speakers and situations from the words used the communication .

(4)Affective meaning (情感意义): It’s the level of meaning that conveys the language users feelings , attitudes , and points about a particular piece of information or about the on going context .

(5)Reflected meaning : It’s the level of meaning which conveys the unfavorable association or reflection .

(6)Collocative meaning (搭配意义)：It consists of the associations a word acquires in collocation or the part of the word meanings suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion .

(7)Thematic meaning (主位意义) ：It’s determined by the order of the words in the sentence and the different prominence they each receive . 二．Antonymy (反义)

1.Gradable antonymy : They are often intermediate forms between the two members of such a pair .

plementary antonymy : The denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other .

3.Converse antonymy : This is the special type of antonymy in that the members of a pair do not constitute a positive -negative opposition . They show the reversal of a relationship between 2 entities . 三．Superordinate (上义词)

A superordinate usually has several hyponyms (下义词). Under flower , there are peony , jasmine , tulip , violet and many others apart from rose . These members of the same class are co-hyponyms (并列下义词) .

四．Hyponymy (上下义关系)

It’s the sense of relation between a more general or more inclusive word and a more specific word . It’s the relationship where the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of another word . 五．Homonymy (同音异义)：

It refers to the words having different meanings ,have the same form . Different words are identical in sound or spelling or in both . 六．Componential analysis : (成分)

Componential analysis is a way to analyse lexical meaning . This approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be analysed into meaning components called semantic components or semantic features .

七．Predication (述谓构成) ：

Predication refers to the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence . A prediction consists of Argument and Predicate . An argument is a logical participant in a predication , largely identical with the nominal elements in a sentence . A predicate is something said about an argument , or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence .

八.Locutionary act (发话行为) :

an act of saying something that’s an act of making a meaningful utterance .

九．Illocutionary act (行事行为)：