翻译理论简答题汇编(可编辑修改word版)

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翻译理论复习题

Part I Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks1. 我国的翻译事业有约两千年的光辉灿烂历史。

从现有史料的记载看，翻译活动始于夏商两代。

2. 到了周代，因为异族杂居，翻译活动才逐渐频繁起来。

3. 佛经的翻译始于西汉哀帝刘欣时代，较大规模的翻译是在东汉桓帝建和二年开始的。

4. 安世高是安息人，他翻译了《安般守意经》等三十多部佛经。

5. 支娄迦谶译笔生硬，不易看懂，从此，大概就有了直译和意译这一问题。

6. 佛经翻译很有名的人是支娄迦谶、支亮、支谦，他们三人号称“三支”。

7. 月支派里还出现了一个名叫竺法护的大翻译家，他对佛法流传贡献很大。

8. 到了符秦时代，在释道安的主持下设置了译场，翻译事业从此从民间私人事业发展成为有组织的活动。

9. 释道安主张严格的直译，因此在他主持下翻译的《鞞婆沙》便是一字一句地翻译下来的。

10. 鸠摩罗什是天竺人，他主张意译，并提倡署名。

11. 到南北朝时，应梁武帝之聘，一个名叫真谛的印度佛教学者来到中国，他翻译的《摄大乘论》对中国佛教思想有较大影响。

12. 从隋代(公元五九O年)起到唐代，是我国翻译事业高度发达的时期。

13. 隋代历史较短，译者和译经都不多，其中有释彦琮，梵文造诣很深，他为佛经翻译者提出了八条必须具备的条件，即“八备十条说”。

14. 古代翻译界的巨星玄奘、鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛教三大翻译家。

15. 玄奘在唐太宗贞观二年出发去印度求经．十七年后才回国。

16. 玄奘不但把佛经由梵文译成汉文，而且把老子著作的一部分译成梵文，成为第一个把汉文著作向国外介绍的中国人。

17. 明代的徐光启和意大利人利玛窦合作，翻译了欧几里得的《几何原本》的前六卷、《测量法义》等书。

18. 1857年，李善兰与英国人伟烈亚力对欧几里得的《几何原本》的后九卷的翻译使几乎中断近二百年的科技翻译又延续下来。

翻译理论知识

《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲一、翻译定义：1. 张培基——翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

3. 刘宓庆——翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。

4. 王克非——翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。

5. 泰特勒——好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。

6. 费道罗夫——翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容与形式不可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。

7. 卡特福德——翻译的定义也可以这样说：把一种语言（Source Language）中的篇章材料用另一种语言（Target Language）中的篇章材料来加以代替。

8.奈达——翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语信息最切近的自然对等物，首先就意义而言，其次就是文体而言。

“Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”---Eugene Nida纽马克——通常（虽然不能说总是如此），翻译就是把一个文本的意义按作者所想的方式移译入另一种文字（语言）。

“Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language.”--- Peter Newmark10. “Translation is the expression in one language (or target language译入语) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.”--- Dubois12. 13.Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text.二、翻译标准1. 翻译的标准概括为言简意赅的四个字：“忠实（faithfulness）、通顺（smoothness）”。

翻译理论学习知识.docx

《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲一、翻译定义：1.张培基——翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

3.刘宓庆——翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。

4.王克非——翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。

5.泰特勒——好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。

6.费道罗夫——翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容与形式不可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。

7. 卡特福德——翻译的定义也可以这样说：把一种语言（Source Language）中的篇章材料用另一种语言（Target Language）中的篇章材料来加以代替。

8.奈达——翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语信息最切近的自然对等物，首先就意义而言，其次就是文体而言。

“ Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” ---Eugene Nida纽马克——通常（虽然不能说总是如此），翻译就是把一个文本的意义按作者所想的方式移译入另一种文字（语言）。

“ Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language”. --- Peter Newmark10. “ Translation is the expression in one language (or target language 译入语 ) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.” --- Dubois12.13.Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text.二、翻译标准1.翻译的标准概括为言简意赅的四个字：“忠实（faithfulness）、通顺（ smoothness）”。

翻译概论的期末试题及答案

翻译概论的期末试题及答案一、选择题1. 下列哪项不是翻译的定义？A. 将一种语言文字转化为另一种语言文字B. 将一种语言口语转化为另一种语言文字C. 将一种语言文字进行解释和表达D. 将一种语言文字进行意译和转换答案：B2. 翻译的目的是什么？A. 传达信息B. 提高译者的语言能力C. 增进不同文化之间的理解D. 推广翻译行业的发展答案：A、C3. 下列哪项不是翻译的类型？A. 文学翻译B. 口译翻译C. 法律翻译D. 机器翻译答案：D二、简答题1. 请简述翻译的基本原则。

答案：翻译的基本原则包括准确性、流畅性、目标语言的习惯表达和忠实传达原意。

准确性指翻译要准确传达原文的意义；流畅性指翻译要顺畅易读，符合目标语言的语法和表达习惯；目标语言的习惯表达指翻译要符合目标语言的表达习惯，避免直译和生硬的翻译；忠实传达原意指翻译要忠实于原文的意思，不添加、删除或曲解原文的内容。

2. 解释语言转换和意译的概念，并举例说明。

答案：语言转换是指将一种语言文字转化为另一种语言文字的过程。

它可以通过直译和意译两种方式实现。

直译是指将原文的词语和句子直接翻译为目标语言的词语和句子，保持原文句法和词汇的结构。

例如，将中文句子“我喜欢吃水果”直译为英文句子“I like to eat fruits”。

意译是指在翻译过程中根据语境和意义的需要对原文进行转换和调整，以达到更好的表达效果。

例如，将英文句子“Actions speak louder than words”意译为中文句子“事实胜于雄辩”。

三、论述题请根据你在学习《翻译概论》课程中的所学内容，从以下几个方面论述翻译的重要性及对于促进跨文化交流的作用。

1. 桥梁作用：翻译作为不同语言和文化之间的桥梁，使得各种信息能够跨越语言边界和文化障碍进行传播和交流。

翻译可以促进不同文化之间的相互理解和交流，使得人们能够更加平等地参与全球化进程。

2. 促进文化传播：翻译能够将一国的文化表达转化为其他语言并传播出去，使得其他国家的人们能够了解和接触到不同的文化。

翻译概论简答题

1.形合：指从属的语言单位用关联词语与主要的语言单位相结合。

意合：指从属的语言单位不用从属连接词语而用话语意义的配合与主要语言单位相结合。

例如:“他病了, 没来” 中的“他病了”本是一个原因从句, 但这里不用表原因的从属连词“因为” ,而是由前后分句的意合而产生偏正关系简言之,“形合”是指借助语言形式手段实现词语或句子的连接;“意合”是指不借助语言形式手段而借助词语或句子所含意义的逻辑联系来实现它们之间的连接。

前者注重语言形式上的衔接(cohesion), 后者注重行文意义上的连贯(coherence)。

英语和汉语在发音、构词、句法、修辞以及布局谋篇等方面都有各自的规律和特点, 两者之间虽不乏相通之处, 但也存在明显的差异。

英语作为音形合一的拼音文字, 在选词造句、组织篇章等方面都表现出注重语言形式上的衔接, 即重形合。

汉语作为音形分离的表义文字, 在造句、谋篇时较少使用或者根本不用形式词, 而是依据语义或语句间的逻辑关系来实现连贯, 即重意合。

英语是一种非常强调外在逻辑形式的文字, 从句法到篇章都强调演绎和推理。

而逻辑性也是西方传统思维模式的一大特征。

西方思维模式注重分析和实证, 在论证和推演中认识事物的本质和规律, 以逻辑和理性探索自然规律, 认为只有认识自然才能把握自然,因而强调天人对立、物我分离。

汉语结构灵活、形式多样、组合自由, 无主句也占了相当大的比重, 分句与分句之间、句与句之间少见逻辑关系词。

总而言之, 西方形式逻辑的思维模式客观上要求在表述逻辑关系时必须倚赖各种连接手段, 承上启下, 脉络清晰, 因而印欧语言具有形合的特征。

而汉民族重内省体悟,不重逻辑, 因而语言简约、意义模糊, 因而汉语表现出意合的特征东西方思维模式的差异揭示了英语和汉语中形合、意合的语言背景及文化根源, 了解这些有益于英汉互译操作,能够使译文既忠实于原文又优美顺畅, 符合目的语读者的思维习惯。

由于形合和意合的概念是英汉两种语言对比研究中找到的一组“最本质”、“最重要”的对应关系, 因此形合与意合成为“英汉句子互译之准绳” , 乃至在翻译中, 有人简单地认为英译汉就是省略一些连接词, 汉译英就是增添一些连接词, 这样必然造成翻译及理解上的失误。

《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)

《翻译理论与实践》30问（附答案）1 什么是翻译？翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。

翻译的过程不仅是语言转换过程，且是反映不同社会特征的文化转换过程。

翻译是科学，因为它有规律可循；是艺术，因为它是译者对原文进行再创造的过程；是技能，因为译文的信息需要用译语以恰当的方式再现。

2 翻译的可能性和局限性是什么？翻译的可能性，建立在文化的共性上，而局限性建立在文化的个性上。

文化是一种复杂概念，大致可分为三类：物质文化、制度文化和心理文化。

语言属制度文化，因为它由社会中的人创造，有其使用规律，为全社会的人共有。

人类在同一个地球上生活繁衍，不同国家不同民族的人民都拥有上述三种文化，它们的许多共同之处便是翻译的基础。

由于人类居住的生态环境有别，各国社会历史不完全相同，各国人民表情达意的手法也有差别，它们都是文化交流的障碍，有些障碍甚至不可逾越，这便是造成翻译局限性的原因。

3 翻译和其它学科有关系吗？翻译是一门博大精深的学问，但它和语言诸学科和文化诸学科的关系最密切。

由于翻译至少涉及两种文化和两种语言，是跨文化、跨语言的交际，运用语言或文化科学指导翻译实践时，均需将有关学科进行对比。

所以，译学是“百科学”和译者是“杂家”的比喻，是一点也不过分的。

4 译者应该具备哪些素养？译者应能较熟悉地运用原语和译语，通达人情世故，了解作者和读者的心理，尊重作者和读者，尽力是自己成为沟通他们心灵的桥梁；译者要能“忘我”，尽量再现作者的意图和风格，而不是用自己的风格取而代之；译者应谦虚、大度，热爱学习、锲而不舍，要有将人类创造的全部知识来丰富自己的决心。

译无涯，学无涯。

5 翻译的从属性和创造性是什么？翻译是在科学指导下的艺术活动，需要译者在透彻理解原文的基础上进行再创造，但创造的目的是再现原文的意义和功能，创造的原则是服从于原文，从属于原文。

译者在翻译时好比是走钢丝的杂技演员，无论如何随着音乐的节奏和旋律手舞足蹈或前滚后翻，始终不能离开脚下的钢丝。

翻译理论复习总结

翻译理论复习总结第一篇：翻译理论复习总结1.翻译的定义1.罗曼•雅克布逊Roman Jacobson: translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language.2.奈达（美国）Nida: translating consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.2、翻译的类型1、译原文作者为中心的翻译：author-centered translation；以译文读者为中心的翻译：reader-centered translation；2、提出者：罗曼·雅克布逊roman Jacobson：语内翻译intralingual translation、语际翻译interlingual translation、符际翻译intersemiotic translation3、翻译元素：翻译过程：translating 译作 A translation 译者translator4、西方的一些观点：1、泰勒tytler: the translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work;the style and manner should be of the same character with that of the original;the translation should have all the ease of original composition.2.be faithful to its spirit ,sense, and style;3.语义翻译semantic translation：纽马克newmark（英国）成名作《翻译研究途径》（Approaches to Translation,1981）中所提出的“语义翻译”与“交际翻译”之说在翻译教学与翻译研究界几乎人人皆知，至今仍有其理论价值与实践价值。

翻译理论简答题(DOC)

《实用翻译教程》习题库简答题第一章导论1.翻译课的目的是什么？2.决定翻译质量的因素有那些？3.翻译课的性质是什么?4.为什么学习翻译理论？5.实用翻译理论主要解决那些问题？Keys: 1.翻译课的目的就是培养和提高学生的实际翻译能力，也就是把原语所表达的信息材料，用译语重新表达出来，并达到较高的翻译质量。

2.外语水平.汉语水平.知识水平.工作态度3.翻译是技巧有时科学，进行翻译教学应该是有理论，又有实践，二者紧密结合。

也就是又讲理论，掌握翻译规律；又作大量练习，获得技能技巧。

4.翻译理论就是研究和探讨翻译固有的内在规律，发现翻译过程中经常出现的问题，并寻求解决途径。

翻译理论就是帮助翻译工作者了解翻译规律，解决翻译过程中遇到的各种困哪问题。

翻译理论的可贵在于它的实践性，在于用来指导翻译实践，提高翻译质量。

为提高翻译水平而学习，这就是学习翻译理论的目的。

5.性质问题.标准问题.翻译过程中遇到大的各种实际问题，分析这些问题产生的原因并提出解决办法，以提高翻译质量。

第二章什么是翻译6.人们交流思想有哪几种情况？7.解释语内交流.语际交流？8.翻译的目的和功能是什么？9.翻译的定义？Keys: 6.语内交流.语际交流.信息传播7.语内交流是指在同一语言内部进行的交流。

语际交流是指操不同语言的人.通过翻译进行的思想交流。

8.翻译是思想交流的桥梁（使不懂原语的人，能通过译文而懂得体现在原文信息中作者的思想.意图.观点和所不懂的思想感情）和接力(使原文信息能传播的更远，能传播到更多的人那里）这就是翻译是翻译的目的和功能。

9.翻译是人类交流思想过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁，使通晓不同语言的人能通过原文的重新表达而进行思想交流。

翻译是把一种语言（即原语）的信息用另一种语言（即译语）表达出来，使译文读者能得到原文作者所表达的思想，得到语原文读者大致相同的感受。

第三章翻译的性质10.写作的特点是什么？11.翻译的特点是什么？12.翻译过程中的困难有那些？13.翻译的两大通病是什么？Keys: 10.写作的特点可以概括为“心中有数，自己决定”。

(完整版)翻译理论简答题汇编

2.外语水平.汉语水平.知识水平.工作态度3.翻译是技巧有时科学，进行翻译教学应该是有理论，又有实践，二者紧密结合。

也就是又讲理论，掌握翻译规律；又作大量练习，获得技能技巧。

4.翻译理论就是研究和探讨翻译固有的内在规律，发现翻译过程中经常出现的问题，并寻求解决途径。

翻译理论就是帮助翻译工作者了解翻译规律，解决翻译过程中遇到的各种困哪问题。

翻译理论的可贵在于它的实践性，在于用来指导翻译实践，提高翻译质量。

为提高翻译水平而学习，这就是学习翻译理论的目的。

5.性质问题.标准问题.翻译过程中遇到大的各种实际问题，分析这些问题产生的原因并提出解决办法，以提高翻译质量。

语际交流是指操不同语言的人.通过翻译进行的思想交流。

9.翻译是人类交流思想过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁，使通晓不同语言的人能通过原文的重新表达而进行思想交流。

翻译是把一种语言（即原语）的信息用另一种语言（即译语）表达出来，使译文读者能得到原文作者所表达的思想，得到语原文读者大致相同的感受。

翻译学考试题

翻译学考试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译学研究的核心对象是什么？A. 语言学B. 文化学C. 翻译活动D. 交际学2. 翻译学中“等效性”的概念最早由哪位学者提出？A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 贝克D. 巴斯内特3. 以下哪位学者提出了“交际翻译”和“语义翻译”的区分？A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 贝克D. 巴斯内特4. 翻译中的“忠实性”原则主要强调的是：A. 形式的忠实B. 内容的忠实C. 风格的忠实D. 读者的忠实5. 翻译学中的“文化适应性”主要涉及哪些方面？A. 语言的适应B. 文化的适应C. 社会的适应D. 以上都是6. 翻译活动中的“创造性叛逆”是指：A. 完全按照原文翻译B. 在忠实原文的基础上进行创新C. 完全背离原文D. 只翻译原文的部分内容7. 翻译批评中“目的论”的提出者是：A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 贝克D. 巴斯内特8. 翻译中的“动态对等”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 贝克D. 巴斯内特9. 翻译学中的“功能主义”理论主要强调的是：A. 翻译的文学价值B. 翻译的交际功能C. 翻译的美学价值D. 翻译的教育功能10. 翻译学研究中“文化过滤”现象主要指的是：A. 翻译过程中对文化差异的忽视B. 翻译过程中对文化差异的过度强调C. 翻译过程中对源语言文化的筛选和调整D. 翻译过程中对目标语言文化的筛选和调整二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译学是一门研究_________的学科。

2. 翻译的过程可以看作是_________和_________的转换过程。

3. 翻译的“忠实性”原则要求翻译者在翻译时既要忠实于原文的_________，也要忠实于原文的_________。

4. 翻译学中的“文化适应性”要求翻译者在翻译时考虑目标语言文化的_________和_________。

5. 翻译批评中的“目的论”强调翻译活动应该以_________为导向。

翻译基本概念理论汇编

《翻译》课程理论汇编（基本概念）1.1 翻译的概念一般地，我们将翻译定义为：将一种语言（口语或笔语形式）（译出语）转换或创造为另一种语言（译入语）。

翻译是一种非常复杂的人类高级语言活动，这种活动的整个过程是很难以图示、语言等其他方式阐释清楚的。

不同领域、不同派别的学者对翻译有着不同的定义。

1.1.1 语言学家对翻译的定义语言学家将翻译视为一种语言活动，同时认为，翻译理论属于语言学的一个部分，即研究译出语和译入语的转换关系。

解释如下：（1）Catford（1965：20）认为，翻译是译出语和译入语间的文本等效转换。

（2）Nida 和Taber（1969：12）认为，翻译是译出语和译入语间意义和形式上的最紧密联系转换。

（3）Newmark（1982/1988：5）认为，翻译理论源自于比较语言学，属于语义学的一部分，而所有语义学的研究课题都与翻译理论息息相关。

1.1.2 文化角度对翻译的定义从文化角度来看，翻译不仅仅是语言符号的转换，同时是文化的交流，尤其是“文化间交流”。

通常我们把这一术语又改称为“文化间合作”或“跨文化交际”等。

Shuttleworth 和Cowie（1997：35）认为，与其说翻译是两种语言之间的符号转换，不如说是两种语言所代表的两种文化间的转换。

译者在处理涉及语言文化方面的译务工作时，认为任何一种语言中都饱含着其文化中的相关元素（比如：语言中的问候语、固定搭配等），任何文本都存在于特定的文化环境中，同时，由于各语言所代表的多元文化差异很大，语言间的转化和创造性生成模式千变万化。

Nida 认为，对于一个成功的翻译工作者而言，掌握两种文化比掌握两种语言更为重要，因为语言中的词汇只有在特定的语言文化环境中才能具有正确的、合乎文化背景的义项。

王佐良先生指出（1989），翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。

译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解自己民族的文化。

不仅如此，还要不断的将两种文化加以比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等等都是相当的。

翻译理论(最新整理)

翻译是一种非常复杂的人类高级语言活动，这种活动的整个过程是很难以图示、语言等其他方式阐释清楚的。

不同领域、不同派别的学者对翻译有着不同的定义。

1.1.1 语言学家对翻译的定义语言学家将翻译视为一种语言活动，同时认为，翻译理论属于语言学的一个部分，即研究译出语和译入语的转换关系。

解释如下：（1）Catford（1965：20）认为，翻译是译出语和译入语间的文本等效转换。

（2）Nida 和Taber（1969：12）认为，翻译是译出语和译入语间意义和形式上的最紧密联系转换。

（3）Newmark（1982/1988：5）认为，翻译理论源自于比较语言学，属于语义学的一部分，而所有语义学的研究课题都与翻译理论息息相关。

1.1.2 文化角度对翻译的定义从文化角度来看，翻译不仅仅是语言符号的转换，同时是文化的交流，尤其是“文化间交流”。

通常我们把这一术语又改称为“文化间合作”或“跨文化交际”等。

Shuttleworth 和Cowie（1997：35）认为，与其说翻译是两种语言之间的符号转换，不如说是两种语言所代表的两种文化间的转换。

王佐良先生指出（1989），翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。

译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解自己民族的文化。

不仅如此，还要不断的将两种文化加以比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等等都是相当的。

翻译考试题库及答案

翻译考试题库及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译中“直译”和“意译”的主要区别在于：A. 直译更注重原文的字面意思，意译更注重原文的深层含义B. 直译更注重原文的深层含义，意译更注重原文的字面意思C. 直译和意译没有区别，都是翻译方法D. 直译和意译是同一种翻译方法的不同称呼答案：A2. 在翻译过程中，遇到文化差异导致的障碍时，应采取的策略是：A. 直接忽略文化差异，按照原文直译B. 完全按照目标语言的文化习惯进行调整C. 寻找文化共性，进行适当的文化适应D. 保持原文不变，让读者自行理解答案：C3. 翻译中的“忠实性”原则指的是：A. 忠实于原文的字面意思B. 忠实于原文的风格和语气C. 忠实于原文的内容和形式D. 忠实于原文的作者意图答案：C4. 下列哪个选项不是翻译中的常见问题？A. 语言障碍B. 文化差异C. 技术限制D. 信息过载答案：D5. 翻译中“等效性”原则主要强调的是：A. 译文与原文在形式上的相似性B. 译文与原文在内容上的相似性C. 译文与原文在效果上的相似性D. 译文与原文在风格上的相似性答案：C6. 在翻译中，如何处理专业术语？A. 直接使用原文中的专业术语B. 根据目标语言的习惯进行适当调整C. 忽略专业术语，使用通用词汇替代D. 创造新的词汇来描述专业术语答案：B7. 翻译中的“动态对等”理论是由哪位学者提出的？A. 尤金·奈达B. 彼得·纽马克C. 约翰·卡特福德D. 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇答案：A8. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的双关语？A. 直接忽略B. 寻找目标语言中的对应双关语C. 保持原文不变，让读者自行理解D. 用注释的方式解释双关语的含义答案：B9. 翻译中的“功能对等”理论主要强调的是：A. 译文与原文在形式上的对等B. 译文与原文在功能上的对等C. 译文与原文在内容上的对等D. 译文与原文在风格上的对等答案：B10. 在翻译中，如何处理原文中的隐喻？A. 直接翻译成目标语言的字面意思B. 寻找目标语言中的对应隐喻C. 保持原文不变，让读者自行理解D. 用注释的方式解释隐喻的含义答案：B二、多选题（每题3分，共15分）11. 翻译中可能涉及的领域包括：A. 文学翻译B. 法律翻译C. 科技翻译D. 旅游翻译E. 以上都是答案：E12. 翻译中常见的错误类型包括：A. 语法错误B. 词汇错误C. 逻辑错误D. 风格错误E. 以上都是答案：E13. 翻译中常用的技巧包括：A. 增译B. 减译D. 直译E. 以上都是答案：E14. 翻译中可能遇到的挑战包括：A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 技术限制D. 个人偏好E. 以上都是答案：E15. 翻译中常用的工具包括：A. 词典B. 翻译软件D. 专业术语库E. 以上都是答案：E三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）16. 翻译是一种语言活动，与文化无关。

翻译专业考试题目和答案

翻译专业考试题目和答案****一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在翻译中，以下哪个选项不是直译的特点？A. 保持原文的字面意思B. 保持原文的修辞效果C. 保持原文的文化内涵D. 忽略原文的文化内涵答案：D2. 翻译中的“信、达、雅”是由哪位翻译家提出的？A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 傅雷D. 钱钟书答案：A3. 以下哪个术语不是翻译理论中的术语？A. EquivalenceB. TranslatabilityC. FidelityD. Hermeneutics答案：D4. 在翻译实践中，哪种类型的文本通常需要更多的创造性？A. 法律文件B. 技术手册C. 文学作品D. 新闻报道答案：C5. 翻译中的“忠实性”原则主要指的是什么？A. 忠实于原文的内容B. 忠实于原文的风格C. 忠实于原文的文化背景D. 所有以上选项答案：D6. 以下哪个选项不是翻译过程中可能遇到的问题？A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 个人偏好D. 语法规则的一致性答案：D7. 在翻译中，如何处理专业术语？A. 直接使用源语言的术语B. 查找对应的目标语言术语C. 创造新的术语D. 忽略专业术语答案：B8. 翻译中的“动态对等”是由哪位学者提出的？A. NidaB. CatfordC. Nida & TaberD. Venuti & Lawrence答案：C9. 以下哪个选项不是翻译质量评估的标准？A. 准确性B. 流畅性C. 创造性D. 速度答案：D10. 翻译中的“文化适应性”主要指的是什么？A. 使译文适应目标语言的文化B. 使译文适应源语言的文化C. 保持源语言和目标语言文化的平衡D. 忽略文化差异答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译是一种跨文化交际活动，它涉及到两种不同语言和文化的________。

2. 在翻译中，________是指翻译者在翻译过程中对原文的理解。

答案：理解3. 翻译的________原则要求翻译者在忠实原文的基础上，使译文在目标语言中自然流畅。

翻译理论知识

翻译理论知识《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲一、翻译定义：1. 张培基——翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

3. 刘宓庆——翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。

4. 王克非——翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。

6. 费道罗夫——翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容与形式不可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。

7. 卡特福德-- 翻译的定义也可以这样说：把一种语言（Source Language）中的篇章材料用另一种语言（Target Language）中的篇章材料来加以代替。

8. 奈达——翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语信息最切近的自然对等物，首先就意义而言，其次就是文体而言。

“ Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” ---Eugene Nida纽马克——通常（虽然不能说总是如此），翻译就是把一个文本的意义按作者所想的方式移译入另一种文字（语言）。

“ Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language”. --- Peter Newmark10. “ Translation is the expression in one language （ortarget language 译入语） of what has been expressed in another language （source language 原语）, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.” --- Dubois12. 13.Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text.二、翻译标准1. 翻译的标准概括为言简意赅的四个字：“忠实（faithfulness）、通顺（smoothnesS”忠实指的是忠实于原文。

简单总结翻译考试内容简答题部分

翻译考试
题型：阅读理解、简答题、英译汉、汉译英。

简答题的考试内容（用中文答）：Strategies, Methods and Techniques of Translation
（1）翻译策略：异化（foreignization）归化（domestication）
归化：意译，改译，创译，仿译[其中，意译包括paraphrase释义法，idiomatic套译]
异化：逐字翻译，零翻译，音译，直译（大家还是要区分好这些翻译策略哈，如逐字翻译和直译的区别在哪等这类问题，因为万一考到定义什么就比较好处理哦）
（2）翻译技巧：8种翻译技巧（<增译><减译法>，<分译法>，<合译法（即重译法）>，<词序调整法>，<正说反译，反说正译法>，<词类转移法【①Spelling，②Sound / rhyming ③At word level④At syntactic level⑤Level shift⑥At semantic level⑦At text level⑧At pragmatic level ⑨At cross-cultural level】>
（3）阅读翻译课本P354西方翻译理论，德国的目的论翻译理论
（4）英译中的翻译，按照汉语的习惯，一般是“前因后果”。

而中译英的一般是“主从结构”，即一般是先是主句（重要的），再到从句。

（5）三种翻译文本①信息性文本②表情性文本③操作性文本（关于这个文本信息，这里我听的不是很清楚，老师之前的那个PPT比较详细说到，如果有童鞋以前拷过PPT滴，可以上传下哈，如果没有的话，下周我再问老师拿哈。

）。

翻译概论期末考试和答案

翻译概论期末考试和答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译活动最早出现于哪个时期？A. 古代文明时期B. 古希腊罗马时期C. 古埃及时期D. 中世纪答案：B2. 翻译理论的系统化研究始于哪个世纪？A. 17世纪B. 18世纪C. 19世纪D. 20世纪答案：D3. 翻译的三大基本要素是什么？A. 源语、目标语、翻译者B. 源语、目标语、文化C. 源语、目标语、信息D. 源语、目标语、语境答案：A4. 翻译过程中，哪种类型的翻译是最为困难的？A. 直译B. 意译C. 机器翻译D. 人工翻译答案：B5. 翻译中的“信、达、雅”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 鲁迅D. 傅雷答案：A6. 翻译的等效理论是由哪位学者提出的？A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 费道罗夫D. 雅各布森答案：A7. 翻译中的“交际翻译”和“语义翻译”是由哪位学者区分的？A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 费道罗夫D. 雅各布森答案：B8. 翻译中的“忠实性”原则是由哪位学者提出的？A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 鲁迅D. 傅雷答案：A9. 翻译中的“动态对等”和“形式对等”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 费道罗夫D. 雅各布森答案：A10. 翻译中的“交际翻译”和“语义翻译”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 奈达B. 纽马克C. 费道罗夫D. 雅各布森答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译是一种跨文化______活动。

答案：交际2. 翻译的三个基本步骤是理解、转换和______。

答案：表达3. 翻译的忠实性原则要求翻译者在翻译过程中保持对原文的______。

答案：忠实4. 翻译的通顺性原则要求翻译者在翻译过程中保持译文的______。

答案：通顺5. 翻译的优雅性原则要求翻译者在翻译过程中保持译文的______。

答案：优雅6. 翻译中的直译是指在翻译过程中尽可能保持原文的______和结构。

答案：形式7. 翻译中的意译是指在翻译过程中根据目标语的语言习惯和文化背景对原文进行______。

翻译理论与技巧试题集及答案

翻译理论与技巧(A)试题集及答案(红色为自己所出题)一 Fill in the blanks.1.According to sociosemiotic theories, meaning consists of threeaspects: _________, ___________ and ____________ .2.As far as communicative function is concerned, English sentencescan be classified into four types: ____________ , ___________ ,_____________ and ___________ .3.Professor Xu Yuanzhong ever proposed that literary translationshould conform to the principle of “____________, __________ and___________”.4.The basic procedures of translation are made up of three steps:__________, ___________ and ___________ .5.Peter Newmark divided the function of language into six kinds, amongwhich the most important four functions are ____________,___________ , __________ and ___________ .6.“Literal translation” is based on -language-orientedprinciple, while “liberal translation” is based on-language-oriented principle.7.Translators often abide by -oriented principle when theytranslate literary works8.When we see the sun, we often think of hope. It’s themeaning of the sun we in fact think of.9.Yan Fu’s standard for good translation is ,and .10.According to Peter Newmark, the expression “How do you do”performs ___________ function.11.We should analyze , and beforewe really put something into the target language.12.According to the structure, English sentences can be classifiedinto sentences, ___________ sentences, sentences and sentences.13.The three principles for translation advocated by Alexander FraserTytler are:①②③14.The sentence “The earth goes around the sun” performs thefunction of language.15.When we hear somebody speaks ungrammatically, we know that he isnot well-educated. Here the language carries the meaning.16.According to the different signs that translation deals with,translation can be classifiedinto , , .17.Translation can be regarded as a , a ora .18.According to different topics, translation can be classified intotranslation, translation and translation.二Translating the following sentences into Chinese.1Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.2The crafty enemy was ready to launch a new attack while holding out the olive branch.3Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.4The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensationsas the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature.5 It’s not easy to become a member of that club—they want peoplewho haveplenty of money to spend, not just every Tom , Dick, and Harry.6 The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She wasnear collapse, barely able to move her swollen feet.7 But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimnessand the stride were long past, too.8 I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as though it had been beatenwith wires.9 As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which wehave been forced to cut our prices to the minimum.10 I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glassdoors to the backyards, and there was Allen’s pool, still coveredwith black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.11 Time did not spoil the beauty of the walls, nor the palace itself,lying like a jewel in the hollow of a hand.12It is obvious that this was merely a case of robbing Peter to pay Paul. There was no real clearing up of the outstanding debt.13He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and morehugs all over again, without end.14There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone toa lot of trouble or expanse than to have her guest so interestedin talking politics or business with her husband that he fails tonotice the flavour of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or theattractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest andpride.15English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.16When I go around on speaking engagements, they all expect me to assume a Quaker-Oats look.17The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen feet. 18“It is true that the enemey won the battle, but theirs is buta Pyrrhic victory.”said the General.19 A dirty-yellow sky had threatened rain all day and a hollowstillness hung over the valley.20I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar.So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them. 21One day, while out on the bleak moors, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.22Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more this poor old nervous victim23Our Band-Aid approach to economic development must be changed. 24It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time, as all did, since I had voluntarily come to the church.25It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion.26Father’s attitude toward anybody who wasn’t his kind used to puzzle me.27Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.28We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.29She stopped listening. She felt as though she had been slapped to the extreme outer edge of life, into a cold darkness.30Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well have the final say. 31Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.32The hungry boy was wolfing down his dinner.33I have a dream that my four little children will one day live ina nation where they will not be judged by the color of the skin butby the content of their character.34The importance of oceanography as a key to the understanding of our planet is seldom as well appreciated.35I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar.So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them. 36There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialists.37 A country that wishes to become a member of WTO is to send in itsapplication before a working party is formed by WTO for examination of the specific conditions of the country.38When prices range from $34,500 to $50,000 per car, evidence that these machines are more than a cut above the rest is essential. 39One of the most heartwarming aspects of people who are born witha facial disfigurement, whether minor or major, is the number ofthem who do not allow it to upset their lives, even reaching out to help others with the same problem.40The heavily laden infantry, though enjoying a superiority of six-to-one, simply could not keep to schedule and lost 60000 men in one day.41I have a cake in the o ven that I was making for the Senora’s dinner.42The world is scraping bottom in the deepest economic slump in a half-century.43Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. 44Military strategy may bear some similarity to the chessboard but it is dangerous to carry the analogy too far.45Studies show that otherwise rational people act irrationally when forced to stand in line or wait in crowds, even becoming violent. 46Prolonged high unemployment will threaten the current leadership in other capitals as well, and it could ignite violent upheavals in some of the most hard-pressed land.47Many advocated strong action to bring the Prime Minister into line.48He cannot wholly detach himself from the technicalities and personal inconveniences which accompany the battle for intelligence.49I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders.50Although the recession has reached every corner of the planet, the impact is uneven.51I think lawyers mistakenly believe complex language enhances the mystique of the law.52Not long ago, a foreign visitor whose English is extremely good told me of his embarrassment in a tea shop.53Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research.54We have created a faculty of scholars frequently so narrow in their studies and specialized in their scholarship they are simplyincapable of teaching introductory courses.55Then the players find out the lottery is not particularly good bet and they find other forms of gambling.56The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree.57There has always been a close cultural link, or tie between Britain and English-speaking America, not only in literature but also in the popular arts, especially music.58We must just make the best of things as they come along.59But once I made the decision, I went at it with all flags flying.60 Autumn’s mellow hand was upon the woods, as they owned already,touched with gold and red and olive.三 Translate the following passage into Chinese.1Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only wayI know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remindourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish.2 Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something,but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author’s or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with eachother and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you “ought ” to read, you probably won’t have fun. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time—and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process.3 It is well that the commonest fruit should be also the best. Ofthe virtues of the orange I have not room fully to speak. It has properties of health giving, as that it cures influenza and establishes the complexion. It is clean, for whoever handles it on its way to your table, but handles its outer covering, its top coat, which is left in the hall. It is round, and forms an excellent substitute with the young for a cricket ball. The pip can be flicked at your enemies, and quite a small piece of peel makes a slide for an old gentleman.But all this would count nothing had not the orange such delightful qualities of taste. I dare not let myself go upon this subject. I am a slave to its sweetness. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short. However, the world must go on.With the orange we do live year in and year out. That speaks well for the orange. The fact is that there is an honeaty about the orange which appeals to all of us. If it is going to be bad—for the best of us are bad sometimes—it begins to be bad from the outside, not from the inside. How many a pear which presents a blooming face to the world is rotten at the core. How many an innocent-looking apple is harbouring a worm in the bud. But the orange has no secret faults.Its outside is a mirror of its inside, and if you are quick you can tell the shopman so before he slips it into the bag.4 It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor the Americans pursueprosperity and how they are ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.Americans cleave to the things of this world as if assured that they will never die, and yet are in such a rush to snatch any that come within their reach, as if expecting to stop living before they have relished them. They clutch everything but hold nothing fast, and so lose grip as they hurry after some new delight.An American will build a house in which to pass his old age and sell it before the roof is on; he will plant a garden and rent itjust as the trees are coming into bearing; he will clear a field and leave others to reap the harvest; he will take up a profession and leave it, settle in one place and soon go off elsewhere with his changing desires. If his private business allows him a moment’s relaxation, he will plunge at once into the whirlpool of politics.Then, if at the end of a year crammed with work he has a little spare leisure, his restless curiosity goes with him traveling up and down the vast territories of the United States. Thus he will travel five hundred miles in a few days as a distraction from his happiness.Death steps is in the end and stops him before he has grown tired of this futile pursuit of that complete felicity which always escapes him.5 Through all of our history we have pondered the stars and musedwhether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the night sky, there are other beings who contemplate and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the universe differently. There might be very exotic biologies and technologies and societies. In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary human understanding, we are a little lonely, and we ponder the ultimate significance, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue planet. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for generally acceptable cosmic context for the human species. In the deepest sense, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a search for ourselves. Along with the growing dedication to a serious search, a slightly negative note has merged which is nevertheless very interesting. A few scientists have lately asked a curious question: if extraterrestrial intelligence is abundant, why have we not already seen its manifestations6 A real woman, by my definition, neither despises nor worships men,but is proud not to have been born a man, does everything she can to avoid thinking or acting like one, knows the full extent of her powers, and feels free to reject all arbitrary man-made obligations.She is her own oracle of right and wrong, firmly believing in her five sound senses and intuitive sixth. Once a real woman has been warned by her nose that those apples are tasteless or assured by her finger-tips that this material is shoddy, no salesman in the world can persuade her to the contrary. Nor, once she has met some personage in private and summed him up with a single keen glance as weak, vain or crooked, will his mounting public reputation convince her otherwise. She takes pleasure in the company of simple, happy, undemanding women; but seldom or never finds a friend worthy of her full confidence.翻译理论与技巧（A）答案一 1 designative meaning or referential meaning, linguistic meaning and pragmatic meaning2 declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences3beauty of meaning, beauty of sound and beauty of form4comprehension, expression and testing5informative function, expressive function, vocative function and aesthetic function6source, target7Aesthetics8Associative9Faithfulness, Expressiveness, Elegance10phatic11Grammar, meaning and structure.12Simple, compound, complex, compound complex131) A translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work; 2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; 3) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.14informative15indexical meaning.16Intralingual translation, interlingual translation, intersemiotic translation17science, art, skill(craft)18professional translation, literary translation, general translation二 1他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。

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