高中笔记参考图片
高中历史必修课第五分册备课笔记15课 从“战时共产主义”到新经济政策
第15课从“战时共产主义”到新经济政策一、教学目标（一）知识与技能知道战时共产主义政策的背景、内容和作用；知道新经济政策的背景、内容和作用；知道苏联的成立理解将新经济政策取代“战时共产主义”的原因（二）过程与方法学会全面、客观、多角度分析历史事件的方法。
（三）情感态度价值观使学生认识苏联社会主义建设道路的曲折性、艰巨性和开创性，认真总结苏联社会主义建设的经验教训，既有历史意义又有现实意义。
二、重难点1、重点：理解将新经济政策取代“战时共产主义”的原因2、难点：认识苏联社会主义建设道路的曲折性、艰巨性和开创性三、教学过程导入：1、俄国二月革命的性质是什么？有何影响？2、十月革命的性质是什么？有何影响？第15课从“战时共产主义”到新经济政策一、国内战争与战时共产主义政策（1918年）1、战时共产主义政策实施的背景：国内战争的爆发（1）、苏俄与德国签订《布列斯特和约》，A、依据：《和平法令》的精神B、内容：退出“一战”（2）、国内战争（1918—1921年初）A、协约国集团武装干涉苏俄B、协约国支持苏俄国内反革命武装叛乱2、战时共产主义政策实施目的和方式（1）、目的：“一切为了前线，一切为了胜利”，巩固新生的苏维埃政权（2）、方式：按军事方式改组国民经济，实行战时经济体制3、战时共产主义政策的内容（1）、实行余粮征集制（2）、加速工业国有化（3）、推行劳动义务制（4）、实行实物配给制4、战时共产主义政策的作用（1）、实质：是苏俄在战争的特殊环境下所采取的一系列非常政策和临时措施（2）、历史功绩：使新生的苏维埃政权战胜困难，赢得了国内战争的胜利（3）、不足：脱离俄国当时实际，急切地用共产主义的原则去调整国家的生产和分配，违背了社会经济发展的规律。
二、新经济政策的推行（1921年）1、推行的背景：内战胜利后的形势依然严峻（1）、战争使工业生产受到严重破坏（2）、战时共产主义政策压抑了广大农民的生产积极性（3）、社会对政府的不满情绪蔓延，影响政治稳定2、推行的标志：1921年3月，俄共（布）十大的召开3、推行的内容（1）以粮食税代替余粮收集制（2）以租让制和租赁制活跃经济，发展生产（3）恢复商品货币关系，允许自由贸易（4）、实行以技术和效率为标准的报酬级差制4、推行的作用（1）、新经济政策是列宁和布尔什维克党在探索社会主义道路中的一个重要阶段，是建设社会主义经济体制的一次重要探索（2）、它从俄国的实际出发，以发展经济、巩固工农联盟为主要目标，通过利用市场经济机制和商品货币关系较快地恢复了国民经济，稳定了政治形势三、苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟成立1、条件（1）、俄罗斯帝国解体，境内大部分非俄民族地区独立，出现多个苏维埃政权（2）、苏俄与各苏维埃共和国结成的军事、政治联盟为形成新的联盟国家创造了条件2、时间、标志1922年12月，俄罗斯联邦、外高加索联邦、乌克兰和白俄罗斯4个加盟共和国联合组成“苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟”，简称苏联，此后，又有其他共和国陆续加入联盟。
高中物理笔记：必修一---第一章运动的描述
第一章运动的描述第一节：质点参考系（1、机械运动）（2、质点）（3、参考系）（4、坐标系）第二节：时间与位移（1、时刻与时间间隔）（2、位移）（3、标量与矢量）（专题、位移时间图像）第三节：位置变化快慢的描述--速度（1、位置与位置变化量）（2、速度）（3、四种速度的比较）（4、两个关于速度结论）（专题1、练习使用打点计时器）（专题2、求解速度的不同方法）第四节：速度变化快慢的描述--加速度（1、速度变化量）（2、速度变化率--加速度）（3、加速度对运动的影响）（专题1、速度时间图像）（专题2、纸带测加速度的方法）第一节质点参考系一、机械运动1、定义：物体的空间位置随时间的变化。
2、运动形式分类：平动、转动、振动。
3、说明：一个物体通常会参与几种形式的运动。
二、质点1、定义：忽略物体的大小和形状，突出“物体具有质量”这个要素，把它简化为一个有质量的物质点。
2、物体能否看作质点的条件：物体的大小、形状对所研究的问题是否能够忽略。
3、注意：①物体自身的体积、质量和运动速度与能否看作质点无关。
②即使是同一个物体，当研究问题不同时，有些情况可看作质点、有些情况不能看作质点。
③质点是不存在的，是一种理想化模型，它突出物体质量这一主要因素、忽略其它次要因素。
④有些情况大的物体能看作质点、小的物体反而不能看作质点，取决于所研究的问题。
⑤一般情况下，平动的物体可以看做质点，转动的物体不能看做质点。
三、参考系1、定义：在描述物体的运动时，被选定做参考、假定为不动的其他物体。
2、选取原则：①任意性：参考系的选取是任意的，任何物体都可以作为参考系（除去研究对象自身）。
②简便性：（描述行星运动时，太阳比地球更简便）。
③统一性：比较不同物体的运动应选择同一个参考系。
④差异性：选择不同的参考系观察同一个物体的运动，观察结果会有所不同。
⑤一般性：无特殊说明一般以地面为参考系。
3、分类：①惯性参考系（惯性系）②非惯性参考系4、注意：①描述运动时必须选取参考系才有意义。
高中物理必修一笔记
第一章运动的描述第一节质点参考系和坐标系机械运动：物体在空间中所处位置发生变化，这样的运动叫做机械运动。
运动的特性：普遍性，永恒性，多样性质点1.在研究物体运动的过程中，如果物体的大小和形状在所研究问题中可以忽略，把物体简化为一个点，认为物体的质量都集中在这个点上，这个点称为质点。
2.质点条件：1）物体中各点的运动情况完全相同（物体做平动）2）物体的大小（线度）＜＜它通过的距离3.质点具有相对性，而不具有绝对性。
举例：质点（地球公转长途运行的火车，长跑运动员）；非质点（自转的物体上的点，火车过桥，体操运动员）4.理想化模型：根据所研究问题的性质和需要，抓住问题中的主要因素，忽略其次要因素，建立一种理想化的模型，使复杂的问题得到简化。
（为便于研究而建立的一种高度抽象的理想客体，实际上不存在）参考系1.任何运动都是相对于某个参照物而言的，这个参照物称为参考系。
2.参考系的选取是自由的。
1）比较两个物体的运动必须选用同一参考系。
2）参照物不一定静止，但被认为是静止的。
坐标系为了定量地描述物体的位置及位置的变化，需要在参考系上建立适当的坐标系。
三要素：原点、正方向、单位长度。
第二节时间位移时间与时刻1.钟表指示的一个读数对应着某一个瞬间，就是时刻，时刻在时间轴上对应某一点。
两个时刻之间的间隔称为时间，时间在时间轴上对应一段。
△t=t2—t12.时间和时刻的单位都是秒，符号为s，常见单位还有min，h。
3.通常以问题中的初始时刻为零点。
路程和位移1.路程表示物体运动轨迹的长度，但不能完全确定物体位置的变化，是标量。
2.从物体运动的起点指向运动的终点的有向线段称为位移，是矢量。
3.物理学中，只有大小的物理量称为标量；既有大小又有方向的物理量称为矢量。
4.只有在质点做单向直线运动是，位移的大小等于路程。
两者运算法则不同。
典型题：一质点绕半径为R 的圆周运动了一圈，则其位移大小为 ，路程是 。
若质点运动了 1.75 周，则其位移大小为 ，路程是 ，运动过程中最大位移是第三节 运动运动的描述——速度 1.直线运动的位置和位移：坐标的正负表示位置在原点的哪一侧，坐标的数值表示位置到原点的距离 用位置坐标的变化量表示物体位移 ，用正、负表示运动物体位移的方向△X=X 2—X 1 2.物体通过的位移与所用的时间之比叫做速度。
高中英语必修一、二笔记
⾼中英语必修⼀、⼆笔记B1 M21、His amusing joke amused every one present. (在场的)2、support ⽀撑3、energetic (n.)energy4、intelligent = wise = clever5、nervously (adv.) nervousness(n.) cover up 掩饰6、organized organize(v.) organization(n.) WHO世界卫⽣组织7、patience 耐⼼be patient with sb. in sth. be strict with sb. in sth.8、avoid doing9、incorrectly correct(adj.) 正确的convenient ⽅便的10、completely = totally 完全地complete(v/adj.) 完成/ 完整的、⼗⾜的I feel completely relaxed now, for the meeting is a complete success.11、admit 承认，允许⼊内admission(n.) admission tickets⼊场券I dream of being admitted to an ideal university12、revise- revision13、similar- similarly- similarity(n.) 相似之处14、respect respectable正派的，体⾯的respectively分别地15、play jokes on sb. 开某⼈玩笑tell jokes 开玩笑16、summarize(v.) 摘要，总结17、spiritual comfort ⼼灵安慰above all ⾸要的是wave to sb.向某⼈招⼿18、keep off the topic 避开话题keep to the point 点明主旨19、be on vacation20、keep good discipline 保持好纪律have problems with discipline 纪律有问题21、In our school, the relationship between teachers and students is quite relaxed.relaxing relaxationrelaxed atmosphere22、hope to/ I’m glad to/ decide to/ plan to/ He orders me not to/ want toI used to. You don’t have to. I ought to.23、He dare not go out at night.He doesn’t dare to go out at night. dare是半个情态动词（同need）24、make up one’s mind to do 下定决⼼做某事25、后加doing的动词：delay推迟，延迟deny否认risk，keep, escape, mind, avoid, practice, admit, enjoy, advise, consider, miss错过permit允许excuse, stand, appreciate, suggest 后加to do的动词：manage, decide, plan, hope, fail, afford, promise承诺2627、make sure that +从句（⼀般现在时）make sure of the time/ make sure of the place28、It is said that everyone lives by selling something. Teachers live by selling knowledge. Similarly, priests live by selling spiritual comfort.29、My opinion on the matter is similar to yours.30、Surprisingly, there are some similarities between the two designs.31、a complete fool a complete stranger You are completely mistaken.Please complete the task by October.32、Huaxia amusement park received a letter but they didn’t take it seriously.33、She has an advantage over other teachers.34、Above all, I prefer teachers who are amusing and energetic. However, being intelligent is also an important quality of a good teacher.prefer to do A rather than do B. = Rather than do B, sb. prefer to do A.would rather do than do.＝would do rather than do.I decided to write rather than telephone.35、leave sb. alone.把某⼈单独留下36、such a beautiful girl= so beautiful a girlcatch one’s eye 吸引某⼈的⽬光（这⾥的eye通常不⽤复数）come into view/ sight.进⼊视线37、enter for 报名参加win the Nobel Prize 得诺贝尔奖stand on one’s head 倒⽴lie on one’s chest.趴着睡lie on one’s back/ side 仰/侧躺着睡in return for作为……的报答call at sp.拜访某地call on sb.拜访某⼈call sb.打电话strike eight敲响8点strike击中，敲击，袭击A big earthquake struck Sichuan.gather集合damage破坏（可修复）destroy破坏（不可修复）do/ cause much damage to 对……造成破坏B1 M31、scenery（⾃然、综合）美景（un.）view视野（从⾼往下）have a good view of 观点in one’s viewsight单⼀景象，⼈⽂景观（+s）The water fall is a beautiful sight.short sighted近视眼At first sight, I lost my heart to her.第⼀眼看到她，我就爱上了她At the sight of the blood, she fainted.⼀看到⾎，她就晕倒了scene 场景（⼈+物），幕（戏剧的）I can see the scene of children playing in the garden.Scene I 第⼀幕be on the scene 上场，在现场2、Where do you think he lives?你认为他住在哪？Who do you believe/suppose the teacher is praising? 你认为⽼师在表扬谁？3、refer to 1）指，针对2）提及，提到3）查阅，参考be referred to as被称作(n.)reference查阅，参考reference book参考书4、mathematics数学5、be short for ……的简写be short of缺少＝lack(vt.)Our company is short of money.(n.)shortage短缺in short简⾔之= in a word take shortcuts⾛捷径6、out of date过期，过时up to date最新的out of work失业out of breath⽓喘吁吁out of control失控out of order出故障out of reach够不到means of transport交通⼯具7、He waited until it was dark.He didn’t get off the bus until 8:00. 他直到8点才下车=Not until 8:00 did he get off the bus.8、I didn’t recognize him until he removed his glasses.=Not until he removed his glasses did I recognize him.9、The picture looks better at a distance.隔开⼀段距离in the distance在远⽅distant(adj.)远处的，冷淡的keep sb. at a distance与某⼈保持距离10、abandoned (v.)abandon抛弃11、desert (v.)抛弃dessert甜点12、be an expert in在……是专家expert(adj.)内⾏的be expert in在……内⾏He is expert in repairing cars.13、shoot shoot him dead射死他shoot at对……瞄准14、journey(长) Wish you a good journey祝你旅途愉快15、train trainer训练者16、frighten= scare= terrifyI was frightened to death by the frightening/terrifying tiger.17、interview interview sb.给某⼈⾯试，采访某⼈cover sth.采访某事18、event sports event运动赛事19、exhausted = tired out exhausting令⼈筋疲⼒尽的exhaustion(n.)After climbing Mount Tai, I was exhausted/ tired out.20、downtown downtown Weihai.威海市中⼼21、ceremony attend the opening ceremony.参加开幕式Attend the wedding ceremony.参加婚礼22、track道，路径，声道，踪迹，跑道keep track of跟踪fox 狐狸23、smoked fish熏鱼give a lecture做报告24、I only interview the trained people.He found the stolen car at last/ eventually.Where is the repaired car? Where is the car repaired yesterday?a sunken ship⼀艘沉船25、pay a visit to = visit参观take/make a trip to sp.be totally lost in……流连忘返be fascinated by为……着迷26、be located in gorgeous美丽的paradise天堂a state-level scenic spot.⼀个国家级旅游景点hesitate犹豫Lijiang Ancient City丽江古城at home and abroad国内外a place of historical interest历史⽂化古迹27、not...any more 动作不再重复not…any longer 状态不再延续28、tips for/ on sth.（最好⽤on）1、approach (vi./vt.)靠近（n.）1）靠近，临近2）⽅法3）道路With winter approaching = With the approach of winteran increasing number of越来越多的out of work = unemployed失业He adopted a new approach to treating patients.他发现⼀种治疗病⼈的新⽅法2、occupy (vt.)占领，占⽤（时间，空间）＝take up occupation职业The north China was occupied by the Japanese for a long time.Playing football occupies most of my leisure time.（业余时间）Please state(陈述) your name, address and occupation.be busy with sth./ in doing sth.= be occupied with sth./in doing3、survive+灾难（不⽤介词）（vi./vt.）survivor幸存者survival(n.)air crash空难survival of the fittest适者⽣存survivors of 911.4、contact(vi./vt.)与……联络（n.）接触，联系D on’t hesitate to contact me if you are in trouble.avoid eye contact避免⽬光接触keep in contact/ touch保持联络make contact with sb.与某⼈取得联系5、exchange(v.)1）交换2）兑换exchange views/ ideas交换意见，交流想法exchange gifts in exchange for⽤于交换… exchange A for B（⽤A换B）I gave him a camera in exchange for his watch.⽤照相机换⼿表6、survey make/carry out a survey on sth.7、suburban 郊区的（adj.）live in the suburb of Weihai.8、attract-attraction9、fortune 1)命运fortune-teller算命者2)⼤笔钱财make a fortune发财10、sound The music sounds beautiful. smell/ taste/ look/ feel +adj.11、tourist attract tourists from home and abroad.tourism= the tourist industry旅游业12、bother bother to do⿇烦做某事，费事做某事He didn’t bother to say Thank you.他连谢谢都没说bother sb. with/about sth. financial problems.财政问题13、rent the rent for the apartment is high.14、starve挨饿starve to death饿得要死15、be caught in the traffic jams.被困在交通堵塞中16、unemployed the unemployed失业者employ雇⽤，使⽤employment(n.) employed (adj.) unemployment17、profession(n.) I’m a te acher by profession.我是专业⽼师18、Which do you prefer, manual labor(体⼒劳动) or mental labor(脑⼒劳动)?19、fascinating (v.)fascinate I’m fascinated by the fascinating country music.20、afford to do He can’t afford to send his children to school.We can’t afford a holiday.我们休不起假21、summer resort避暑胜地22、形容词：美⼤形幼新颜国材23、a large number of + cn. a great many + cn. a great deal of + un.a large amount of + un.1、exist We can’t exist without water.没有⽔我们就不能⽣存Water exists as solid, liquid and gas.2、expand Metals expand when (they’re) heated and contract when cooled. expand business扩⼤⽣意expand its wings展开翅膀3、mixtureSteel is a mixture of iron and other substances.钢是铁和其它物质的混合物a woman of substance富裕的⼥⼈(v.)mix (adj.)mixed mix A with B(把A和B混在⼀起)have mixed feelings about sth.对某事感到悲喜交加a mixed school男⼥混合学校4、stage舞台，阶段The experiment is divided into 3 stages.5、conclusion (v.)conclude得出结论We can conclude that…= We can draw a conclusion that…=We can come to a conclusion that…= reach a conclusion that…= arrive at a conclusion that…In conclusion = to conclude6、I want to express my gratitude(感谢) to you.7、aim (n.)⽬标aimless漫⽆⽬的的achieve one’s goal = achieve one’s aimMy aim is to serve the people while his aim is to make money.We aim to complete the project by Friday.be aimed at 针对The new scheme(计划) is aimed at reducing unemployment.8、The anti-smoking campaign禁烟运动anti:反对9、A reacts with B to form C.(A与B反应⽣成C) partial reaction局部反应her reaction to the news她对消息的反应How did she react to the news?10、a piece of equipment(vt.)equip装备，配备equip our classroom with computers.We should equip ourselves with knowledge. be equipped with…配备有…Our school is equipped with the latest teaching facilities./sports facilities.11、boiling water沸腾的⽔boiled water开⽔boiled egg熟鸡蛋12、ordinary普通的，平常的ordinary people/ food. ordinary-looking相貌平平common1）公共的，共同的common interests共同利益2）常见的common sense/ knowledge常识It’s common practice to do做某事是惯例The flu is common among students in winter.usual通常的，平常的He sits in his usual place.I will meet you at the usual time.normal正常的normal blood pressure正常⾎压13、add add oil to the water add some salt to the soupThe rain added to our difficulties.增加His year income adds up to $18000 add up to共计= come to = totaladd the figures up把数字加起来14、keep the air out of water.别让空⽓进⼊⽔Keep him out of the office because his name is at the bottom of the list.15、I was about to go out when it began to rain.我正要出去，就开始下⾬了16、build up增强，增加build up one’s confidence.bring up带⼤，养⼤，吐，提出（问题）make up编造，构成，化妆，讲和，补上去17、at the cost of以…为代价18、Suppose/ Supposing +句⼦＝If +句⼦19、⽐较级汇总You are taller than me = I’m less tall than you.not as…as… =not so…as…The harder you work, the more progress you will get.The fewer mistakes you make, the more rewards you will receive.He is more an artist than a teacher.与其说他是⽼师，不如说他是艺术家It’s more than a newspaper它不仅仅是报纸This is more than I can tell you.我不能告诉你这件事I’m more than glad/ happy/ willing/ ready to do sth. ⾮常愿意做某事no more than = only He’s no more than a worker他只是个⼯⼈You’re no taller than me.(我们俩都不⾼)Are you feeling any better today?你今天好点了吗？20、float float in the air在空中飘浮float on the water在⽔上漂浮21、dissolve Salt dissolves easily in water盐在⽔中易溶22、balance (n.)平衡，天平（vt.）把…平衡lose one’s balance失去平衡keep the balance of nature保持⽣态平衡a balanced diet均衡的饮⾷keep/ strike a balance between work and relaxation.保持平衡23、go on a diet节⾷fat-free food不含脂肪的⾷物duty-free shop免税店salt-free⽆盐24、put/ keep sth. in order25、make sure that + ⼀般现在时make sure of the time/ place.26、I will walk you home.我将步⾏送你回家27、Sth. is around the corner. …就要来临了28、When introduced to a foreigner, he went red. weigh sb.称某⼈体重29、I prefer that…(现在时) prefer sb. to do sth.30、leave+宾语+宾语补⾜语（adj./adv./doing/done/n.）leave the motor on让马达开着（+adv.）leave the door unlocked leave me aloneHis parents died, leaving him an orphan(孤⼉).31、倒装句Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn.⼩品词：in, out, up, down, on, off, away, overOut came a boy. Up flew the bird. Down came the plane.介词短语：On the wall are two horses. Before me stood a policeman.B1 M61、resource资源China is rich in natural resources.中国富含⾃然资源2、be accessible to sb. through a computer/ by computer.document⽂件the access to通道，通路have access toPeople have no access to safe drinking water in Africa.access information from website3、The club consists of 20 members.俱乐部由200⼈组成Life consists of not only smiles but also tears.Our group consists of 4 people.4、develop films冲洗照⽚develop cancer患癌症develop a new drug发明⼀种新药develop new software开发新软件5、I got this position through his help. live through the warHe fell ill through eating too much. read through the letter6、make it possible for sb. to do7、the teacher’s concern for me⽼师对我的关⼼8、contain1）含有（成分）2）抑制3）容纳=hold 4）装有Tomatoes contain plenty of VC.The bag contains nothing but books.include (vt.) 1）包括2）列⼊Please include me in the list.Does the price include the tax(税)? The price includes breakfast, doesn’t it?Everyone laughed, me included = including me.Her bag contains many books including an English one.9、crash (n.)撞击(vi.)崩溃an air crash a car crash10、key word password11、Our car has a breakdown half way. = Our car breaks down.1)失败The peace talk broke down. 2)He broke down at the news.12、source look into the source of virus(病毒).13、defend (vt.) defence(n.) Attack is the best form of defence.14、create-creation-creative-creativity创造⼒create favorable(有利的) conditions15、via go to Taiwan via Hong Kong = by way of16、percentage 前不可加数字40 percent of the students are in favor of the view.The percentage is going down/ going up.A large percentage of the students hold the opposite view.17、invention-invent-inventor invent an excuse = make up an excuse18、permission (n.)许可without permissionask for permission permit(v.) permitted过去式permit/ allow sb. to do 19、concentrate concentrate on = concentrate one’s attention on = focus onWe are supposed to concentrate on our study rather than abandon ourselves to playing computer games.20、definite Definitely肯定地I want a definite answer.21、fantastic in my view/ for my part/ personally/ as for me在我看来The Internet is fantastic because it provides us with whatever information we require.22、independent(adj.)独⽴的She is independent of her parents.depend on = be dependent on think independently独⽴思考23、Advantages outweigh disadvantages.24、average平均的on average平均地He’s an average student.25、statistics统计数字according to the latest statistics.26、shorten widen deepen sharpenWe can broaden one’s horizons by surfing the Internet.27、be known to sb.被某⼈知道well-known, better-know, best-known28、the aged⽼⼈the living活着的⼈29、hit sb. in the face(软) hit sb. on the nose(硬)30、There is a Mr. Wang waiting you.31、a good knowledge of sth.某⽅⾯有丰富的知识receive a good education32、He was made chairman.(⽆冠词) make him managerthe balance of nature people from all walks of life各⾏各业的⼈33、He’s a most excellent student他是个极好的学⽣faithful忠诚的the Alps阿尔卑斯⼭in the 1820s read one’s mind/ thoughts读懂某⼈的⼼lay a solid foundation for…为…打下牢固基础be harmful toget cheated被欺骗abandon yourself to…沉溺于…be beneficial to= be good for on the contrary恰恰相反34、compare the girl to…把⼥孩⽐作…rush sb to…急匆匆把某⼈送去…produce a gun from the pocket.从⼝袋⾥拿出⼀把枪35、You can’t be too careful = You can’t be careful enough你再认真也不为过36、Sth. doesn’t agree with sb.(天⽓、⾷物等，⽤于否定句)37、come across a new word遇到新单词be favorable for对…有利break through突围，突破1、Every year many people die of illness related to smoking.2、People are likely to become addicted to nicotine(尼古丁). Therefore, smoking affects(不好的影响) your health. Furthermore(此外), it’s against the law to smoke on public transport because smoking does damage to(损害) passive smokers as well. For the sake of your health, I believe it will be wonderful if you can give up smoking.3、distraction (un.)分⼼(cn.)分⼼物I have to study in the library because there are too many distractions at home. distract You can develop new interests to distract your attention from smoking = distract you from smoking.Playing games will distract you from your study.4、recognize recognition(n.) I didn’t recognize your voice.Taiwan has no right to recognize Kosov o’s independence.台湾⽆权承认科索沃独⽴5、He is a danger to society.他对社会是个危险分⼦6、He is interested in what belongs to others.7、since既然= now that (众所周知的) for因为(前有逗号，补充说明)8、倒装：only +状语Only in Beijing can you see the Great Wall.Only by working hard can you succeed. only +⼈不倒装9、Once you start smoking, you’re likely to become addicted to it.10、Taking drugs has become a serious social problem.11、take part in/ participate in/ join in a discussion/ social activities.join +组织12、have an effect on= have an influence on home surroundings家庭环境13、He’s recognized as a first-class writer.14、Where is the book belonging to me?15、injection(n.) reduction(n.) burglar抢劫犯burglary抢劫案16、criminal (adj.)犯罪的(n.)罪犯17、illegal不合法的legally illegally participation(n.)参加，参与18、It’s said that he was a farmer.= He is said to have been a farmer.Bill is considered to have invented the phone.19、suggest doing advise sb to do.20、commit crime犯罪take drugs吸毒21、agree to接受（计划、建议）agree with同意agree on就…达成共识22、However cold it is = No matter how cold it is23、be determined to do = make up one’s mind to do下定决⼼做某事1、keep…up保持…⾼keep up your spirits使情绪⾼涨2、I came here running all the way.我⼀路跑着来的3、I have a talent/ gift for singing.我有唱歌天赋talented= gifted4、I’m a born singer我⽣来是歌⼿5、go deaf/ mad/ bad/ wrong/ blind6、The rest of the money has been spent so far.7、Washing the dishes, I hurt my hand.当我洗盘⼦时，我弄伤了我的⼿Having washed the dishes, I put them away.洗完盘⼦后，我把它们收起来8、take notes =make notes9、influence sb. to do sth. under one’s influence在某⼈影响下influential(adj.)有影响的Having taught in Weihai for 10 years, the musician went to Beijing, where he became an influential figure.Not having heard from her, I wrote her another letter.Having been told again and again, he made the same mistake.10、The clock struck 13 o’clock, which made everyone laugh.He likes to live where he can enjoy sunshine. I’ll go where I’m needed.11、take up开始从事Under his father’s influence, he took up painting.It was under his father’s influence that he took up painting.12、keep a record of = keep/make a note of对…记录13、expense花费14、divide把整体分成部分separate A from B（把A与B分开）原混在⼀起的两个/多个整体It is the Taiwan Strait that separates Taiwan from the mainland.What is it that separates Taiwan from the mainland?It was in the hotel where he stayed that I saw him.It was in the lab where she did the experiment that she made a great discovery. Where was it that he was born in 1980? When was it that he was born in Shanghai? Not until his first album came out did he become famous.=It was not until his first album came out that he became famous.15、split up分裂，分开keep a record of16、have one’s first hit⾸次造成轰动become a hit轰动⼀时be a great success⼤获得成功17、There was an audience of 2000. 有2000个观众18、life (cn.)⽣命(cn./un.)⽣活We should make good use of time.employ = take on雇⽤side effect副作⽤19、The meeting lasted for 2 hours.=lasted 2 hours.20、be faced with⾯临He turns out(to be) honest.他原来很诚实啊！despite +n.尽管21、Success lies in hard work.(=consists in)成功位于⾟勤的劳动中The outbreak of the SARS⾮典的爆发22、one at a time⼀次⼀个fishery渔业23、the moment =the minute =as soon as ⼀…就…24、The first time I saw him= When I saw him for the first time25、Why does she always drive to work when(既然) she could easily take train? Why do you want a new job when you have already got a good one?26、have a talent for对…有天赋27、This is what is called ‘pencil’.表语从句I believe what you said.宾语从句What you said is right主语从句28、search for =look for reach for伸⼿够某物（通常⾝⼦不动）29、recognize承认cancel= call off30、after you您先请every other year每隔⼀年talent =gift talented =gifted31、release释放，发⾏other than除了departure离开stable稳定的appeal to吸引optimism（n.）乐观stick to his dream坚持梦想start a band = form a band turn up= appearto our regret让我们遗憾的是reunite重聚best-seller畅销书32、Not only am I interested in English but also I learn it well.one’s love for life33、had planned/ intended/ meant/ wanted/ wished/ hoped 本打算但没做成I had intended to go to Mexico but my father wouldn’t let me go.34、Sell the cars while it still runs.趁这车还跑把它卖了吧35、It was three hours before firemen put out the fire.(before才，就)He had hung up before I could answer.我还没来得及接他就挂断了36、Sb. be in charge of负责Sth be in the charge of…由…负责37、catch sight of看见，看到abnormal不正常的lift a ban on解除禁令38、I seated the baby on the sofa.I seated myself.(坐的动作) I was seated.(坐的状态)I found him seated there.= I found him sitting there.B2 M41、be considered as/ to be…被认为是… He’s considered (as) a good president. consider doing2、show ordinary city life3、such as +词for example+句⼦(有时候可以加词)4、in the traditional Chinese style⽤传统中国⽅式5、aim to do=aim at doing旨在…6、be fed up with = be sick of = be bored with= be tired of厌倦7、show reality表现真实的东西realistic现实的8、prepare sb. for sth.使某⼈为某事做好准备be well/ fully prepared for…为…做好充分的准备9、develop an interest in10、tell by…通过…判断accent⼝⾳I can tell by the accent that he isn’t a native of Weihai.tell right from wrong辨别是⾮11、observe observe nature观察⼤⾃然observe public order遵守公共秩序Do you observe Christmas?你们庆祝圣诞节吗？observe sb. do/ doing看到某⼈做某事I observed him enter the bank.= He was observed to enter the bank.see/ watch/ notice/ hear/ look at/ listen to/ feel + do/doing/doneI observed him driving at a speed of 90 miles per hour.=He was observed driving at a speed of 90 miles per hour.He saw his brother murdered by terrorists. I hear my name called.observation (n.) be under observation正在被观察observer观察员12、put off the meeting to/ till/ until next month. delay doing推迟做某事13、put out 1)⽣产put out 50 cars 2)使我不⾼兴put me out 3）扑灭put out a fire put away收拾好put aside money 1)把钱拿到⼀边2）把钱存起来put forward提出put forward a suggestion put down 1)放下2）记下3）镇压rise起义rebellion叛乱put me up让我留宿14、delightful令⼈愉快的＝pleasant （v.）delight使…⾼兴delight sb. (n.)delight to my delight/ joy 令我⾼兴的是delighted感到⾼兴的15、reality escape from reality.逃避现实（抽象，不加冠词）He escaped punishment/ being punished.Going to the moon has become a reality.去⽉球已成为现实（具体，加冠词）his dream of doing sth.他做某事的梦想16、aspect⽅⾯in every aspect/ respect 在所有⽅⾯In many aspects, human beings differ from monkeys.The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.17、imitate模仿imitation(n.)18、adopt采纳，领养adapt改编，适应be adapted from由…改编adapt to new surroundings适应新环境19、destroy destruction(n.) destructive(adj.)have no choice but to do sth.别⽆选择做某事ruin/ damage可修复的破坏（轻）20、start an art movement发起⼀场艺术运动21、adopt advanced technology采⽤先进技术22、The horses look alive那些马看上去栩栩如⽣23、Can you name all the plants in the garden?(说出…的名字)The street was named after Dickens.24、be fond of喜爱extraordinary杰出的25、in the rush hour在⾼峰期26、can’t stand doing I can’t stand being laughed at in public.He can’t stand being looked down upon by his peers(同龄⼈).27、Considering that all the scenic spots are crowded with people, I’m considering calling off/ canceling my travel.28、with the aim of…⽬的是…achieve one’s aim29、aim at doing = aim to doOur school has carried out a series of reform(改⾰), aiming to lighten(减轻) the burden（负担）of us students.30、take turns to do轮流做…31、experiment on sth.在…⾝上做实验cure cancer治愈癌症32、be aimed at针对criticism（n.）批评33、the golden-haired girl⾦发⼥孩kind-hearted⼼肠好的one-eyed独眼的peace-loving热爱和平的water-flooded被⽔淹没的34、They saw a shining objectobject物体，宾语，⽬标subject主语The object(⽬标) of the plan is to benefit(使受益) all the staff.object (v.) They object to(反对) developing private cars, for the release waste gas. objection (n.)反对35、living活着的（adj.）a living writer(前置) living thingsalive 1)活着的a writer alive(后置) We are alive. keep the fish alivecatch sb. alive活捉某⼈bury sb. alive活埋某⼈2）有活⼒的Though he’s in his eighties, he’s alive.live 活着的（不修饰⼈）a live snake/ fish a live football match现场直播球赛lively活泼的，⽣动的36、stand out突出，与众不同，出头The flower stands out against the white snow在⽩雪映衬下stand by +宾语：⽀持…stand by(不加宾语)：袖⼿旁观stand for代表37、He succeeded in escaping from the fire.= He managed to escape from the fire.=He was able to escape from the fire.38、Only yesterday did I realize that he had cheated(欺骗) me.39、suffer from因…受苦40、I hate the way you speak to your mother(=the way that you speak to your mother = the way in which you speak to your mother)41、It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有⽤42、⽆⽣命事物中，国家、城市、天体、时间、距离可加’s43、tell A from B tell A and B apart（把A和B区分开）44、realize one’s full potential（潜⼒）B2 M51、celebrity (cn.)名⼈Many celebrities have turned up(出现) in TV commercials(⼴告⽚).2、economy (un.) economy class经济舱However wealthy we are, we are supposed to practice economy.例⾏节俭economic经济的，与经济有关的economic crisis经济危急economic reform经济改⾰economical省钱的，实惠的Traveling by car is more economical than traveling by plane.3、flight飞⾏，航班during his flight在他的飞⾏期间fly-flew-flown fly a kite放风筝run my finger through the hair⽤⼿捋头发4、congratulations Congratulations on winning the race.恭喜赢得⽐赛offer one’s congratulations to sb. on sth.为某事向某⼈表⽰祝贺congratulate sb. on sth. We all congratulated him on his getting a promotion(升职).5、in total总计 a total of…共计…A total of 30 countries offered their congratulations to China on the successful launch of the lunar probe(⽉球探测器). lunar calendar阴历6、welcome (v.)We welcomed the Queen at the airport.(n.)receive a warm welcome (adj.)You are welcome不客⽓7、history historical in history in the history of China8、achievement (cn.) an achievement⼀项成就He has made great achievements in the field of rice growing.achieve (v.) achieve one’s ambition实现某⼈的抱负9、replace = take the place ofNothing can replace a mother’s love and care.Computers have replaced typewriters(打字机).I have replaced him as captain of the team. I will replace my car with a new one.放回Replace the book on the shelf.10、be delighted at I’m delighted to see you again.be delighted that…to my delight = to my joy11、I part my hair in the middle.我头发中分part with sth.放弃某物part from sb.与某⼈分开part the two dogs把两只狗分开play an important part/ role inTourism plays an important part in China’s economy.Computers are playing an important part in our daily life, and more and more families have access to the Internet.play the part of…扮演…的⾓⾊12、belief religious belief宗教信仰–disbelief (v.)believe-disbelieve13、evidence证据 a piece of evidenceNow that/ Since there wasn’t enough evidence to prove(证明) that he’s guilty（有罪的）, he was set free/ was released.14、culture cultural cultural exchange⽂化交流cultural difference⽂化差异15、financial finance⾦融financial crisis⾦融危机16、Oxford University(⽜津⼤学), founded in 1167, is a first-class university from which many celebrities graduated.17、This is the city which I live in.= This is the city in which I live.18、produce拿出，⽣产（n.）production⽣产product产品Our products are free of chemicals（化学物质）.19、by⽤于数字间的⽐较You are late by 10 minutes.You are taller than me by one head.20、lie in = consist in位于，在于21、抽象名词具体化：success, failure, danger, surprise, honor, joy, pleasure22、on behalf of代表23、He died for the honor of the country.他为国家荣誉⽽死24、a beauty⼀个美⼈attraction吸引⼈的东西25、before 1)才，就⼀般将来时+ before +⼀般现在时/ ⼀般过去时+before+⼀般过去时It will be long before we meet again.2)还没来得及He had hung up before I could answer it.3)趁着Sell the car before it still runs.26、while 1）尽管2）⽽（对⽐）3）在…期间，与…同时When/ While I was in Japan, I picked up Japanese.27、immediately = the moment =the minute =as soon as…The moment I saw him, I thought of his father.The first time he went to Shanghai, he paid a visit to his teacher.28、hardly…when…= no sooner…than…⼀…就…He had hardly arrived when it began to snow他⼀到就下雪了=Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow. （when前过去完成时，when后⼀般过去时）No sooner had she gone to sleep than the telephone rang.29、in case以防He always slept by the telephone in case (that) she rang during the night.Don’t go out in case (that) Mr. Li should(表虚拟) visit you.30、trend趋势31、turn to sb. (for help) 向某⼈寻求帮助32、in place of = instead of33、aboard 1)介词go aboard the plane/ ship 2)副词get aboard =go aboard34、enjoy life fully= enjoy life to the full充分享受⽣活B2 M61、comedy-tragedy (cn.)2、sword剑There is no doubt that the Internet is a double-edged sword.3、character (cn.)⾓⾊，⼈物（un.）性格By the year 2008, the actress had created a series of different characters.They are opposite in character.性格截然相反My ring is similar to yours in style.4、masterpiece The movie, directed by Zhang, is really a masterpiece.5、leap-leapt-leapt (n./vi.) Look before you leap.三思⽽⾏leap with delight/ joy⾼兴地跳起来shake with cold/ fear冷得/吓得发抖6、occasionally = (every) now and then =from time to time= once in a while不时地。
高中语文笔记大全
高中常见易混近义实词合集1、【处事·处世】“处事”指处理问题，处理各种事务，如“他处事严肃，态度却十分和蔼”。
“处世”指在社会上活动，跟人往来相处，如“他闯荡江湖多年，有着丰富的处世经验”。
高考必背22.【处治·处置】“处治”指处分、惩治，如“对那些民愤极大的腐败分子要从严从快加以处治”。
处置：①表示处理，如“这事务必妥善处置”；②指发落、惩治，如“我只恨没有本领处置那些该死的东西”。
2、【窜改·篡改】二者都有改动的意思，但改动的对象和动机不同。
“窜改”指改动成语、文件、古书等中不应该改动的部分，单指文字改动，对象多是具体的书面材料，不含贬义，如“抄写文件要细心，不要随意窜改”。
“篡改”指用作伪的手段别有用心地改动或曲解，把正确的东西改为不正确的东西，不限于文字，含贬义，对象多是比较抽象的东西，如经典、理论、政策、学说、历史等，如“他们肆意篡改历史”。
3、【参观·观赏】“参观”指实地观察(工作成绩、事业、设施、名胜古迹等)，如“参观游览”。
“观赏”指观看欣赏，如“观赏名花异草”。
4、【反应反映】“反应”是指受到某种刺激引起的活动，也指化学、物理的连锁变化；还指事情引起的意见或行动。
“反映”是指把客观事物的本质表现出来，也指向有关方面报告情况或问题。
“反应”是被动的，“反映”是主动的。
5、【妨碍妨害】“妨碍”着重指造成一定障碍，程度较轻。
如：妨碍交通。
“妨害”着重指有损害，程度较重。
如：妨害健康。
6、【肤浅浮浅】相同：都表示浅，不深。
不同：“肤浅”主要用于认识、理解等局限于表面，常指学识浅薄，理解不深刻。
“浮浅”主要用于作风、学识等，着重于指浮在表面，认识浅薄，不扎实。
7、【抚养扶养赡养】：“抚养”兼指监护、教养和供养，一般是长辈对晚辈。
“扶养”广义指因亲属关系而发生的一方对他方承担生活供养，狭义指夫妻双方在物质、生活上的互相帮助、照顾。
“赡养”指成年子女对父母或晚辈对长辈在物质上的帮助和生活上的照顾。
11397-高考-数学笔记-正式课
y1+y2=2pk2+2m ������1 ������2 = ������2
X1+x2=-2pk Y1+Y2=2pm
y1+y2=2pk2-2m y1y2=m2
|AB|=2√������√1 + k 2 √pk 2 − 2m
抛物线的全方位秒杀 【典型例题 1】
第52 53 54讲
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =γ������������ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 已知 AB 在抛物线 C:x 2 = 4y上，点（0，4）满足������������ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⊥ ������������ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (1) 求证：������������ (2) 设抛物线 C 过 AB 两点的切线交于点 N 1. 求证点 N 在一条定直线上 2. 设 4≤ x ≪ 9 求直线 MN 在 X 轴上截距的取值范围
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程伟巅峰数学创新高考秒杀第一人
程伟巅峰数学创新高考秒杀第一人
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(2) 由(1)可得 |AB|= 1 K | x1 x2 | 故SAOB 1 |AB|h= 2 2|t| 1+2k2 ? t2 1 2k2
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第50,51讲
抛物线的全部秒杀 开口向右： y 2 =2px Δ>0 Δ=p-2km>0 X1+x2= X1X2=
高中历史总复习课堂笔记——中国近代史
序中国近代史概述一、含义和分期1.含义：中国半殖民地半封建社会的历史.2.分期：184019191949年鸦片战争爆发五四运动中华人民共和国成立二、前期基本线索和社会主要矛盾1.基本线索：①反帝反封斗争，实现民族独立；②探索救国之路，实现近代化.*专题：①资本主义的侵华史；②下层人民的革命斗争史；③资产阶级性质的改革和革命史；④民族资本主义的发展史；⑤近代社会政治思想史.2社会的主要矛盾：①中华民族与外国资本主义；②封建主义与人民大众.*何谓“半殖民地半封建社会”？①沦落：“半殖民地”是指丧失了部分的，而不是全部的独立自主权；②进步：“半封建”是指既保存了封建主义，又发展了资本主义；③不能机械地理解为“半殖民地”是政治的，“半封建”是经济的。
两者都具有经济、政治、文化的内涵.*中国半殖民地半封建社会的形成过程（四个阶段）：♑鸦片战争后，中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会；♑第二次鸦片战争后，半殖民地化程度进一步加深；♑中日甲午战争后，半殖民地程度大大加深；♑八国联军侵华战争后，中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会.*中国近代史的各个阶段分期：♎开始沦为半殖半封社会时期（1840-19世纪60年代）；♎半殖半封社会形成时期（19世纪6、70年代-20世纪初）；♎半殖半封社会深化时期（20世纪初-五四运动前）；♎革命的新曙光和国民大革命时期（ 1919-1927）；♎国共十年对峙时期（1927-1937）；♎中华民族的抗日战争时期（1937-1945）；♎人民解放战争时期（1945-1949）.第一单元中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会时期（1840-19世纪60年代）*重要事件：1.鸦片战争（1840-1842）2.第二次鸦片战争（1856-1860）3.太平天国运动（1851-1864）4.新思潮的萌发（19世纪四五十年代）一、阶段特征殖民者用战争的方式打开中国大门，中华民族与外国资本主义之间的矛盾成为中国社会各种矛盾中的最主要矛盾，中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会；农民阶级领导的反封建反侵略的太平天国运动爆发，封建主义与人民大众之间的矛盾成为中国社会的另一对主要矛盾；晚清开明士大夫指出“师夷长技以制夷”，新思潮萌发；在内外交困的形势下清朝政局也发生大变动.二、重点解读1.鸦片战争（1840-1842）P1-10直接目的：为了维护可耻的鸦片贸易；根本目的：打开中国大门，把中国变为其商品市场、原料产地.（3）性质：英国侵华战争.（4）中国失败的原因：①客观原因：英国综合国力的强大；②主观原因：清王朝的腐朽落后；③根本原因：腐朽没落的封建主义对抗不了新兴的资本主义.（5）影响：①中国社会发生急剧变化:A.政治上：领土完整和独立主权开始丧失.B.经济上：自然经济开始解体，中国经济被卷入资本主义世界体系，成为西方资本主义列强的附庸.②西方势力的侵入客观上促进了中国社会近代化进程的发展.A.政治上：封建专制主义统治遭到削弱.B.经济上：中国闭关状态被打破，开始面向世界。
高中化学必修1学霸笔记
高中化学必修1学霸笔记高中化学必修一笔记(一)1. 药品存放安全① 固体→广口瓶液体→细口瓶或滴瓶见光易分解→棕色瓶② 酸性试剂→玻璃塞碱性试剂→橡胶塞③ 氧化剂和还原剂不能一起存放2. 常见意外事故处理① 强碱沾到皮肤——大量水+硼酸② 强酸沾到皮肤——大量水+ 3%~5%NaHCO3溶液③ 有毒有机物沾到皮肤——酒精擦洗④ 酸或碱流到实验桌上——用NaHCO3或__中和，再用水冲洗3.药品的取用固体：粉末状：纸槽、药匙一斜二送三直立块状：镊子、药匙一横二送三慢立液体：直接倾倒或用滴管取4.实验仪器的注意事项试管：加热不超过1/3，试管夹夹在距试管口1/3处先预热再加热，防止试管骤冷炸裂烧杯：加热时应垫石棉网，使受热均匀溶解物质用玻璃棒搅拌，不能触及杯壁或杯底烧瓶：(圆底烧瓶、蒸馏烧瓶、平底烧瓶)都可以用于装配气体发生装置;蒸馏烧瓶用于蒸馏以分离互溶的沸点不同的物质①圆底烧瓶和蒸馏烧瓶可以用于加热，加热要垫石棉网②液体加入量不能超过容积的1/2蒸发皿：用于蒸发液体或浓缩溶液①可以直接加热，但不能骤冷②盛液量不能超过蒸发皿溶剂的2/3③取放蒸发皿应使用坩埚钳坩埚：用于固体物质的高温灼烧①把坩埚放在三脚架上的泥三角上直接加热②取放坩埚要用坩埚钳③不宜用瓷坩埚熔化烧碱、纯碱及氟化物，它们可和瓷共熔使坩埚造腐蚀④用坩埚钳在夹取高温的坩埚时，应先把坩埚尖端在火焰下预热一下酒精灯：失火时要用湿布盖灭4.混合物的分离和提纯过滤：把不溶于液体的固体物质与液体物质分离一贴二低三靠蒸发：给液体加热使液体受热汽化挥发玻璃棒要不断搅拌溶液，防止由局部液体温度过高，造成液滴飞溅粗盐提纯：杂质有CaCl2 MgCl2 SO42-NaOH→BaCl2→Na2CO3→HCl蒸馏：利用各混合物中的沸点不同，用蒸馏的方法除去易挥发、难挥发或不挥发的物质注意：① 蒸馏烧瓶中要加少量碎瓷片或沸石，防止液体爆沸② 温度计水银球的位置应与蒸馏烧瓶支管口的下沿齐平，以测出该出蒸汽的温度③ 冷凝管中冷却水从下口进，从上口出④ 蒸馏烧瓶要垫石棉网⑤ 连接顺序由下至上，由左到右⑥ 先通水，后加热，防止冷凝管炸裂⑦ 刚开始收集到的馏分应该弃去(冷凝管脏)(实验室制取蒸馏水的装置可以不用温度计，因为自来水中要出去的杂质都难挥发)沸点低先蒸出，加热温度不能超过混合物中沸点最高的温度蒸馏水中离子检验：Cl- : 稀HNO3+AgNO3(顺序可换)SO42- : HCl + BaCl2(顺序不可换，因为可能有Ag+)注意：不能把HCl换成HNO3 ，不能把BaCl2换成Ba(NO3)2 因为SO32-+HNO3=SO42-萃取：利用物质在互不相溶的溶剂里溶解度的不同，用一种溶剂把物质从它与另一种溶剂所组成的溶液里提取出来萃取剂的选择：①萃取剂与原溶液中的溶质和溶剂都互不相溶②溶质在萃取剂中的溶解度远大于在原溶剂中的溶解度(萃取剂的密度可以比水大，也可以比水小)常见的萃取剂：苯、汽油、煤油难溶于水，密度比水小;CCl4，难溶于水，密度比水大分液：将萃取后良种互不相溶的液体分开的操作操作步骤：① 验漏：在分液漏斗中加入少量水，塞上玻璃塞，倒置看是否漏水，再把玻璃塞旋转180°，再倒置② 装液③ 混合振荡：右手压分液漏斗口部，左手握住活塞部分，把分液漏斗倒转过来振荡，使两种液体充分接触;振荡后打开活塞，使漏斗内气体放出④ 静置分层(放在铁架台上)⑤ 分液：待液体分层后，将分液漏斗颈上的玻璃塞打开，使分液漏斗上口玻璃塞上的凹槽对准漏斗上的小孔，拧开下口活塞放出下层液体，从上口倒出上层液体实验：用四氯化碳萃取碘水中的碘(碘在水中的溶解度很下而在四氯化碳的溶解度大)现象：原来的碘水呈黄色。
高中物理知识点笔记
高中物理知识点笔记一、力学1、运动的描述质点：用来代替物体的有质量的点。
当物体的大小和形状对研究问题的影响可以忽略时，可把物体看作质点。
参考系：为了研究物体的运动而假定为不动的物体。
选择不同的参考系，对同一物体运动的描述可能不同。
位移和路程位移：描述物体位置变化的物理量，是从初位置指向末位置的有向线段。
路程：物体运动轨迹的长度。
位移是矢量，路程是标量。
速度和速率速度：描述物体运动快慢和方向的物理量，是位移与发生这段位移所用时间的比值。
速率：瞬时速度的大小。
加速度：描述速度变化快慢的物理量，是速度的变化量与发生这一变化所用时间的比值。
加速度是矢量。
2、匀变速直线运动基本规律速度公式：v ＝ v₀＋ at位移公式：x ＝ v₀t ＋ 1/2 at²速度位移公式：v² v₀²＝ 2ax重要推论平均速度公式：v ＝（v₀＋ v) ／ 2中间时刻速度公式：v(t/2) ＝（v₀＋ v) ／ 2中间位置速度公式：v(x/2) ＝√（v₀²＋ v²) ／ 23、自由落体运动特点：初速度为零，加速度为重力加速度 g 的匀加速直线运动。
规律：v ＝ gt ，h ＝ 1/2 gt²，v²＝ 2gh4、相互作用重力：由于地球的吸引而使物体受到的力，方向竖直向下。
弹力：发生弹性形变的物体，由于要恢复原状，对与它接触的物体产生的力。
摩擦力静摩擦力：当两个物体相对静止但有相对运动趋势时产生的摩擦力。
滑动摩擦力：当两个物体相对滑动时产生的摩擦力。
力的合成与分解：遵循平行四边形定则。
5、牛顿运动定律牛顿第一定律：一切物体总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态，除非作用在它上面的力迫使它改变这种状态。
牛顿第二定律：物体的加速度跟作用力成正比，跟物体的质量成反比，加速度的方向跟作用力的方向相同。
F ＝ ma牛顿第三定律：两个物体之间的作用力和反作用力总是大小相等，方向相反，作用在同一条直线上。
高中地理必修一完整笔记整理有图
高中地理必修一完整笔记整理有图第一章从宇宙看地球第一节地球的宇宙环境一、地球在宇宙中的位置天体系统的层次由大到小是总星系、其他恒星世界、河外星系、银河系、其他行星系、太阳系、地月系（课本P4）。
太阳系中的一颗普通行星是地球（课本P6）。
二、太阳系中的一颗普通行星太阳系八大行星由近及远依次是水星、金星、地球、火星、（小行星带）、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。
八大行星可以分类为类地行星、巨行星和远日行星，根据其自身条件和外部条件（课本P8）。
地球处于安全稳定的宇宙环境，适宜的温度和大气条件，以及液态水的存在使得地球成为了存在生命的行星。
一、为地球提供能量太阳大气的成分主要是氢和氦，太阳辐射能量来源是核聚变反应。
太阳辐射能由赤道向两极递减。
太阳辐射能丰富区包括青藏高原区、西北内陆和典型城市拉萨，而太阳辐射能贫乏区包括四川盆地和典型城市成都。
太阳辐射对地球的影响包括提供光热资源、维持地表温度、促进水、大气和生物运动，以及成为煤、石油等矿物燃料的能源来源。
此外，太阳大气由里到外层包括光球层、色球层和日冕层，太阳活动的主要类型包括黑子、耀斑和太阳风，具有同向性、共面性和近圆性的特点。
三、存在生命的行星——地球上存在生命的原因太阳活动对地球的影响包括世界许多地区降水量的年际变化和黑子变化周期（11年）有一定的相关性、造成无线电短波通讯衰减或中断、扰动地球磁场、产生磁暴现象、两极地区产生极光、以及与地球上水旱灾害、地震等自然灾害的发生有关（课本P9）。
第二节、第三节地球自转和公转地球自转是围绕地轴自西向东转动，北极上空俯视为逆时针，南极上空为顺时针。
地球公转是在椭圆轨道上围绕太阳转动，自西向东，北极上空俯视为逆时针，运动速度线速度从赤道向两极递减，两极点为零，角速度除两极点外各地相等（15°∕h），远日点（每年7月初）速度慢，近日点（每年1月初）速度快（课本P10）。
地球的运动周期包括真正周期和昼夜交替周期。
高中数学笔记-4-数列(22页完)
高中数学笔记----------4-数列1基本概念：1.等差数列{a n }中:(1)a n =a+(n －1)d=a m +(n －m)d; p+q=m+n ⇒ a p +a q =a m +a n .(2)a 1+a 2+…+a m , a k +a k+1+…+a k+m －1,…仍成等差数列.(3)a p =q,a q =p (p ≠q) ⇒ a p+q =0; S p =q,S q =p (p ≠q) ⇒ S p+q =－(p+q); S m+n =S m +S n +mndd3.(2)②4.(1)(2)(3)(4)5.(1), I 2III ；1，3，6，10，15，------ 则该数列 a n =n （n+1）2=C 2n+1；S n =n （n+1）（n+2）6=C 3n+2(2)分组求和法: 在直接运用公式法求和有困难时,常将"和式"中"同类项"先合并在一起,再运用公式法求和.(3)倒序相加法: 在数列求和中,若和式中到首尾距离相等的两项和有其共性,则常考虑选用倒序相加法,发挥其共性的作用求和.(4)错位相减法: 如果数列的通项是由一个等差数列的通项与一个等比数列通项相乘构成,那么常选用错位相减法,将其和转化为"一个新的等比数列的和"求解".(5)裂项相消法: 如果数列的通项可"分裂成两项差"的形式,且相邻项分裂后相关联,那么常选用裂项相消法求和,常用裂项形式有: ①111=-②1111()=-111)1(1121+-=+=+=-+n nn n nn a a n n ；a n+1+=a n +=…….a 1+1=1.5；然后即可求得通项类型2 n n a n f a )(1=+ （ 累乘法） 解法：把原递推公式转化为)(1n f a a nn =+，利用累乘法(逐商相乘法)求解。
例2:已知数列{}n a 满足321=a ，n n a n n a 11+=+，求n a 。
61《老子》四章笔记2024-2025学年高中语文选择性必修上册
61《<老子>四章》备课笔记20242025学年统编高二语文选择性必修上册参考资料老子的时代是什么时代？应该是人类的童年时代吧？从野蛮状态走出来才几百年，文字的成熟也才几百年。
可他已经是“老子”而不是“孩子”了。
——鲍鹏山一、有关老子的名言1 祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏。
2 上善若水，水善利万物而不争。
3 治大国如烹小鲜。
4 天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚。
5 金玉满堂，莫之能守；富贵而骄，身遗其咎。
6 不自见，故明；不自是，故彰；不自9伐，故有功；不自矜，故长。
夫惟不争，故天下莫能与之争。
7 天网恢恢，疏而不失。
8 天道无亲，常与善人。
9 民不畏死，奈何以死惧之。
10 我有三宝，持而保之:一曰慈，二曰俭，三曰不敢为天下先。
11 天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。
12 挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘。
二、有关老子的对联1 能知彼智；难及其愚。
（湖南·向春林）2 仲尼曾兴犹龙叹；尹喜请留道德篇。
（西安八仙宫）3 立教开宗，道法天然，紫气东来三万里；著书讲学，德行地脉，青牛西度五千言。
（河南·徐继明）三、有关老子之名老子为什么叫“老子”？司马迁在《史记·老子韩非列传》中有这样三种说法:一，老子即楚国的老莱子。
老莱子与孔子同时，著书十五篇，阐述的也是道家思想。
二，是因为老子长寿。
据说老子活了一百六十多岁，也有的人说他甚至活了二百多岁。
三，老子即周太史儋。
但司马迁也说:“世莫知其然否。
老子，隐君子也。
”他的每一种说法之前都有“或曰”两个字，可见老子其人真的是神龙不见首尾，有关“老子”来历，以太史公之博学，也不好确定。
而近代古文字学家唐兰先生认为，老子之“老”是其姓氏，而“子”则是敬称。
陈独秀、马叙伦、郭沫若等人也有类似说法。
学者高亨考证后也有这样的说法，他认为老子名李耳的说法是后世附加，李姓起源较晚，春秋之时，尚无李姓。
老子名“老聃”，称“老子”而非“李子”即为明证。
高中数学笔记总结【高一至高三_很全】
高中数学第一章-集合①任何一个集合是它本身的子集，记为 A A ；③空集是任何非空集合的真子集；如果A B ，同时B A，那么 A = B.如果A B，B C，那么A C .Z ={全体整数} （×）s A= {0}）3. ①{（x，y）| xy =0，x∈R，y∈R}坐标轴上的点集.②{（x，y）| xy＜0，x∈R，y∈R 二、四象限的点集.③{（x，y）| xy＞0，x∈R，y∈R} 一、三象限的点集.4. ①n 个元素的子集有2n 个. ②n个元素的真子集有2n③n 个元素的非空真子集有2n－2 个.. 否命题逆命题.. 原命题逆否命题.②x 1且y 2，x y 3,故补：C U A { x U ,且x A}（2）等价关系： A B0)的解可以根据各区间的符号确单是简命题；的命题结词叫做逻些词“或”、“且”、“非”这辑联结词；不含有逻辑联由简单命题和逻辑联结词“或”、“且”、“非”构成的命题是复合命题。
（2）“p 且q”形式复合命题当P 与q 同为真时为真，其他情况时为假；（3）“p 或q”形式复合命题当p 与q 同为假时为否命题若┐p则┐q假，其他情况时为真．( 原命题逆否命题)高中数学第二章-函数要点§02. 函数知识函数三要素是定义域，对应法则和值域，而定义域和对应法则是起决定作用的要素，因为这二者确定后，值域也就相应得到确定，因此只有定义域和对应法则二者完全相同的函数才是同一函数.y=f(x)的单调区间.此时也说函数是这一区间上的单调函数（2）f ( x)f ( x) 4．如果 f ( x)是偶函数，则f (| x |) ，反之亦成立。
时有意义，则⑴偶函数： f ( x) f ( x)a,b ）也是图象上一点.②满足 f ( x) f (x) ，或 f ( x) f ( x) 0 ，若 f ( x) 0时，⑵奇函数： f ( x)a, b ）也是图象上一点.。
(完整)人教版高中英语必修1~5、选修6笔记
English NotesBook 1Unit 11.do a survey（调查） surveysadd up 合计；加起来 add up to 总计达；总共有（多少）add A to B 给B加上A add to 增添；增加2.ignore ignorant（adj.） ignorance(n.)be ignorant of=be in ignorance=ignoretake no notice of/pay no attention to3.calm:形容水面平静 calm(them/it/....)downquite:不要吵闹，使环境安静下来still:一动不动 silent:沉默4.have got to=have to/must Have you got to...?haven’got to;don’t have to5.be concerned about/for=be worried aboutbe concerned with 与...有关；涉及as far as sb is concerned=in one’s opinion 我认为6.go through=experience7.set down=write down set up=build8.a TV series 电视剧9.be outdoors(≠indoors) in the open air10.spellbound adj. 入迷的11.on purpose 故意 do sth on purposedo sth with/for the purpose of 怀着...的目的by chance/accident 偶然12.in order to/to/so as to+do （不可位于句首）为了（表目的）in order not to do13.at dusk ≠at dawnthundering adj. 雷鸣般的entirely= completely14.be good to;be bad to;be+adj.+topoint 分数；point to 指向；point at 指着15.not...until 直到...才 until/till 直到get it repaired get sth done 让...被做=have sth doneupset sb 使...不安16.cheat in the exam 作弊 cheat sb 欺骗某人 cheat sb(out)of sth 骗某人某物 cheat sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事17.should have done 本来应该做某事（而实际没做，含有责备的意味）should not have done本来不该做某事（而实际已做）18.make a list of 列清单在单上:on the listreason n. 理由，原因（1）构成句型 The reason why ...is that ...（2）构成短语the reason for sth/to do和for the(some)reasonThere’s no reason for that.那事没有什么理由19.feeling感到 feelings 情感be afraid to do sth 害怕去做... be afraid of doing 害怕某事发生/sb/sth20.hide:hide-and-hide 捉迷藏hide away (1)躲藏 hide away in the forest (2)藏 hide away sth;hide sth away21.It is...(被强调)that...be/get/grow crazy about 对...狂热be crazy to do sth 做某事是不理智的22.do with 与...有联系处理=deal with区别：do with→what deal with→howhave something to with与...有些关系=be concerned withhave a lot to do with 与...有很大关系have nothing to do with 与...没有关系23.there was a time 有一段...的时间there was a time when 这/那时发生了...24.take along 随身携带by oneself独自；靠自己25.far+adj./adv./比较级（加深程度）much too+adj. too much+不可数名词26.happen to 碰巧 sb happen to do sthIt happens/happened+that clause27.dare( 用法跟need相似)(1)情态动词，常用于否定句（dare not）疑问句（dare提前）(2)实意动词，后常与不定式连用，但在dares,dared后或是在否定句中的to可以省略(3)I dare say. 我想，我以为=as far as I'm concerned28.It/This is the first/second...time that+主语+have/has doneIt/This was the first/second/third...time+主语+had done29.Look...through...透过...看... look through 浏览It's no pleasure/use doing 做...没乐趣30.face to face面对面地（在句中作状语）face-to-face面对面的（作定语）类似的还有 heart to heart 坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地back to back 背对背地step by step side by side one by one arm in arm31.suffer:vt. Suffer sth ,sth常是痛苦pain,损失loss,疾病，饥饿，寒冷vi.(1)sb suffer(s)(2)suffer from...加上具体的疾病或不幸事物的名称，意为患有（疾病），为...所苦32.recover vt. Recover sth (strength)恢复... recover oneself 清醒过来，恢复将康 vi. Sb recover(from illnesse/loss) 某人（从...中）恢复过来33.gossip aboutget/be tired of sb/sth/doingbe tired out 精疲力尽Unit 2ter adj. 晚来的（late的比较级） adv. 后来地latter adj. （位置上后面的） the latter (one) the former (one)2.even if=even though 是连词词组，用来引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管、即使”，表转折：though,although,but3.I’d like sth4.That child come up to me. Come up to vi.走近come up 被提出 come up with 想出，发现 come across 偶然遇到 come ture 实现5.over+时间 over the pass years over class/work6.actually=in fact=as a matter of fact7.be based on 以...为根据base A on B A be based on B被动base还可以用作名词，意为“底部，基础” at the base of8.present 当前的，现在的（作前置定语） adj. the present situationpresent做adj.还有“出席的”的意思at present;now;at this time;at this moment9.make(good/full/no....)use of 使用Every minute should be made good use of.make up 编写，编造，和解 make-up 化妆 make up of 由...构成10.the number of/a number of 从意义上判断the number of “...的数目”，接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数a number of 许多，大量（后接复数名词），谓语动词用复数a great/large/small number of11.be fluent in12.such as&for example全部列举 that is/namelyfor example:一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，与所给例子用逗号隔开13.The job was done. The job was difficult.The job(which/that was)done was difficult.14.standard(1)adj. 标准的，第一流的 standard side(2)n. 标准，水准，规范（可数）reach/meet standard 符合标准 on a standard 根据某一标准15.no such thing as...没有...这一回事such...as...像...一样，诸如...之类的 such that 如此...以致16.expect sb to do sth sb be expected to do sthexpect+that从句认为/预想... expect sb/sthsb expect to do sth 某人希望做某事I expect so.我想是这样 I expect not. I don’t expect so.17.play a part(role)in(1)参加某运动=take part in play an active part(2)对某事有影响，对某事起作用18.recognize辨认，认出 recognize his voise承认，公认recognize sth/sb as sth/sb19.way to do way of doing(in)the way ...的方，...的方式(in)the way+that从句(in)the way+in which 从句(in)the way+从句mand (1)命令（2）vt. command sb (not)to docommand that sb (should)do 命令某人（不）做某事21.request(1)n.请求（2）vt. request sth (from sb)请求（从某人）得到某物 request sb (not) to do sth 请求某人（不做）某事 request that sb (should) do 请求...Unit 31.transport 作n.时，意思还有“（旅客或货物）运输”、运送等 vt.意为“运输，运送（货物，人，物等）”transport sb/sth to swh2.prefer (preferred,preferring)prefer sth (to sth)prefer doing sth=prefer to do sthprefer not to do sthprefer doing sth to doing sthprefer to do sth rather than do sthprefer sb (not) to do sth 宁愿某人做某事perfer that sb (should) do 宁愿，更喜欢3.dream n. V. Dreamed/dreamtdream a ... dream(vt.)dream of/about sth (vi)梦见，梦想dream that ...4.persuade vt. 说服；劝服persuade sb (not) to do sth =sb out of doing sthpersuade sb into doing sthpersuade sb(of sth) 使某人相信（某事）persuade sb that+从句persuade暗示是成功的，如果“劝说”未成功，则不能用，用advise5.get/make+宾语+宾语补足语（-ing/done/to do/adj.）6.finally,at last,in the end的区别：《学案》Finally强调活动过程的最后7.It is /was ...（被强调部分）that/who+剩余部分【be动词固定，that/who】8.on schedule=on time 准时，按照计划ahead of schedule 先于预定时间 behind scheduleschedule v 安排，计划，预定9.insist:坚持认为，坚持主张insist on/upon doing sth 坚持做insist that 坚持说insist that sb (should) do sth 坚持主张，坚持要求insist on one’s doing其他感官动词用法跟see一样：look at,hear,listen to,watch,notice,feel,observe 10.care about;be concerned about 忧虑，关心care for sb/sth like look after 喜欢，照顾care n. take care, take care of with care 小心地 adv.11.sb find it +adj. to do sthsth be familial to sbbe familialwith 熟悉12.determined adj. 坚决的，有决心的be determined to do sthdetermine v. 决心，下定决心，确定1）determine to do sth 2)determine+从句13.change one’s mind make up one’s mind to dokeep/bear ...in mind记住 read one’s mind 直言不讳give/put one’s mind on 专心于mind doing mind one’s doing14.sth +be +adj.+ to +动15.give in to 向...屈服 give sth on 上交 give up 放弃，戒掉give up sth /give up doing sth16.reliable adj. 可靠的 rely vi. rely on17.encourageencourage sb to do sth encourage sb in sthencouraging(adj.) encouraged(adj.) encouragementdiscourage vt. discourage sb from doing sth18.view n.[c]自然美景，风景[u]视野，视域in view adv.看得见 There is no one in view.[u]观点，见解 in one’s view=in one’s opinionone’s view(s) on/about其他搭配：get/have a good view of sth 对sth一览无余19.find it +形+to do sthfunny 滑稽的 do sth for funhave fun=enjoy oneself=have a good timemake fun of sb=laugh at sbget changed 换好衣服 get dressed 穿上衣服change可做名词，做“零钱”讲change A for B20.be putput up①举起，拾起=raise②挂起，张贴③建造，搭起=build④提供住宿put sb up 21.in company with 陪伴某人lay 下蛋 lie-lied 说谎22.give in (sth to sb) give up 放弃，认输 give out 精疲力尽，分配give away 捐赠，泄漏 give off 发出光、气味23put up our tent put away 把...收起来，存放put back 放回原处 put one’s heart to 全神贯注于put down 放下，写下，镇压 put out 扑灭，伸出put an end to 使...结束24.At first...,and then...The former...,the latter...The one...,the other(one)...Unit 41.trip:指带有目的的旅行例如：business tripvoyage:指航空，航海2.attitude towards sth/doing sth 关于...态度3.burst n. a burst of laughter/applauseburst into+n.≠burst out+doing... 突然...起来burst into tears/laughter4.as if=as though1)as if 似乎，好像 2）as if 在表语从句中=that5.be at an end=come to an end 结束by the end of 直到...的最后（完成时）put an end to(介词)+n./doing 结束sth6.believe sb 相信某人所说的话 believe in sb =trust7.shock n. 打击，震惊，震动 a shock to sbVt.使震惊，使惊愕 shocking adj. shocked be shocked to sb8.trap vt. trapped trapped 困住，陷入绝境u.陷阱 set a trap (for) 设...陷阱fall into a trap 掉入陷阱，be caught in a trap 中了圈套trapped adj. 被困住的 a trapped persontrap sb into doing last for 持续...9.all...not...=not all...部分否定当all,both及every的合成词与not连用时，表部分否定完全否定要用no,never,nowhere,nore(单数，复数都行)，neither,nothing,nobody等10.bury (vt.) A.埋藏，埋葬B.蒙住陷入...；专心于...be buried in/bury oneself inThe+adj. 表一类人或物（复数意义）11.to:在境外，表方向 in:在境内，表范围内 on:与境界相壤12.ruin借喻 destroy 彻底毁坏，很难完全修复 damage 价值、用途降低或外表损坏13.give one’s congratulations to sb (for sth)congratulate sb on sth14.judging from/by (句首) 从...判断 judge the case15.be proud of proudly(adv.) prise(n.)be proud to do sth be proud that...take prise in sth /doing sth16.honour 1)v. honour sb (with sth) 2)n. show honour to sb 向...表示敬意 an honour to ... 对...是光荣的人或事It’s one’s honour to do sth my thanks to sb for sthUnit 51.generously ①慷慨的，大方的 +doing sth/with sthbe generous to sb with sth ②宽宏大量的，宽厚的+to sb2.devote vt.致力于，专心从事devote oneself / one’s energy(time,effort,money)to(介词)sth/doing sth把...专于devote adj.①深爱的②投入的或be devoted to sb/sth 专心致力于... to是介词3.found（组织）建筑 build founder foundation 基础found (founded,founded) the foundation ofmankind前无冠词，不可数名词guidance (n.) guide(v.)4.legal adj. legally agv. 反义词illegal①与法律有关的a legal adviser ②合法的 be legal to do sthfee (vs) fare be hopeful about sth5.youth ①v. 青年时期②c. 年轻人③ the youth 复数含义violence violentblow up the balloon/bridge6.be willing to do sth 反：unwillinga strong will 很强的意志力 be willing to do sth 愿意做某事Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成（地点状语从句）at will 任意地，随意地receive 收到 accept 接受 fairly 相当地=very7.turn to 介词短语①求助于，转向 turn to sb for helpturn down 把（音量）调低 turn up 出现8.fight ① n. 打架，战斗② v. fight for 为...而战fight against 与...作斗争 fight with 同...并肩作战9.prison 表示蹲监狱时，其前面不用冠词 be in prison 在狱中，被监禁（状态）反：be out of prison 出狱put ...in prison=send...to prison(动作)=throw...to prison类似：bed,church,class,college,hospital,school,university,marketbe ...away 有...远（指距离，时间）10.as...as+主语+can /could=as...as+possible某些动词（see,find,witness）等“见证，目睹”主语有时不是人而是物、时间、地点拟人用法，使句子生动11.stage ①阶段，时期（at,in）②舞台（on）stage 阶段，时期 situation:形容情况（强调周围环境）in the ___position:位置，形势（强调人的立场）in the ___case: in the ___11.reward for (doing) sth （做）某事的报酬/奖励a reward for ... a reward of +具体的钱数reward sb for (doing) sth v. reward sb with sth13.trouble Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.out of trouble have trouble (in) doing sth/with sth14.lose one’s heart to sb 爱上，喜欢上lose one’s weight lose one’s way15.imagine+( one’s)doingshould do 应该做 should have done 本应该...16.asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的” fall asleepbe asleep sleep是动词或名词，意为“睡觉”sleeepy是形容词，意为“困乏的，欲睡的”stop(prevent/keep) sb (from) doing sth =sb be stopped(prevented/kept) from doing sth17.degree:n ①学位：get a degree ②度，度数 10 degrees ③程度，等级18.强调： do,does,did后面的动词要原形be in power 当权，执政（状态）the first time 引导时间状语从句，“第一次...”（类似用法：the last time,the moment,the minttue,every time...） for the first time 第一次19.reward n. 报酬，奖金 award n. 奖品，奖项 award sb sthin reward 作为报酬/答 get nothing in rewardvt.酬谢，给人报答 reward sb with sth /for (doing) sthBook 2Unit 1 Cultural relics1、He insists it belongs to his family.他坚持说这是他家的。
高中数学笔记(全部版)
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