倒装和省略

no case (决不)，at no time (在任何时候都不)等。
此题空前的句首部分是否定的副词短语，因此，此题需要部分倒装。因此，首先可
排除 B 项和 C 项；由于“得到工作”是一过去行为，而“以前从未如此高兴”说的是过去的
过去情况，所以，句子的时态应为过去完成时。这样，就只有 D 项合乎要求了。
—______. Let’s stop here for a rest. (1985 NMET)
A．Neither am I
B．Neither can I
C．I don’t think so
D．I think so
答案：B
在表示某人某事或某种情况与前面提到的相同这一概念时，英语中通常用
“so/neither/nor＋be/have 助动词/情态动词＋主语”句型。其意思是：乙（与甲一样）也是
例1．Look, ________ (1996 NMET)
A．here the bus come
B．the bus comes here
C．here comes the bus
D．comes here the bus
答案：C
例2．—Where is she?
—Look, _____. She is at the school gate.
A．there is she
B．here is she
C．she there is
D．there she is
答案：D
在以 put/in/down/up/away 或 now/then/here/there 等开头的句子中，主语和谓语通常
完全倒装。但主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语动词语序不变，其中除 then 开头的句子用
但直接引语后若用代词注明说话者，主语和谓语一般要部分倒装，即“…”sb. says/said。
如：“Who is paying?”shouted the fat woman at the corner.“You are”, I answered.“谁付钱？”
拐角处的胖女人大声嚷道。“你付。源自文库我答道。
复习策略
一、倒装
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在句子之前，就叫
倒装结构。如果全部谓语动词放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词
放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
（一）全部倒装
There at the door stood a girl about the same height as mine. 在门口站着一个同我一样高的女孩。
为了避免头重脚轻，英语中常常将作表语用的不定式/形容词/分词及后面的部分移 至句首，使之形成“表语部分＋适当形式的 be＋主语”的完全倒装。
例句中主语为 Professor White，其后还跟了个非限定性定语从句，根据定语从句要 紧跟先行词的这一用法，若按照规定句型表述，主语和谓语之间就因隔太远而显得不够 紧凑。 Ex．______, in which they had come to the island. A．Two small boats were nearby B．Nearby were two small boats C．Nearby two small boats were there D．There nearby were two small boats 答案：B 例4．Before dark, we arrived at a small town, east of which ______. A．there lies a big farm B．lies a big farm C．a big farm lies there D．does a big farm lie 答案：B
如此。但当答句中主语未变，且仅表重复或附和时，英语中通常用“so sb. do /be/助动词/
情态动词”句型。其意思是：甲的确如此。
例（1）上文是在夸奖第三者，且第一空中主语与上文的主语没变，只能用表附和
的语气应答，即 so he has; 第二空中主语变了，根据对话意义连贯性原则，应是乙方对
甲方的夸奖，答语应为 so have you 因此，只有 B 项符合要求。
选 A 项者只知道它是倒装结构，但忽略了句子的时态对应；选 B 项和 C 项者只考
虑了句子的意思，而忽略了它的结构。考生以后看到以否定意义副词或短语开头的句子
时，还应注意其语序和时态。
例2．_______ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had
一般过去时外，其余一般用一般现在时表现现在进行时。
Ex 1．_____and _______.
A．Down came the hammer; out flew the sparks
B．Down came the hammer; out the sparks flew
C．Down the hammer came; out the sparks flew
例（2）上文表示否定意义，根据下文“让我们停下来歇会儿”的语境推测，应答者
是想表达“我也走不动了”的意思。A 项中，助动词 am 同上文中的 can walk 不一致；I don’t
think so 表“我认为你走不动了”之意，似答非所问；I think so 则表示“我想你走得动”，与
紧随其后的“让我们停下来歇会儿”之意相矛盾。因此，只有 B 项符合题意。
a picnic in the forest.(2004上海，41)
A．Not only they brought
（二）部分倒装
例1．I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _____ so happy. (2000北京春
季，22）
A．did I feel
B．I felt
C．I had felt
D．had I felt
答案：D
含有否定意义的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子的主谓结构要部分倒装。若句子
D．Were such my brothers
答案：B
such 通常用于：
such＋be＋n.句型中作代词，指代其后作主语的名词，be 动词的人称和数须与主语
一致。
Ex．Such _______ Nick and such ______ his words.
A．was; was
B．were; were
1．倒装具有客观性。即倒装是因为约定俗成的。 例如：当人们见面时，一般都说“How are you?”而不说“You are how?”。这种倒装是
不以人的主观意志而改变的。
2．倒装具有主观性。即倒装可因说话者表达的需要而形成。例如：人们可以说“The students didn’t begin the experiment until their teacher had explained how.”也可说“Not until their teacher had explained how did the students begin the experiment.”但后者明显突出了学 生晚做实验这一信息。
为了表示强调，英语中有时会将表方位或地点的状语提到句首而形成“方位＋不及 物动词（一般现在时/一般过去时）＋名词”完全倒装句型。
east of which 是一个表方位的短语，从句中的主语是 a big farm。若选 A，there 就多 余了；若选 C 和 D，不符合习惯表达。只有 B 项符合习惯表达。
Ex.1．She is not fond of cooking, ________.
A．so am I
B．neither I do
C．neither do I
D．neither am I
答案：D
2．—John won the first prize in the contest.
—_______.
A．So he did
若考生选 A，则认为 there lies a big farm 也是一个倒装句型；若考生选 C，则认为 a big farm lies there 是一个规范的主谓结构；若考生选 D，则认为 does a big farm lie 是一 个部分倒装句型。但今后若碰到方位词在句首，且动词是不及物动词，而主语又是名词 时，脑子里应有全部倒装的概念。 Ex．On one side of Tian An Men Square ______. A． the Great Hall of the People stands B．does the Great Hall of the People stand C．stands the Great Hall of the People D．there the Great Hall of the People stands 答案：C 例5．—David has made great progress recently. —______, and ______. (1997上海，27） A．So he has; so you have B．So he has; so have you C．So has he; so have you D．So has he; so you have 答案：B 例6．—I don’t think I can walk any further.
B．So did he
C．So he did, too
D．So did he, too
答案：A
例7．________, too naughty but clever boys.
A．My brothers were such
B．Such were my brothers
C．Such my brothers were
D．The hammer came down; out flew the sparks
答案：A
2．As soon as the boy pushed the door open, ______.
A．the boy rushed out
B．out the boy rushed
C．out he rushed
D．out rushed he
答案：C
例3．________, who came from Australia.
A．At the meeting present was Professor White
B．Professor White was present at the meeting C．At the meeting Professor White was present D．Present at the meeting was Professor White 答案：D
的谓语是由两部分或两部分以上组成的，只需将助动词或第一助动词提到主语前面即
可；若句子的谓语是由一部分组成的，此时则需要借助于助动词 do 倒装，do 体现谓语
动词的时态和人称；若句子谓语动词是单个 be 的相关形式，则直接将该 be 置于主语之
前即可。（以下部分倒装方法皆同）
此类副词和介词短语主要有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little, by no means, in
C．was; were
D．were; was
答案：C
例8．“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob, ______ out of the window.
A．looking
B．to look
C．looked
D．having looked
答案：A
直接引语后若用名词注明说话者，主语和谓语一般要全部倒装，即“…”says/said sb;
此句中的主语是 a girl，其前的 stood 是谓语。主语和谓语的位置完全颠倒了。
Little did he care about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. 尽管他本人身处险境，却不顾及自己的安全。
此句中的主语是 he, 谓语是 did 和 care, 主语和谓语被部分倒装了。 要掌握倒装结构的用法，必须弄清倒装的如下特征：